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簡介：淮陰工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院院計(jì)算機(jī)工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)通信工程姓名名鄭啟航學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)1081302234外文出外文出處處PROFESSIONALASPNETWEBSERVICES用外文寫RUSSBASIURA,MIKEBATONGBACAL附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。附件附件1外文外文資料翻料翻譯譯譯譯文ASP體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展利用ASP開發(fā)WEB應(yīng)用程序首先必須確立WEB應(yīng)用的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。目前在應(yīng)用中常用到的有兩種C/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)和B/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)。C/S體系結(jié)構(gòu)即CLIENT/SERVER，客戶端/服務(wù)器端。兩層的客戶/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)?？蛻?服務(wù)器（CLIENT/SERVER）模型是一種良好的軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最佳應(yīng)用模式之一。從技術(shù)上看，它本身是一個(gè)邏輯概念，是指將一個(gè)應(yīng)用分解成多個(gè)任務(wù)分別執(zhí)行，共同完成整個(gè)應(yīng)用任務(wù)的功能。網(wǎng)絡(luò)各站點(diǎn)主機(jī)上資源（硬件、軟件、數(shù)據(jù)）分步不均衡，在客戶/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)下，無資源的客戶機(jī)通過向有資源的服務(wù)器發(fā)出請(qǐng)求，并得到資源請(qǐng)求，從而適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中資源分布的不均衡性。采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)能綜合各種計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)同工作，各盡其能，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模優(yōu)化（RIGHTSIZING）和規(guī)?？s小化DOWNSIZING。如下圖從技術(shù)角度講，“客戶機(jī)”和“服務(wù)器”都是邏輯的概念，其含義是將計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用分成兩大部分，其中一部分支持多個(gè)用戶共享的功能與資源，它由服務(wù)器來實(shí)現(xiàn)；另一部分是面向每個(gè)用戶的，由客戶機(jī)來實(shí)現(xiàn)，也就是說，客戶機(jī)通常執(zhí)行前臺(tái)功能，通過用戶界面實(shí)現(xiàn)人機(jī)對(duì)話，或是執(zhí)行用戶特定的應(yīng)用程序。而服務(wù)器通常執(zhí)行后臺(tái)功能，管理共享的外設(shè)，接受并回答用戶的請(qǐng)求等。對(duì)于一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)來說，它可以具有雙重功能，在某一時(shí)刻充當(dāng)服務(wù)器，而在另一時(shí)刻又成為客戶機(jī)?？蛻?服務(wù)器類型把計(jì)算機(jī)分為兩類，提供服務(wù)的一方稱為服務(wù)器，請(qǐng)求服務(wù)的一方稱為客戶。為了能夠提供服務(wù)，服務(wù)器一方必須具有一定的硬件和相應(yīng)的服務(wù)器軟件；同樣，客戶一方也必須具有一定的硬件和相應(yīng)的客戶軟件。在服務(wù)器和客戶之間必須有一個(gè)協(xié)議，雙方根據(jù)這個(gè)協(xié)議進(jìn)行通信。

簡介：鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院鄭州輕工業(yè)學(xué)院?？飘厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）英文翻譯英文翻譯題目基于ASPNET的企業(yè)網(wǎng)站宣傳學(xué)生姓名馬寶勇專業(yè)班級(jí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)管理1002班學(xué)號(hào)621013550221院（系）軟件學(xué)院指導(dǎo)教師（職稱）康國磊（副教授）完成時(shí)間2012年3月25日2RESPONDINGTOCLIENTEVENTSINCODETHATRUNSATTHESERVERTHEFRAMEWORKALSOAUTOMATICALLYMAINTAINSTHESTATEOFAPAGEANDTHECONTROLSONTHATPAGEDURINGTHEPAGEPROCESSINGLIFECYCLETHEASPNETPAGEANDCONTROLSFRAMEWORKALSOENABLESYOUTOENCAPSULATECOMMONUIFUNCTIONALITYINEASYTOUSE,REUSABLECONTROLSCONTROLSAREWRITTENONCE,CANBEUSEDINMANYPAGES,ANDAREINTEGRATEDINTOTHEASPNETWEBPAGETHATTHEYAREPLACEDINDURINGRENDERINGTHEASPNETPAGEANDCONTROLSFRAMEWORKALSOPROVIDESFEATURESTOCONTROLTHEOVERALLLOOKANDFEELOFYOURWEBSITEVIATHEMESANDSKINSYOUCANDEFINETHEMESANDSKINSANDTHENAPPLYTHEMATAPAGELEVELORATACONTROLLEVELALLASPNETCODEISCOMPILED,WHICHENABLESSTRONGTYPING,PERFORMANCEOPTIMIZATIONS,ANDEARLYBINDING,AMONGOTHERBENEFITSONCETHECODEHASBEENCOMPILED,THECOMMONLANGUAGERUNTIMEFURTHERCOMPILESASPNETCODETONATIVECODE,PROVIDINGIMPROVEDPERFORMANCEASPNETINCLUDESACOMPILERTHATWILLCOMPILEALLYOURAPPLICATIONCOMPONENTSINCLUDINGPAGESANDCONTROLSINTOANASSEMBLYTHATTHEASPNETHOSTINGENVIRONMENTCANTHENUSETOSERVICEUSERREQUESTSINADDITIONTOTHESECURITYFEATURESOFNET,ASPNETPROVIDESANADVANCEDSECURITYINFRASTRUCTUREFORAUTHENTICATINGANDAUTHORIZINGUSERACCESSASWELLASPERFORMINGOTHERSECURITYRELATEDTASKSYOUCANAUTHENTICATEUSERSUSINGWINDOWSAUTHENTICATIONSUPPLIEDBYIIS,ORYOUCANMANAGEAUTHENTICATIONUSINGYOUROWNUSERDATABASEUSINGASPNETFORMSAUTHENTICATIONANDASPNETMEMBERSHIPADDITIONALLY,YOUCANMANAGETHEAUTHORIZATIONTOTHECAPABILITIESANDINFORMATIONOFYOURWEBAPPLICATIONUSINGWINDOWSGROUPSORYOUROWNCUSTOMROLEDATABASEUSINGASPNETROLESYOUCANEASILYREMOVE,ADDTO,ORREPLACETHESESCHEMESDEPENDINGUPONTHENEEDSOFYOURAPPLICATIONASPNETALWAYSRUNSWITHAPARTICULARWINDOWSIDENTITYSOYOUCANSECUREYOURAPPLICATIONUSINGWINDOWSCAPABILITIESSUCHASNTFSACCESSCONTROLLISTSACLS,DATABASEPERMISSIONS,ANDSOONFORMOREINFORMATIONONTHEIDENTITYOFASPNET,

簡介：ULTRASENSITIVEELECTRICALBIOSENSINGOFPROTEINSANDDNACARBONNANOTUBEDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONOFTHERECOGNITIONANDTRANSDUCTIONEVENTSJOSEPHWANG,GUODONGLIU,ANDMRASULJAN?DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRYANDBIOCHEMISTRY,NEWMEXICOSTATEUNIVERSITY,LASCRUCES,NEWMEXICO88003RECEIVEDDECEMBER15,2003EMAILJOEWANGNMSUEDUTHEDETECTIONOFDNAANDPROTEINSISOFCENTRALIMPORTANCETOTHEDIAGNOSISANDTREATMENTOFGENETICDISEASES,TOTHEDETECTIONOFINFECTIOUSAGENTS,DRUGDISCOVERY,ORWARNINGAGAINSTBIOWARFAREAGENTS14SUCHBIODETECTIONCOMMONLYRELIESONHYBRIDIZATIONORANTIGENANTIBODYAGABINTERACTIONS,ANDREQUIRESPROPERATTENTIONTOTHEACHIEVEMENTOFULTRASENSITIVEMEASUREMENTSELECTROCHEMICALTRANSDUCERSAREVERYATTRACTIVEFORSUCHBIOASSAYS,OWINGTOTHEIRHIGHSENSITIVITY,INHERENTSIMPLICITYANDMINIATURIZATION,ANDLOWCOSTANDPOWERREQUIREMENTSTHEUSEOFENZYMELABELSTOGENERATEELECTRICALSIGNALSHASBEENEXTREMELYUSEFULFORULTRASENSITIVEELECTROCHEMICALBIOAFFINITYASSAYSOFPROTEINSANDDNAHELLER’SGROUP5,6DEMONSTRATEDTHATAHIGHLYSENSITIVEAMPEROMETRICMONITORINGOFDNAHYBRIDIZATIONDOWNTO5ZMOLCOULDBEACHIEVEDINCONNECTIONWITHAHORSERADISHPEROXIDASEHRPLABELEDTARGETANDANELECTRONCONDUCTINGREDOXPOLYMERHRPLABELHASBEENCOMBINEDBYWILLNER’SGROUP7,8WITHABIOCATALYTICPRECIPITATIVEACCUMULATIONOFTHEENZYMEGENERATINGPRODUCTTOACHIEVEMULTIPLEAMPLIFICATIONSANDVERYLOW25AMOLDETECTIONLIMITSEFFORTSTOAMPLIFYENZYMELINKEDELECTRICALPROTEINASSAYSINCLUDEDDUALENZYMESUBSTRATERECYCLING9ORIONEXCHANGEACCUMULATIONOFTHEPRODUCT10YET,AMPLIFIEDTRANSDUCTIONOFBIOLOGICALRECOGNITIONEVENTSREMAINSAMAJORCHALLENGETOELECTRICALBIOASSAYSNEWSCHEMESBASEDONCOUPLINGTHEBIOCATALYTICAMPLIFICATIONOFENZYMETAGSWITHADDITIONALAMPLIFICATIONUNITSANDPROCESSESAREHIGHLYDESIREDFORMEETINGTHEHIGHSENSITIVITYDEMANDSOFELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONOFPROTEINSANDNUCLEICACIDSHEREWEDEMONSTRATETHEUSEOFCARBONNANOTUBESCNTSFORDRAMATICALLYAMPLIFYINGENZYMEBASEDBIOAFFINITYELECTRICALSENSINGOFPROTEINSANDDNATHEUNIQUEELECTRONIC,CHEMICAL,ANDMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFCNTSMAKETHEMEXTREMELYATTRACTIVEFORELECTROCHEMICALSENSORS11,12MOSTCNTSENSINGWORKHASFOCUSEDONTHEABILITYOFSURFACECONFINEDCNTSTOPROMOTEELECTRONTRANSFERREACTIONSINVOLVEDINBIOCATALYTICDEVICES13,14INOURNEWBIOAFFINITYASSAYSFIGURE1,CNTSPLAYADUALAMPLIFICATIONROLEINBOTHTHERECOGNITIONANDTRANSDUCTIONEVENTS,NAMELYASCARRIERSFORNUMEROUSENZYMETAGSANDFORACCUMULATINGTHEPRODUCTOFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONTHESENOVELSUPPORTANDPRECONCENTRATIONFUNCTIONSOFCNTSREFLECTTHEIRLARGESPECIFICSURFACEAREA15ANDAREILLUSTRATEDUSINGTHEALKALINEPHOSPHATASEALPENZYMETRACERSUCHCOUPLINGOFSEVERALCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONPROCESSESLEADSTOTHELOWESTDETECTIONLIMITREPORTEDTHUSFARFORELECTRICALDNADETECTIONTHENEWCNTBASEDAMPLIFIEDBIOELECTRONICPROTOCOLFIGURE1INVOLVESTHESANDWICHHYBRIDIZATIONAORANTIGENANTIBODYBBINDINGALONGWITHMAGNETICSEPARATIONOFTHEANALYTELINKEDMAGNETICBEAD/CNTASSEMBLYA,FOLLOWEDBYENZYMATICAMPLIFICATIONB,ANDCHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSTRIPPINGDETECTIONOFTHEPRODUCTATTHECNTMODIFIEDELECTRODECOURTEMOBSERVATIONSEG,FIGURE2INDICATETHATTHEHYBRIDIZATIONEVENTLEADSTOCROSSLINKINGOFTHEALPLOADEDCNTSANDTHEMAGNETICBEADSWITHTHEDNADUPLEXACTINGAS“GLUE”TOOURKNOWLEDGE,THISISTHEFIRSTEXAMPLEOFUSINGDNAFORLINKINGPARTICLESTOCNTSNOSUCHAGGREGATIONWASOBSERVEDINTHEPRESENCEOFNONCOMPLEMENTARYOLIGONUCLEOTIDESBAPPARENTLY,WITHOUTTHERECOGNITIONEVENT,THEALPTAGGEDCNTSAREREMOVEDBYTHEMAGNETICSEPARATION,LEAVINGTHEMAGNETICBEADSBEHINDALPWASIMMOBILIZEDONCNTSUSINGA1ETHYL33DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLCARBODIIMIDELINKERSEEFIGURE1INSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONACOVERAGEOFAROUND9600ENZYMEMOLECULESPERACNTIE,BINDINGEVENTWASESTIMATEDFROMASEPARATEELECTROCHEMICALEXPERIMENTCOMPARINGTHERNAPHTHOLRESPONSEOFKNOWNAMOUNTSOFALPLOADEDCNTSANDALPASSUMINGSIMILARACTIVITIESFORTHEFREEANDBOUNDALPTHEDRAMATICSIGNALENHANCEMENTASSOCIATEDWITHTHECNTBASEDDUALAMPLIFICATIONROUTEISDEMONSTRATEDINFIGURE3FORDNAHYBRIDIZATIONAANDAGABBBIOASSAYSTHECONVENTIONALPROTOCOLS,BASEDONTHESINGLEENZYMETAGANDAGLASSYCARBONTRANSDUCER,ARENOTRESPONDINGTOEITHER10PGML1DNATARGETA,AOR80PGML1IGGB,ATHEFIRSTAMPLIFICATIONSTEPBASEDONTHEALPLOADEDCNTSBOFFERSCONVENIENTDETECTIONOFTHESELOWANALYTECONCENTRATIONSTHESINGLEALPPROTOCOLSDISPLAYEDA?PERMANENTADDRESSDEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY,UNIVERSITYOFPESHAWAR,PAKISTANFIGURE1SCHEMATICREPRESENTATIONOFTHEANALYTICALPROTOCOLACAPTUREOFTHEALPLOADEDCNTTAGSTOTHESTREPTAVIDINMODIFIEDMAGNETICBEADSBYASANDWICHDNAHYBRIDIZATIONAORABAGABINTERACTIONBBENZYMATICREACTIONCELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONOFTHEPRODUCTOFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONATTHECNTMODIFIEDGLASSYCARBONELECTRODEMB,MAGNETICBEADSP,DNAPROBE1T,DNATARGETP2,DNAPROBE2AB1,FIRSTANTIBODYAG,ANTIGENAB2,SECONDARYANTIBODYSANDP,SUBSTRATEANDPRODUCT,RESPECTIVELY,OFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONGC,GLASSYCARBONELECTRODECNT,CARBONNANOTUBELAYERFIGURE2TEMIMAGESOFTHEMAGNETICBEADSDNACNTASSEMBLYPRODUCEDFOLLOWINGA20MINHYBRIDIZATIONWITHTHE10AAND0BPGML1TARGETSAMPLETHEMICROGRAPHSWERETAKENWITHAHITACHIH7000INSTRUMENTOPERATEDAT75KVPUBLISHEDONWEB02/18/200430109JAMCHEMSOC2004,126,30103011101021/JA031723WCCC2750?2004AMERICANCHEMICALSOCIETYLOWERSIGNALFORASIGNIFICANTLY1000FOLDHIGHERTARGETCONCENTRATIONNOTSHOWNTHENEARLY104IMPROVEMENTINTHESENSITIVITYISINGOODAGREEMENTWITHTHEESTIMATEDALPLOADINGPERCNTONLY～50FOLDSENSITIVITYENHANCEMENTWASOBSERVEDBYUSINGASTREPTAVIDINCOATEDPOLYSTYRENECARRIERBEADINSTEADOFTHECNTSUPPORTFURTHERENHANCEMENTSOFTHEDNAANDPROTEINSIGNALSBY～30FOLDAREOBSERVEDINTHESECONDAMPLIFICATIONPATH,EMPLOYINGTHECNTMODIFIEDTRANSDUCERCTHELATTERREFLECTTHESTRONGADSORPTIVEACCUMULATIONOFTHELIBERATEDRNAPHTHOLONTHECNTLAYERTHEPRECONCENTRATIONFEATUREOFTHECNTLAYERWASINDICATEDFROMTHEUSEOFDIFFERENTACCUMULATIONTIMESTHATLEDTOASHARPINCREASEINTHERNAPHTHOLSIGNALCOMPAREDTOTHETIMEINDEPENDENTSIGNALOBSERVEDATTHEBAREELECTRODESEEFIGURE2INSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONFIGURE4ADISPLAYSTYPICALCHRONOPOTENTIOGRAMSFOREXTREMELYLOWTARGETDNACONCENTRATIONS001100PGML1AEWELLDEFINEDRNAPHTHOLSIGNALSAREOBSERVEDFORTHESELOWDNACONCENTRATIONSINCONNECTIONWITH20MINHYBRIDIZATIONTHERESULTINGPLOTOFRESPONSEVSLOGTARGETSHOWNASINSETISLINEARANDSUITABLEFORQUANTITATIVEWORKTHEFAVORABLERESPONSEOFTHE5FGML1DNATARGETBINDICATESAREMARKABLYLOWDETECTIONLIMITOFAROUND1FGML154AM,IE,820COPIESOR13ZMOLINTHE25ΜLSAMPLESUCHALOWDETECTIONLIMITCOMPARESFAVORABLYWITHTHELOWESTVALUESOF5ZMOL3000COPIESAND25AMOLREPORTEDFORELECTRICALDNADETECTION6,8SIMILARLY,IGGWASDETERMINEDWITHADETECTIONLIMITOF500FGML1160ZMOLIN25ΜLSAMPLESANDEXHIBITSAWELLDEFINEDLOGARITHMICCONCENTRATIONDEPENDENCETHESMALLERSIGNALOBSERVEDINACONTROLEXPERIMENTFORAHUGE～106EXCESSOFANONCOMPLEMENTARYOLIGONUCLEOTIDEFIGURE4,CVSBREFLECTSTHEHIGHSELECTIVITYASSOCIATEDWITHTHEEFFECTIVEMAGNETICSEPARATIONTHEAMPLIFIEDELECTRICALSIGNALISCOUPLEDTOAGOODREPRODUCIBILITYTWOSERIESOFSIXREPETITIVEMEASUREMENTSOF1PGML1DNATARGETOR08NGML1IGGYIELDEDREPRODUCIBLESIGNALSWITHRELATIVESTANDARDDEVIATIONSOF56AND89,RESPECTIVELYINCONCLUSION,WEHAVEDEMONSTRATEDACNTBASEDDUALAMPLIFICATIONROUTEFORULTRASENSITIVEELECTRICALBIOASSAYSOFPROTEINSANDDNATHEUSEOFCNTAMPLIFIERSLOADEDWITHNUMEROUSALPTAGSHASBEENCOMBINEDWITHTHEPRECONCENTRATIONFEATUREOFCNTTRANSDUCERSTOYIELDADRAMATICENHANCEMENTOFTHESENSITIVITYSUCHCOUPLINGOFSEVERALCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONPROCESSESRESULTSINHIGHLYSENSITIVEDETECTIONOFPROTEINSANDDNAANDHENCEINDICATESGREATPROMISEFORPCRFREEDNAASSAYSFURTHERIMPROVEMENTSINTHESENSITIVITYAREEXPECTEDEITHERTHROUGHREDUCINGTHEELECTRODESIZEANDSAMPLEVOLUME6ORBYSUBSTRATERECYCLING9THENEWCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONBIOASSAYSAREEXPECTEDTOOPENNEWOPPORTUNITIESFORMEDICALDIAGNOSTICSANDPROTEINANALYSISTHEFINDINGTHATDNAHYBRIDIZATIONCANBEUSEDFORLINKINGCNTSTOPARTICLESHOLDSPROMISEFORASSEMBLINGCONTROLLABLENANOSCALESYSTEMSACKNOWLEDGMENTFINANCIALSUPPORTFROMTHENATIONALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONGRANTCHE0209707ANDNATIONALINSTITUTESOFHEALTHAWARDR01A105604701ISGRATEFULLYACKNOWLEDGEDSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONAVAILABLERELATEDEXPERIMENTALCONDITIONSINSTRUMENTATION,REAGENTS,SEQUENCES,ANDPROCEDURESALONGWITHADDITIONALDATAPDFTHISMATERIALISAVAILABLEFREEOFCHARGEVIATHEINTERNETATHTTP//PUBSACSORGREFERENCES1PALECEK,EFOJTA,MANALCHEM2001,73,75A2DRUMMOND,TGHILL,MGBARTON,JKNATBIOTECHNOL2003,21,11923WANG,JCHEMEURJ1999,5,16814GOODING,JJELECTROANALYSIS2002,14,11495CARUANA,DJHELLER,AJAMCHEMSOC1999,121,7696ZHANG,YKIM,HHELLER,AANALCHEM2003,75,32677PATOLSKY,FKATZ,EBARDEA,AWILLNER,ILANGMUIR1996,12,37038PATOLSKY,FLITCHENSTEIN,AWILLNER,IANGEWCHEM,INTED2000,39,9409BAUER,CEREMENKO,AEHRENTREICHFOSTER,EBIER,FMAKOWER,AHALSALL,HBHEINEMAN,WRSCHELLER,FWANALCHEM1996,68,245310LIMOGES,BDEGRAND,CANALCHEM1996,68,414111BAUGHMAN,RHZAKHIDOV,ADEHEER,WASCIENCE2002,297,78712ZHAO,QGAN,ZZHUANG,QELECTROANALYSIS2002,14,160913WANG,JMUSAMEH,MLIN,YJAMCHEMSOC2003,125,240814RUBIANES,MDRIVAS,GAELECTROCHEMCOMMUN2003,5,68915PEIGNEY,ALAURENT,CFLAHAUT,EBASCA,RROUSSET,ACARBON2001,39,507JA031723WFIGURE3CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSIGNALSFOR10PGML1TARGETOLIGONUCLEOTIDEAAND80PGML1IGGBUSINGTHEGLASSYCARBONGCTRANSDUCERANDAASINGLEALPTAGANDBCNTLOADEDWITHMULTIPLEALPTAGSCSAMEASBBUTUSINGTHECNTMODIFIEDGCELECTRODEAMOUNTOFMAGNETICBEADS,50ΜGSANDWICHASSAYWITH20AND30MINFOREACHHYBRIDIZATIONEVENTANDAG/ABASSOCIATION,RESPECTIVELYSAMPLEVOLUME,50ΜLDETECTION,ADDITIONOF50ΜLRNAPHTHYLPHOSPHATE50MMSOLUTIONWITHA20MINENZYMATICREACTIONMEASUREMENTSOFTHERNAPHTHOLPRODUCTWEREPERFORMEDATTHEBAREORMODIFIEDGCELECTRODES,USINGA2MINACCUMULATIONAT02VINASTIRREDPHOSPHATEBUFFERSOLUTION005M,PH741ML,FOLLOWEDBYA10SRESTPERIODWITHOUTSTIRRINGANDAPPLICATIONOFANANODICCURRENTOF50ΜASEESUPPORTINGINFORMATIONFORTHECONCENTRATIONSOFTHEOLIGONUCLEOTIDEPROBESANDANTIBODY,ANDSEQUENCEOFOLIGONUCLEOTIDEPROBES,LEVELSANDPREPARATIONOFTHEALPDNACNTANDALPSTREPTAVIDINCNTCONJUGATESFIGURE4CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSIGNALSFORINCREASINGLEVELSOFTHEDNATARGETA001,B01,C1,D50,E100PGML1ALSOSHOWNINSETISTHERESULTINGCALIBRATIONPLOTA,ANDTHERESPONSEFOR5FGML1TARGETDNABAND10NGML1NONCOMPLEMENTARYNCOLIGONUCLEOTIDECSAMPLEVOLUME,25ΜLBAND50ΜLCOTHERCONDITIONS,ASINFIGURE3A,CBASEDONPROTOCOLOFFIGURE1AACCOMMUNICATIONSJAMCHEMSOC9VOL126,NO10,20043011

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簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原稿及譯文譯文題目基于安卓系統(tǒng)的電子菜單軟件原稿題目INTELLIGENTERESTAURANTUSINGANDROIDOS原稿出處INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEWORKSHOPONADVANCEDCOMPUTING2013ICWAC2013TOGETINYOURPLATETHESERVICEGOESQUICKERTABLETSARESAIDTOALLOWCUTTINGTHELABOREXPENSESCUSTOMERSFEELMOREINVOLVEDINTHEPROCESSRESTAURANTSCANBUILDTHEIREREPUTATIONANDCUSTOMERCOMMUNITYINLIVETHERESTAURANTMENUHASEVOLVEDFROMITSHUMBLEBEGINNINGSONCARTECHALKBOARDSANDIMAGELESSPRINTTOTODAY’SDETAILED,COLORFULDISPLAYSWITHTHEEMERGENCEOFDIGITALTABLETSANDUSERFRIENDLYTOUCHSCREENTECHNOLOGYMENUSCANMOVETOAWHOLENEWSURFACEWITHTHISELECTRONICMENU,ORDERSCANBETAKENCORRECTLYTHEFIRSTTIMETHEREISNONEEDTORUNBACKANDFORTHTOADISTANTTERMINAL,BECAUSETHETERMINALISALWAYSWITHTHESERVEREVERYORDERISASSOCIATEDWITHANINDIVIDUALSEATATTHETABLE,ANDORDERSAREBUILTONECUSTOMERATATIME,JUSTLIKEONPAPER,BUTWITHGREATERACCURACYITEMSCANALSOEASILYBESHAREDBYTHEWHOLETABLE,MOVEDORMODIFIED,ANDNOTEDANDTHECOSTCANBECALCULATEDINREALTIMETHERECOMMENDATIONALGORITHMSUGGESTSDISHESTOTHEPATRONSBASEDONPREVIOUSORDERSITMAKESITEASIERFORTHECUSTOMERTOBUILDHIS/HERORDERANDALSOVIEWTHEMOSTPOPULARDISHESMOREOVER,VARIOUSDIMENSIONFILTERSCANBEUSEDACCORDINGTOINDIVIDUALPREFERENCESEGPRICE,TASTE,QUANTITY,ETCTHEREARESEVERALRESTAURANTSINMUMBAIWHICHHAVEREPLACEDTHETRADITIONALPAPERMENUSWITHTHEDIGITIZEDTABLETMENUBUTNONEOFTHEAPPSLETTHEPATRONPLACEANORDERDIRECTLYTOTHEKITCHENTHETABLET’SUSEISRESTRICTEDTOSIMPLEVIEWINGOFTHEMENU2EXISTINGSYSTEMS21CONVENTIONALSYSTEMSRESTAURANTSERVICESSUCHASMAKINGRESERVATIONS,PROCESSINGORDERS,ANDDELIVERINGMEALSGENERALLYREQUIREWAITERSTOINPUTCUSTOMERINFORMATIONANDTHENTRANSMITTHEORDERSTOKITCHENFORMEALPREPARATIONWHENTHECUSTOMERPAYSTHEBILL,THEAMOUNTDUEISCALCULATEDBYTHECASHIERALTHOUGHTHISPROCEDUREISSIMPLE,ITMAYSIGNIFICANTLYINCREASETHEWORKLOADOF

簡介：原文原文THEFIRSTORIGINOFASPTHERESEARCHTOASPMODEANDASPENTERPRISESORIGINCANPROCEEDWITHTWORESPECTS,ONETOINTERMSOFBUSINESSANDTECHNOLOGY,ISITCARRYONRESEARCHTOCOMEFROMASPDEVELOPINGHISTORYTHATBUSINESSCOMMITANOTHERONEISSTUDIESTHEORIGINSOFASPENTERPRISESANDEVOLUTIONCOURSEATPRESENTINTERMSOFORGANIZATIONSDEVELOPMENTWHETHERSTANDUPSYNTHETICALLYABOVEMENTIONEDDEVELOPINGSTAGE,TOPUTITBRIEFLY,PRESENTASPHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTPATHOFPROVIDERCANSIMPLETODESCRIBEASTHEFIRST,DEVELOPEDFROMTHEPASTISP,ROUNDEDTHEINFRASTRUCTUREANDCOMMUNICATIONFUNCTION,COOPERATEWITHSOFTWAREMANUFACTURER,INCREASETHEBUSINESSSCOPE,DEVELOPINTOTHEPRESENTIDCTHEDATACENTREOFINTERNET；THESECOND，THEPASTISVINDEPENDENTSOFTWAREPROVIDERANDVARTHETRADERTHATRESELLSVALUEADDEDSERVICE,ATINTERNETAGE,CHANGEDTHEMARKETINGWAYINTHEPAST,WOULDRELYMAINLYONSALEOFTHESOFTWAREPRODUCTTOCHANGEDIRECTIONTORELYMAINLYONTHEFACTTHATRIGHTTOUSEISLEASEDINTHEPAST,BALEFROMPHYSICSCARRIERENCAPSULATIONWAYCHANGEDIRECTIONANDLONGRANGEOPERATIONWAYMAINFACTNOW,THROUGHTHECOOPERATIONWITHNETWORKOPERATOR,REALIZETHETRANSITIONTOASP；THETHIRD，ITSERVICEDEPARTMENTSANDTRADITIONALADVISORYCOMPANIESOFTRADITIONALLARGESCALEORGANIZATION,ATTHEFOUNDATIONKNOWNDEEPLYININTERNET,DEPENDONLONGTERMEXPERIENCE,ISITCARRYONSYSTEMATICDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFSCHEMEFOROTHERCUSTOMERTOBEGIN,THROUGHESTABLISHINWITHTRADERWHOOPERATESNETWORKANDALLIANCERELATIONBETWEENTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTWAREMANUFACTURER,REALIZETHEASPPROVIDERTHATAPPEARSINTHECAPACITYOFSYSTEMINTEGRATIONTRADERTHESECONDTHEDEVELOPINGHISTORYANDCLASSIFICATIONOFASPSEENFROMTHEPRESENT,ASPISASEMERGINGANDPROPOSINGFORMALLYITISONLYATHINGFROMTHEENDOF1998TOTHEBEGINNINGOF1999OFAKINDOFMODEANDUNTILTHEFORTHCHINAASPMARKETSOVERVIEWIN2000,THETOTALSALESAMOUNTOFCHINAASPMARKETWAS33MILLIONDOLLARS,ACCOUNTEDFOR03OFGLOBALTOTALSALESAMOUNTIDCISEXPECTED,THEANNUALAVERAGERATEOFINCREASEOFTHELARGECHINADISTRICTASPMARKETWILLBE64FROM2000TO2004,BY2004,THECAPACITYOFTHELARGECHINADISTRICTASPMARKETWILLREACH243MILLIONDOLLARSCHINAASPMARKETBEGANTOSPROUTWHENTHEBEGINNINGOF2000,REMAINSTHEMARKETFORANUNRIPEINITIALSTAGENOW,ITSHOWASTHEMARKETSTOREMEDIUMANDSMALLSCALESPECIALIZINGINUSINGANDSERVINGCOMPANYTHATCOMESUPTOALARGENUMBERIN,ITISMAINLYTHOSETRADITIONALINDEPENDENTSOFTWAREDEVELOPERS,SYSTEMINTEGRATIONTRADERANDCOMCOMPANYBUTCOMPANYTHESEPOSSESSHEAVYCOMPETITIVENESSTOOATABILITYANDCOMPANYSCALETHATITSELFPROVIDESERVICEINTERNETOFOURCOUNTRYDEVELOPSAFTERGOINGTHROUGHFANATICALLY,BEGINSTOTENDTOWARDSREASONANDNORMTHISYEARITISEXACTLYWHILESUMMARIZINGANDADJUSTINGWEBSITESINDUSTRYSDEVELOPMENTPATHNOW,WENEEDTOTHINKANDKNOWINTERNETSOWNCHARACTERISTICANDADVANTAGEAGAINFORTHISITSCHARACTERISTICS,SUCHASHIGHEFFICIENT,SIMPLEANDDIRECT,INDIVIDUALIZED,RESOURCESHARING,CROSSINGOVERSPACETIMEANDRELATIVELYCHEAPCOST,ETC,ITISTHEMOTIVEPOWERTHATITMUSTUSEHIGHSPEEDDEVELOPMENTATTHEPRESENT,THOSECOMPANIESSPECIALIZINGINOFFERINGSERVICEOFUSINGSTILLFACETHECHALLENGEFIRSTOFALL,INAMONGBEINGITTRADE,ISITISITSERVETHESEKINDOFMODEFARACCEPTBYMASSESEVENTOUSETOSELL,BECAUSEMOSTTRADITIONALTRADESHAVENOTREALIZEDYETTHATASPWAYCANBRINGTHEINTERESTSTOTHEMSECONDLY,HOWTOSELLTHEAPPLICATIONPROGRAMINAKINDOFWAYWHICHISSIMILARTOTHEWHOLESOLUTION,ITISALLIMPORTANTPROBLEMSTHATASPMANUFACTURERSFACEHOWTOMAKEPRICINGSYSTEMFINALLY,HOWBETHROUGHOFFERAPPLICATIONPROGRAMSERVICEANDTRADITIONALSOFTWARESELLMODEPARTICIPATEINTHECOMPETITION,ITISAQUESTIONTHATCHINAASPSHOULDBEPONDEREDDEEPLYTOOANDATPRESENT,THEOPERATIONPRINCIPLESOFMOSTWEBSITESAREREMOTEFROMABOVEMENTIONEDADVANTAGEANDCHARACTERISTICININTERNET,THETRAINSOFTHOUGHTOFOPERATIONOFWEBSITESSEEMTHATSTILLSTAYSINMANAGEMENTMODEANDMANAGEMENTTHEORYINOLDERABUTATTHESAMETIME,THECURRENTSITUATIONOFTHECHINESEMARKETISTHATTHECOMPETITIONISBEINGAGGRAVATEDCONSTANTLYAMONG

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簡介：第1頁共12頁中文3683字外文文獻(xiàn)ASPTECHNOLOGYCONSPECTUSANDSPECIALTIESASPNETISAUNIFIEDWEBDEVELOPMENTMODELTHATINCLUDESTHESERVICESNECESSARYFORYOUTOBUILDENTERPRISECLASSWEBAPPLICATIONSWITHAMINIMUMOFCODINGASPNETISPARTOFTHENETFRAMEWORK,ANDWHENCODINGASPNETAPPLICATIONSYOUHAVEACCESSTOCLASSESINTHENETFRAMEWORKYOUCANCODEYOURAPPLICATIONSINANYLANGUAGECOMPATIBLEWITHTHECOMMONLANGUAGERUNTIMECLR,INCLUDINGMICROSOFTVISUALBASIC,C,JSCRIPTNET,ANDJTHESELANGUAGESENABLEYOUTODEVELOPASPNETAPPLICATIONSTHATBENEFITFROMTHECOMMONLANGUAGERUNTIME,TYPESAFETY,INHERITANCE,ANDSOONASPNETINCLUDESAPAGEANDCONTROLSFRAMEWORKTHEASPNETCOMPILERSECURITYINFRASTRUCTURESTATEMANAGEMENTFACILITIESAPPLICATIONCONFIGURATIONHEALTHMONITORINGANDPERFORMANCEFEATURESDEBUGGINGSUPPORTANXMLWEBSERVICESFRAMEWORKEXTENSIBLEHOSTINGENVIRONMENTANDAPPLICATIONLIFECYCLEMANAGEMENTANEXTENSIBLEDESIGNERENVIRONMENTTHEASPNETPAGEANDCONTROLSFRAMEWORKISAPROGRAMMINGFRAMEWORKTHATRUNSONAWEBSERVERTODYNAMICALLYPRODUCEANDRENDERASPNETWEBPAGESASPNETWEBPAGESCANBEREQUESTEDFROMANYBROWSERORCLIENTDEVICE,ANDASPNETRENDERSMARKUPSUCHASHTMLTOTHEREQUESTINGBROWSERASARULE,YOUCANUSETHESAMEPAGEFORMULTIPLEBROWSERS,BECAUSEASPNETRENDERSTHEAPPROPRIATEMARKUPFORTHEBROWSERMAKINGTHEREQUESTHOWEVER,YOUCANDESIGNYOURASPNETWEBPAGETOTARGETASPECIFICBROWSER,SUCHASMICROSOFTINTERNETEXPLORER6,ANDTAKEADVANTAGEOFTHEFEATURESOFTHATBROWSERASPNETSUPPORTSMOBILECONTROLSFORWEBENABLEDDEVICESSUCHASCELLULARPHONES,HANDHELDCOMPUTERS,ANDPERSONALDIGITALASSISTANTSPDASASPNETWEBPAGESARECOMPLETELYOBJECTORIENTEDWITHINASPNETWEBPAGESYOUCANWORKWITHHTMLELEMENTSUSINGPROPERTIES,METHODS,ANDEVENTSTHEASPNETPAGEFRAMEWORKREMOVESTHEIMPLEMENTATIONDETAILSOFTHESEPARATIONOF第3頁共12頁DATABASEPERMISSIONS,ANDSOONFORMOREINFORMATIONONTHEIDENTITYOFASPNET,ASPNETPROVIDESINTRINSICSTATEMANAGEMENTFUNCTIONALITYTHATENABLESYOUTOSTOREINFORMATIONBETWEENPAGEREQUESTS,SUCHASCUSTOMERINFORMATIONORTHECONTENTSOFASHOPPINGCARTYOUCANSAVEANDMANAGEAPPLICATIONSPECIFIC,SESSIONSPECIFIC,PAGESPECIFIC,USERSPECIFIC,ANDDEVELOPERDEFINEDINFORMATIONTHISINFORMATIONCANBEINDEPENDENTOFANYCONTROLSONTHEPAGEASPNETOFFERSDISTRIBUTEDSTATEFACILITIES,WHICHENABLEYOUTOMANAGESTATEINFORMATIONACROSSMULTIPLEINSTANCESOFTHESAMEAPPLICATIONONONECOMPUTERORONSEVERALCOMPUTERSASPNETAPPLICATIONSUSEACONFIGURATIONSYSTEMTHATENABLESYOUTODEFINECONFIGURATIONSETTINGSFORYOURWEBSERVER,FORAWEBSITE,ORFORINDIVIDUALAPPLICATIONSYOUCANMAKECONFIGURATIONSETTINGSATTHETIMEYOURASPNETAPPLICATIONSAREDEPLOYEDANDCANADDORREVISECONFIGURATIONSETTINGSATANYTIMEWITHMINIMALIMPACTONOPERATIONALWEBAPPLICATIONSANDSERVERSASPNETCONFIGURATIONSETTINGSARESTOREDINXMLBASEDFILESBECAUSETHESEXMLFILESAREASCIITEXTFILES,ITISSIMPLETOMAKECONFIGURATIONCHANGESTOYOURWEBAPPLICATIONSYOUCANEXTENDTHECONFIGURATIONSCHEMETOSUITYOURREQUIREMENTSASPNETINCLUDESFEATURESTHATENABLEYOUTOMONITORHEALTHANDPERFORMANCEOFYOURASPNETAPPLICATIONASPNETHEALTHMONITORINGENABLESREPORTINGOFKEYEVENTSTHATPROVIDEINFORMATIONABOUTTHEHEALTHOFANAPPLICATIONANDABOUTERRORCONDITIONSTHESEEVENTSSHOWACOMBINATIONOFDIAGNOSTICSANDMONITORINGCHARACTERISTICSANDOFFERAHIGHDEGREEOFFLEXIBILITYINTERMSOFWHATISLOGGEDANDHOWITISLOGGEDASPNETSUPPORTSTWOGROUPSOFPERFORMANCECOUNTERSACCESSIBLETOYOURAPPLICATIONSTHEASPNETSYSTEMPERFORMANCECOUNTERGROUPTHEASPNETAPPLICATIONPERFORMANCECOUNTERGROUPASPNETTAKESADVANTAGEOFTHERUNTIMEDEBUGGINGINFRASTRUCTURETOPROVIDECROSSLANGUAGEANDCROSSCOMPUTERDEBUGGINGSUPPORTYOUCANDEBUGBOTHMANAGEDANDUNMANAGEDOBJECTS,ASWELLASALLLANGUAGESSUPPORTEDBYTHECOMMONLANGUAGERUNTIMEANDSCRIPTLANGUAGESINADDITION,THEASPNETPAGEFRAMEWORKPROVIDESATRACEMODETHATENABLESYOUTOINSERTINSTRUMENTATIONMESSAGESINTOYOURASPNETWEBPAGESASPNETSUPPORTSXMLWEBSERVICESANXMLWEBSERVICEISACOMPONENTCONTAININGBUSINESSFUNCTIONALITYTHATENABLESAPPLICATIONSTOEXCHANGEINFORMATIONACROSSFIREWALLSUSINGSTANDARDSLIKEHTTPANDXMLMESSAGINGXMLWEBSERVICES

簡介：3500英文單詞，英文單詞，19500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文6000字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處ACKAAHWEXPLORINGTHEUSEOFADVANCEDTRAFFICINFORMATIONSYSTEMTOMANAGETRAFFICCONGESTIONINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESJSCIENTIFICAFRICAN,2019E00079EXPLORINGTHEUSEOFADVANCEDTRAFFICINFORMATIONSYSTEMTOMANAGETRAFFICCONGESTIONINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESWILLIAMSACKAAHABSTRACTPRESENTLY,ADVANCEDTRAVELERINFORMATIONSYSTEMATISISEXTENSIVELYUSEDELSEWHEREANDISREGARDEDASANIMPORTANTCOMPONENTFORROADTRAFFICCONTROLANDMANAGEMENTATISUSESINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGYTOBROADCASTTRAVELERINFORMATIONTOCOMMUTERSTOHELPTHEMINSCHEDULINGTHEIRTRIPSANDALSOOFFERDIRECTIONSONTHEWAYINFORMATIONPROVIDEDBYATISMAYINCLUDETRAFFICCONDITIONWHICHMAYBEPRESENTEDINQUEUELENGTH,TRAVELTIME,ORDELAY,INCIDENTSSUCHASROADTRAFFICCRASHANDTHEIRGEOGRAPHICALLOCATIONS,EVENTSSUCHASROADCONSTRUCTIONANDDEMONSTRATIONS,OPTIMALROUTES,ANDINCLEMENTWEATHERWHICHMAYDISRUPTTRAFFICTHETRAFFICINFORMATIONMAYBETRANSMITTEDVIAMECHANISMSSUCHASRADIOANDTELEVISION,DYNAMICNAVIGATIONSYSTEMSINVEHICLEORMOUNTED,INTERNETSERVICES,SMARTPHONESERVICESEGSPECIALLYDESIGNEDAPPLICATIONANDVARIABLESPEEDLIMITORCHANGEABLEMESSAGESIGNSSYSTEMSPROVIDINGCOMMUTERSWITHACCURATE,TIMELYANDRELIABLETRAFFICINFORMATIONWILLINFLUENCETRAVELBEHAVIORANDULTIMATELYRESULTINREDUCEDTRAVELTIMEANDTRAFFICCONGESTIONALONGWITHREDUCEDVEHICLEEMISSIONSANDFUELCONSUMPTIONNOTWITHSTANDINGTHEBENEFITSWHICHCANBEDERIVEDFROMUSINGINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTSYSTEMSTOMANAGETRAFFIC,ITSUSECANBEDESCRIBEDASBEINGINTHEBASICSTAGEINMOSTDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESTHISPAPERDISCUSSESHOWATISCANPLAYAVITALROLEOFEFFORTSTOREDUCETRAFFICCONGESTIONINEMERGINGNATIONSKEYWORDSTRAFFICINFORMATION；TRAFFICMANAGEMENT；CONGESTION；FLOATINGCARDATA；DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESINTRODUCTIONROADTRAFFICCONGESTIONINMOSTCITIESINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESKEEPSONINCREASINGBECAUSETHENUMBEROFPEOPLEOWNINGCARSKEEPINCREASINGCONGESTIONMAYOCCURWHENTHEREAREMOREVEHICLESTHANTHEROADCANACCOMMODATEDEMANDSUPPLYITMAYALSOBECAUSEDBYABOTTLENECKEG,MERGINGORWEAVINGAREAS,ONRAMPS,ROADTRAFFICCRASHES,ANDCONSTRUCTIONWORKSONASECTIONOFTHEROADWAYCONGESTIONISUNDESIRABLEANDMAYCAUSEDELAY,ENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION,NOISEANDEVENFRUSTRATEMOTORISTSANDCOMMUTERSWHICHALSOHAVEHEALTHIMPLICATIONSITMAYALSOLEADTOROADTRAFFICCRASHESANDDEGRADATIONOFTHEROADINFRASTRUCTUREWHEREASCONGESTIONCAUSEDBYBOTTLENECKSCANBERESOLVEDBYSIMPLYREMOVINGTHEBOTTLENECK,CONGESTIONRESULTINGFROMCAPACITYPROBLEMAREMORECHALLENGINGTODEALWITHTRADITIONALATTEMPTSTODEALWITHTHEISSUEHAVEFOCUSEDONBUILDINGNEWROADSANDEXPANDINGEXISTINGONESMEANWHILE,THECEASELESSINCREASEINDEMANDFORMOBILITYHASALSOMEANTTHATTRAFFICKEEPSONINCREASINGBUDGETARYCONSTRAINTSANDSPACEMAKEITPRACTICALLYUNFEASIBLETOEXPANDTHEROADINFRASTRUCTUREEVERYTIMETOCATERFORTHEGROWINGTRAFFICDEMAND,ANDITISNOWNOTCONSIDEREDASAVIABLEOPTIONEXPANSIONOFEXISTINGORCONSTRUCTIONOFNEWROADSDOESNOTHAVEONLYFINANCIALBURDENONTHEGOVERNMENT,BUTALSOSOCIALIMPACTONTHECOMMUNITYDISPLACEMENTANDRESETTLEMENTOFTHEAFFECTEDRESIDENTS,RELOCATIONOFBUSINESSESANDCOMMUNITYSERVICESEG,PARKSANDCHURCHESMAYHAVESOCIALANDPSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTSDUETOTHEDISRUPTIONOFSOCIALRELATIONSHIP,ANDESTABLISHINGRELATIONSHIPSINANEWSOCIALENVIRONMENT1,2STUDIESHAVECHANGEABLEMESSAGESIGNS,ETCINTHELITERATUREUSEDYNAMICSPEEDLIMITSTOCONTROLTRAFFICBASEDONTHEPREVAILINGTRAFFICCONDITION2,14,15,16FURTHERTOTHESPEEDLIMITS,SOMEVSLSYSTEMSMAYDISPLAYINFORMATIONSIGNSWHICHPROVIDEWARNINGONPOTENTIALLYDANGEROUSCONDITIONSONTHEWAYOTHERINFORMATIONSUCHASCONSTRUCTIONWORKS,DELAY,TRAVELTIME,ANDROUTEGUIDANCECOULDALSOBESHOWNBYAVSLSYSTEMTHEVSLCONTROLDEVICE,WHICHISMOSTLYINSTALLEDONOVERHEADGANTRIESACROSSTHECARRIAGEWAY,MAYALSOIMPLEMENTDYNAMICTRUCKRESTRICTIONSWHICHREQUIREHEAVYGOODSVEHICLESNOTTOOVERTAKEORUSEDESIGNATEDLANESDURINGPEAKPERIODSFIG1SHOWSANEXAMPLEOFVARIABLESPEEDLIMITORCHANGEABLEMESSAGESIGNSSYSTEMINGERMANYDYNAMICNAVIGATIONSYSTEMSINVEHICLEORMOUNTEDNAVIGATIONDEVICESAREALSOUSEDTOPROVIDEMOTORISTSSTATICORDYNAMICROUTEGUIDANCESTATICROUTEGUIDANCEISCONCERNEDWITHPROVIDINGNAVIGATIONALASSISTANCETOMOTORISTSWHOMAYBEUNFAMILIARWITHAROADNETWORKAGEOGRAPHICALDATABASEOFTHEROADNETWORKANDITSCHARACTERISTICSSUCHASSPEEDLIMITS,DISTANCES,ANDROADCLASSISREQUIREDHERE,THETRAFFICSITUATIONISNOTTAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONROUTINGISMAINLYDEPENDENTONTHESHORTESTORDIRECTTRAVELTIMEPATHTOTHEDESTINATIONDYNAMICNAVIGATIONALSYSTEMS,ONTHEOTHERHAND,TAKEINTOCONSIDERATION,THETRAFFICSITUATIONINDECIDINGTHEMINIMALTIMEROUTEINFORMATIONONTHEPREVAILINGTRAFFICCONDITIONISUPDATEDINREALTIMEDYNAMICROUTEGUIDANCESYSTEMISSEENASEFFICIENTWAYOFMANAGINGNETWORKTRAFFICFIG1EXAMPLEOFVARIABLESPEEDLIMITORCHANGEABLEMESSAGESIGNSSYSTEMINGERMANY

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簡介：ERP系統(tǒng)在財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制的作用作者約翰J莫里斯堪薩斯州立大學(xué)【摘要】薩班斯奧克斯利法案法例中強(qiáng)調(diào)，ERP系統(tǒng)的重要作用是運(yùn)用內(nèi)部控制反映公司的基本建設(shè)，為此ERP系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)供應(yīng)商也增加了對(duì)內(nèi)部控制的應(yīng)用。他們認(rèn)為，這些內(nèi)置的控制和其他功能將幫助企業(yè)改善其財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制就如薩班斯法案要求的那樣。這項(xiàng)研究測(cè)試，通過檢查薩班斯法案第404條在1994年和2003年之間實(shí)施ERP系統(tǒng)的公司合規(guī)內(nèi)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)。其結(jié)果表明，應(yīng)用ERP的公司相對(duì)于未應(yīng)用ERP的樣本公司較少報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制弱點(diǎn)。它還發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種差異存在一般控制和特別控制中。關(guān)鍵詞企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃；ERP；薩班斯奧克斯利法案；薩班斯法案第404條；內(nèi)部控制1簡介2002年的薩班斯法案要求企業(yè)將其內(nèi)部控制的有效性的報(bào)告與財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告作為一個(gè)整體努力，以減少欺詐和恢復(fù)完整的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告過程的一部分。ERP系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)供應(yīng)商已強(qiáng)調(diào)，ERP系統(tǒng)的重要作用是運(yùn)用“內(nèi)置”控制反映公司基本建設(shè)。他們?cè)跔I銷理念強(qiáng)調(diào)了產(chǎn)品的功能，聲稱這些系統(tǒng)將幫助企業(yè)按薩班斯法案所要求提高內(nèi)部控制的有效性。這些供應(yīng)商的聲明激發(fā)了關(guān)于ERP系統(tǒng)對(duì)內(nèi)部控制的影響一項(xiàng)有趣的實(shí)證問題研究。具體來說，是不是實(shí)現(xiàn)ERP系統(tǒng)的企業(yè)或多或少可能比未實(shí)現(xiàn)ERP系統(tǒng)的公司較少在其年度報(bào)告報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制弱點(diǎn)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行過這特定區(qū)域研究的經(jīng)驗(yàn)/檔案相對(duì)較少的，因?yàn)橹八_班斯法案內(nèi)部控制的數(shù)據(jù)并沒有被公開報(bào)道。這項(xiàng)研究的方法通過在文獻(xiàn)資料檢查一個(gè)已經(jīng)宣布實(shí)施ERP系統(tǒng)和一個(gè)還沒有類似的公司控制樣本公司的抽樣調(diào)查的內(nèi)部控制數(shù)據(jù)來發(fā)現(xiàn)差距。統(tǒng)的高成本，成為許多研究問題的基礎(chǔ)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了證據(jù)表明，ERP系統(tǒng)可能有助于改善內(nèi)部控制，這是在辯解的ERP系統(tǒng)使用成本高許多論據(jù)之一。這項(xiàng)研究被認(rèn)為是測(cè)試這些說法的第一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)/檔案，并提供在內(nèi)部控制弱點(diǎn)起作用的相關(guān)因素，無論是學(xué)術(shù)界和專業(yè)界都應(yīng)該會(huì)感興趣。舉例來說，最經(jīng)常提到的因素是會(huì)計(jì)文件，政策，和程序。正如預(yù)期的那樣，這一因素ERP企業(yè)比控制公司發(fā)現(xiàn)較少，也許在執(zhí)行文件系統(tǒng)的過程需要努力。這項(xiàng)研究還擴(kuò)展對(duì)IT和機(jī)構(gòu)之間關(guān)系的理論研究流，特別是內(nèi)部報(bào)告對(duì)金融市場(chǎng)的信號(hào)和ERP系統(tǒng)來推動(dòng)這一進(jìn)程的聯(lián)系。本文的其余部分組織如下第二節(jié)總結(jié)以前的研究和發(fā)展的假說，第三節(jié)介紹了數(shù)據(jù)選擇過程和研究方法，第四節(jié)實(shí)證結(jié)果，第五節(jié)總結(jié)。2以前的研究開發(fā)和假設(shè)內(nèi)部控制背景內(nèi)部控制在緩和企業(yè)多年來的代理問題起到了主要作用。SAMSON等其他人（2006）的幾個(gè)內(nèi)部控制的程序文件早在1831年被巴爾的摩和俄亥俄鐵路使用。在最近時(shí)期，內(nèi)部控制一直是當(dāng)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)世界著名的企業(yè)丑聞?dòng)懻摰闹黝}。例如，在20世紀(jì)70年代超過400家制作公司承認(rèn)有可疑或非法支付給外國政府官員，政治家和政黨，這導(dǎo)致了1977年外國腐敗行為法案在頒布。除其他事項(xiàng)外，F(xiàn)CPA要求上市公司制定和維護(hù)一個(gè)內(nèi)部會(huì)計(jì)控制制度（USC1998）。在20世紀(jì)80年代，一些高調(diào)審計(jì)失敗導(dǎo)致了反虛假委員會(huì)組織重新定義確定的內(nèi)部控制制度的有效性和內(nèi)部控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的委員會(huì)的成立（西蒙斯1997年）。他們研究的偶然因素，可能導(dǎo)致虛假財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告的建議，上市公司，獨(dú)立審計(jì)師，教育機(jī)構(gòu)，證券交易委員會(huì)和其他監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)（COSO，1985年）。他們的工作模型被定義為COSO內(nèi)部控制框架（西蒙斯，1997年）。在COSO框架大致定義為“一個(gè)過程，內(nèi)部控制的實(shí)體的董事會(huì)，管理層和其他

簡介：1本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文翻譯譯文譯文ASPASPASPASP介紹介紹你是否對(duì)靜態(tài)HTML網(wǎng)頁感到厭倦呢你是否想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁呢你是否想要你的網(wǎng)頁能夠數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲(chǔ)呢如果你回答“是”，ASP可能會(huì)幫你解決。在2002年5月，微軟預(yù)計(jì)世界上的ASP開發(fā)者將超過80萬。你可能會(huì)有一個(gè)疑問什么是ASP。不用著急，等你讀完這些，你講會(huì)知道ASP是什么，ASP如何工作以及它能為我們做什么。你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎讓我們一起去了解ASP。什么是什么是ASPASPASP為動(dòng)態(tài)服務(wù)器網(wǎng)頁。微軟在1996年12月推出動(dòng)態(tài)服務(wù)器網(wǎng)頁,版本是30。微軟公司的正式定義為“動(dòng)態(tài)服務(wù)器網(wǎng)頁是一個(gè)開放的、編輯自由的應(yīng)用環(huán)境,你可以將HTML、腳本、可重用的元件來創(chuàng)建動(dòng)態(tài)的以及強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)方案。動(dòng)態(tài)服務(wù)器網(wǎng)頁服務(wù)器端腳本,IIS能夠以支持JSCRIPT和VBSCRIPT?！?。換句話說,ASP是微軟技術(shù)開發(fā)的,能使您可以通過腳本如VBSCRIPTJSCRIPT的幫助創(chuàng)建動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)站。微軟的網(wǎng)站服務(wù)器都支持ASP技術(shù)并且是免費(fèi)的。如果你有WINDOWNT40服務(wù)器安裝,你可以下載IIS（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)器）30或40。如果你正在使用的WINDOWS2000,IIS50是它的一個(gè)免費(fèi)的組件。如果你是WINDOWS95/98,你可以下載個(gè)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器PWS,這是比IIS小的一個(gè)版本，可以從WINDOWS95/98CD中安裝，你也可以從微軟的網(wǎng)站上免費(fèi)下載這些產(chǎn)品。好了，您已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了什么是ASP技術(shù)，接下來，您將學(xué)習(xí)ASP文件。它和HTML文件相同嗎讓我們開始研究它吧。什么是什么是ASPASP文件文件一個(gè)ASP文件和一個(gè)HTML文件非常相似，它包含文本，HTML標(biāo)簽以及腳本，這些都在服務(wù)器中，廣泛用在ASP網(wǎng)頁上的腳本語言有2種，分別是VBSCRIPT和JSCRIPT，VBSCRIPT與VISUALBASIC非常相似，而JSCRIPT是微軟JAVASCRIPT的版本。盡管如此，VBSCRIPT是ASP默認(rèn)的腳本語言。另外，這兩種腳本語言，只要你安裝了ACTIVEX腳本引擎，你可以使用任意一個(gè)，例如PERLSCRIPT。HTML文件和ASP文件的不同點(diǎn)是ASP文件有“ASP”擴(kuò)展名。此外，HTML標(biāo)簽和ASP代碼的腳本分隔符也不同。一個(gè)腳本分隔符,標(biāo)志著一個(gè)單位的開始和結(jié)束。HTML標(biāo)簽以小于號(hào)結(jié)束，而ASP以結(jié)束，兩者之間是服務(wù)端腳本。本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯3例如,一個(gè)客戶類型在瀏覽器輸入一個(gè)網(wǎng)址。瀏覽器從網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器端請(qǐng)求ASP頁面。服務(wù)器獲得以“ASP”擴(kuò)展名的文件到ASP引擎中，這個(gè)引擎能使得對(duì)象或ACTIVEX組件被用來擴(kuò)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器應(yīng)用特性。此外,ASP使用ADO連接到一個(gè)SQL數(shù)據(jù)庫,（SQL,ACCESS,ORACLE,等等,取出相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù),如一個(gè)特定區(qū)域當(dāng)前的天氣。因此,可以根據(jù)指定的區(qū)域和時(shí)間，不同的網(wǎng)頁被存取。然后,服務(wù)器生成HTML標(biāo)簽,然后再把它發(fā)給客戶端。因此,當(dāng)你查看ASP文件時(shí),你將看到和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的HTML文件沒什么兩樣。ASP包括五個(gè)內(nèi)置對(duì)象7請(qǐng)求從用戶中通過HTML請(qǐng)求來獲取信息,反應(yīng)輸出客戶所請(qǐng)求的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器控制互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息服務(wù)器會(huì)話對(duì)于給定的用戶會(huì)話保存特定的變量申請(qǐng)保存一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的資料，比如一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁計(jì)數(shù)器你已經(jīng)知道了ASP技術(shù)的工作原理。難道不精彩嗎你可能想知道如何使它工作,你需要怎樣才能讓它實(shí)現(xiàn)。在下一節(jié)里,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方法。怎樣使它工作怎樣使它工作首先,你需要設(shè)置一個(gè)環(huán)境,在那里你可以執(zhí)行你的腳本,那就是你需要設(shè)置你

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