簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文5200字出處出處MEHROTRAA,MUZZIOFJCOMPARINGMIXINGPERFORMANCEOFUNIAXIALANDBIAXIALBINBLENDERSJPOWDERTECHNOLOGY,2009,196117比較單軸和雙軸料倉(cāng)攪拌機(jī)的混合性能AMEHROTRA,FJMUZZIO摘要對(duì)許多研究人員來(lái)說(shuō)參與混合動(dòng)力研究仍然是一個(gè)感興趣的主題，然而理論不發(fā)達(dá)，大部分設(shè)計(jì)都建立在經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上。在許多行業(yè),包括藥品,大部分混合機(jī)器是“翻滾攪拌機(jī)”。滾筒中有空容器,部分裝滿了材料。一一些常見的例子包括臥式滾筒攪拌機(jī)，V型攪拌機(jī)，雙錐攪拌機(jī)和料倉(cāng)攪拌機(jī)。在所有這些攪拌機(jī)而均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的塊,通常透過一個(gè)對(duì)流混合過程、混合橫向軸向方向驅(qū)動(dòng),然而比較慢。在本文中,我們實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了新翻滾旋轉(zhuǎn)攪拌機(jī)，它對(duì)水平軸滾運(yùn)動(dòng)和中央對(duì)稱（旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究?；旌戏勰┖托阅艿年P(guān)鍵影響的基本參數(shù)包括攪拌器幾何速度、填充水平、加載模式以及軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。本文中乙酰氨基酚是用作原料及常用的賦形劑和乳糖微晶纖維素等?；旌虾笤嚇雍罄媒t外光譜分析獲取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)以確定作曲的分布。結(jié)果表明,在軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)下幾乎所有粉末均勻交融。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞粉末混合內(nèi)聚力攪拌器混合器相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差NIR對(duì)乙酰氨基酚1簡(jiǎn)介粒子混合是必不可少的步驟,在各種應(yīng)用中跨越了陶瓷、食品、玻璃、冶金、聚合物和醫(yī)藥行業(yè)。盡管歷史悠久的干固體混合或者也許因?yàn)樗?比較所知甚少3。一種常見的批量工業(yè)混合機(jī)是將攪拌器打開,將顆粒流因重力結(jié)合而后旋轉(zhuǎn)。雖然該攪拌器是一個(gè)很常見用于混合，隔離的設(shè)備,但這些混合設(shè)備很大程度上只是基于實(shí)證的方法。滾筒式烘干機(jī)雖然作為最普遍的批量攪拌機(jī)應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè)中,而使用的人同時(shí)也希望能找到其它實(shí)施烘干機(jī)、鍍膜機(jī)、磨坊機(jī)、遭粒機(jī)48，而新型材料在旋轉(zhuǎn)鼓中的混合已經(jīng)廣泛地開始研究了9、10,然而這些材料的系統(tǒng)粘性還不完全被人所理解。很少有人了解基本參數(shù)的影響,如攪拌器幾何、速度、填充水平、加載模式和軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)粘性對(duì)粉混合性能上的要求。然而傳統(tǒng)滾筒式烘干機(jī),它們都有一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)，就是繞著水平軸,當(dāng)均勻旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的塊透過一個(gè)對(duì)流混合過程、混合橫向軸向方向分散,致使驅(qū)動(dòng)過程通常較慢。在本文中,我們實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了水平軸滾運(yùn)動(dòng)和中央對(duì)稱軸（旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)新對(duì)混合旋轉(zhuǎn)性能的影響。在圖2B中攪拌器顯示兩個(gè)軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度是中央對(duì)稱軸繞水平軸向速率的一半。223實(shí)驗(yàn)方法在實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用兩種類型的初始粉加載自上而下加載和側(cè)面加載,如圖3。為了避免結(jié)塊，對(duì)乙酰氨基酚被放入攪拌器中通過,并在篩網(wǎng)選擇35個(gè)樣本參考點(diǎn)。為了描述該過程,用混合槽提取攪拌機(jī)樣品的采樣方法選取75,15,30,60和120格點(diǎn)。仔細(xì)的進(jìn)行篩選,并在每點(diǎn)提取的樣品放在攪拌器中來(lái)減少振動(dòng)。約7次采樣,并從每個(gè)點(diǎn)開始共設(shè)5個(gè)被用于采樣的時(shí)間,最后將總體35個(gè)采樣繪制如圖4。該實(shí)驗(yàn)研究計(jì)劃如下填補(bǔ)等級(jí)攪拌器160填補(bǔ)等級(jí)攪拌器260,70,80加載方式攪拌器1兩側(cè)面載荷、自上而下載入加載方式攪拌器2兩側(cè)面載荷、自上而下載入速度攪拌機(jī)1每分鐘20,25轉(zhuǎn)速度攪拌器2旋轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)速15/75,每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)速30/15采樣時(shí)間攪拌機(jī)第1，27530,60,120轉(zhuǎn)3結(jié)果均勻性指數(shù)是相對(duì)C濃度的每個(gè)樣本,的平均濃度樣品和總數(shù)是在給定樣C品進(jìn)行采樣時(shí)間的N。相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差，而SCS122????NNCCN我們之前有研究填補(bǔ)水平的影響,所有將攪拌器打開,將填補(bǔ)的材料扔到雙錐攪拌器中進(jìn)行攪拌11。所有上述攪拌機(jī)只有一個(gè)軸的旋轉(zhuǎn),因此本研究的目的在于探究混合的雙軸的影響。為了避免重復(fù),本攪拌器1不進(jìn)行填補(bǔ)水平的研究。根據(jù)在以前的研究中使用MGST作為示蹤表明的結(jié)果來(lái)看,室內(nèi)單軸攪拌機(jī)混合下來(lái)的填滿水平大大超過70。此外,也可以假定對(duì)乙酰氨基酚類的研究結(jié)果似在此前的研究中獲得11,13,作為一個(gè)單一的軸矩形本攪拌器11,此結(jié)果表明,即使在幾百次改革中所實(shí)現(xiàn)的均勻的80填補(bǔ)水平仍然很差。檢查填補(bǔ)水平是否影響雙軸攪拌機(jī)得實(shí)驗(yàn),我們分別進(jìn)行了自上而下對(duì)攪拌器進(jìn)行加載的格局，即轉(zhuǎn)速為每分鐘15和75。從檢查填充水平的角度來(lái)看,

簡(jiǎn)介：3900英文單詞，英文單詞，2萬(wàn)英文字符，中文萬(wàn)英文字符，中文6400字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處AMINIS,LOTFIM,PAKTINATH,ETALCHARACTERIZATIONOFVIBRATORYTURNINGINCUTTINGZONEUSINGAPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICEJENGINEERINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ANINTERNATIONALJOURNAL,2017,202403410CHARACTERIZATIONOFVIBRATORYTURNINGINCUTTINGZONEUSINGAPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICESAEIDAMINI,MOHAMMADLOTFI,HOSSEINPAKTINAT,MOHSENKAZEMIYOUNABSTRACTSHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHARETWOCRUCIALPARAMETERSINMECHANICSOFMETALCUTTINGTHESETWOPARAMETERSDIRECTLYINFLUENCEMACHINABILITYFACTORSSUCHASCUTTINGFORCESTHUS,SHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHWEREINVESTIGATEDINVIBRATORYTURNINGPROCESSBYUSINGAPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICEWHICHWASDESIGNEDANDFABRICATED,INTHISSTUDYAFTERPREPARATIONOFULTRASONICASSISTEDTURNINGSETUP,EXPERIMENTALTESTSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTONTWOTYPESOFSTEELAISI1060ANDAISI304ACCORDINGLY,THEPROCESSOFCHIPFORMATIONINEACHPARTICULARCUTTINGTESTWASQUICKLYSTOPPEDWHENDEFORMEDCHIPWASSTILLINCONTACTWITHWORKPIECEASARESULT,ITWASREVEALEDTHATADDEDLINEARVIBRATIONLEADSTHETURNINGOPERATIONTOBEIMPROVEDBYINCREASEOFSHEARANGLEANDDECREASEOFSTICKINGLENGTHMOREOVER,THEEFFECTOFULTRASONICVIBRATIONONCUTTINGFORCEANDCHIPMICROHARDNESSISEVALUATEDKEYWORDSSHEARANGLESTICKINGLENGTHULTRASONICVIBRATORYTURNINGQUICKSTOPMICROHARDNESS1INTRODUCTIONCHIPREMOVALPROCESSUSINGACUTTINGTOOLISENTITLEDMACHININGOPERATIONINOTHERWORDS,UNWANTEDMATERIALSARECUTFROMARAWMATERIALANDTHEDESIREDDIMENSIONSAREACHIEVEDONESPECIALSTATEOFMACHININGISORTHOGONALCUTTINGPROCESSWHERETHEREARETWOMOSTIMPORTANTDEFORMATIONZONESNAMEDPRIMARYANDSECONDARYSHEARZONES1–3,ASSHOWNINFIG1INTHEPRIMARYZONEABCO,BYADVANCINGOFCUTTINGEDGEINTOTHEWORKPIECE,CHIPISFORMEDUNDERASHEARANGLEUTHEANGLEATWHICHTHECHIPISSEPARATEDFROMTHEWORKPIECEISCALLEDSHEARANGLEWHICHDETERMINESMANYESSENTIALASPECTSOFTHECUTTINGMECHANICSSUCHASTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHECUTTINGFORCE,THESPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYANDTHEFINISHEDSURFACELARGERSHEARANGLESPRODUCESMALLERCUTTINGFORCE,FURTHERCONTINUOUSANDTHINCHIPANDBETTERSURFACEQUALITY4–6INTHESECONDARYZONEOCD,DEFORMEDCHIPMOVESONTHETOOLRAKESURFACEUNTILCHIPSEPARATIONHAPPENS4ACCORDINGTOTHEEXPERIMENTALANDANALYTICALSTUDIESCARRIEDOUTBY7–9ANDPHOTOELASTICANALYSISPERFORMEDBY10,11,ITISPROVEDTHATTHEREARETWOZONESINTOOLCHIPCONTACTREGIONSECONDARYZONE,STICKINGANDSLIDING,RESPECTIVELYINSTICKINGREGION,CHIPISSUBJECTEDTOHIGHPRESSURETEMPERATURECONTACTATOMICCONTACTCLOSETOTHETOOLTIPASUSUAL,CONTACTSHEARSTRESSISASSUMEDTOHAVEUNIFORMDISTRIBUTIONANDMAXIMUMVALUE,INTHISREGION7,8HIGHPRESSURENEARTHEHEADOFCUTTINGEDGECAUSESREALANDAPPARENTCONTACTAREASTOBEAPPROXIMATELYEQUALFORSOMEDISTANCEALONGTHETOOLRAKEFACEINTHISZONE,THEFRICTIONFORCEISEQUALTOTHESHEARSTRENGTHOFCHIPINSLIDINGREGION,THEREMAININGCONTACTAREA,ASREFERREDITSNAME,CHIPHASARELATIVEMOTIONONTOOLRAKEFACE,THEREBYPRESSUREISDROPPEDDOWNLEADINGTHEFRICTIONTOTHECOULOMBFRICTIONALCONDITION1,7,8,11,12SINCETHECONTACTCONDITIONBETWEENTOOLANDCHIPISANIMPORTANTISSUE,STUDYOFTHISREGIONISBEINGONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTERESTSOFRESEARCHERSBAHIETAL13PROPOSEDAHYBRIDANALYTICAL–NUMERICALMODELTOSTUDYTHETOOLCHIPINTERFACETHEYALSODISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFCUTTINGFROMTHEPOINTOFMECHANICSOFMETALCUTTINGANDPREVIOUSSTUDIES,WHATEVERTHESTICKINGLENGTHTOBESMALLERANDSHEARANGLETOBELARGER,PERFORMANCEOFCUTTINGPROCESSIMPROVESONTHEOTHERHAND,INVESTIGATIONOFTHESETWOPARAMETERSSPECIALLYSTICKINGLENGTHHASRARELYBEENCARRIEDOUTUNDERULTRASONICVIBRATIONSTHEREFORE,INTHISSTUDY,ANATTEMPTISMADETOANALYZETHESETWOPARAMETERSINUATACCORDINGLY,AQUICKSTOPDEVICEQSDWASDESIGNEDANDFABRICATEDANDEXPERIMENTALTESTSWEREACCOMPLISHEDONTWOTYPESOFSTEELINTHEFOLLOWING,SHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHCOUPLEDWITHCUTTINGFORCESWEREMEASUREDINUATANDCOMPAREDWITHTHOSEOBTAINEDINCTMOREOVER,THEINFLUENCEOFTURNINGMETHODSONMICROHARDNESSOFDEFORMEDCHIPISSTUDIED2MATERIALSANDMETHODS21DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFVIBRATORYTOOLSHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHCANBEMEASUREDINEXPERIMENTIFTHECUTTINGTOOLISQUICKLYDRIVENOUTFROMTHEENGAGEMENTWHEREDEFORMEDCHIPISSTILLINCONTACTWITHWORKPIECETHISOPERATIONISCOMMONLYCARRIEDOUTBYTHEHELPOFAQUICKSTOPDEVICEHOWEVER,ASPECIALFEATURENEEDSTOBEDESIGNEDANDFABRICATEDINAWAYTHATITTAKESVIBRATORYTURNINGTOOLAWAYFROMTHEMACHININGREGIONTODESIGNAVIBRATORYTOOLCONSISTSOFANULTRASONICTRANSDUCER,BOOSTER,HORNANDCUTTINGTOOL,HORNWASMODELEDANDMODALANALYSISWASCARRIEDOUTINABAQUSSOFTWARETHISANALYSISISNECESSARYBECAUSETHERESONANCEFREQUENCYOFHORNPARTSHOULDBECOMPATIBLEWITHTHEONEPRODUCESBYTRANSDUCERANDBOOSTERTHERESONANCEFREQUENCYOFTRANSDUCERUSEDINTHISSTUDYWAS20±05KHZFINALLY,THEDESIGNEDHORNWASMADEOFSTAINLESSSTEELTABLE1,INWHICHITSRESONANCEFREQUENCYWAS20450HZFIG2FURTHERMORE,ASCHEMEOFASSEMBLEDVIBRATORYTOOLISDISPLAYEDINFIG3TABLE1MECHANICALPROPERTIESOFHORNPARTMATERIALDENSITYKG/M3ELASTICITYMODULEGPAPOISSON’SRATIOAISI3048000193029FIG2MODALANALYSISANDTHEDESIGNEDHORN22DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFQSDASSHOWNINFIG4,ASPECIALPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICEWASDESIGNEDINACCORDANCEWITHWEIGHTANDSIZEOFVIBRATORYTOOLITCONSISTSOFFOLLOWINGMAINPARTSFIXTURESPNEUMATICJACKANDPINLSHAPEPLANEBUSHJOINTSGUIDESSTOPSCREWANDMAINBODYTHEWAYOFTHEIRFUNCTIONSARESEPARATELYDESCRIBEDASFOLLOWSLSHAPEPLANEISACONNECTIVEBODYWHEREFIXTURE,PNEUMATICJACK,PIN,ANDJOINTSAREC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簡(jiǎn)介：FULLLENGTHARTICLECHARACTERIZATIONOFVIBRATORYTURNINGINCUTTINGZONEUSINGAPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICESAEIDAMINI?,MOHAMMADLOTFI,HOSSEINPAKTINAT,MOHSENKAZEMIYOUNDEPARTMENTOFMANUFACTURING,FACULTYOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFKASHAN,KASHAN,IRANARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED3NOVEMBER2016REVISED2MARCH2017ACCEPTED10MARCH2017AVAILABLEONLINE24MARCH2017KEYWORDSSHEARANGLESTICKINGLENGTHULTRASONICVIBRATORYTURNINGQUICKSTOPMICROHARDNESSABSTRACTSHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHARETWOCRUCIALPARAMETERSINMECHANICSOFMETALCUTTINGTHESETWOPARAMETERSDIRECTLYINFLUENCEMACHINABILITYFACTORSSUCHASCUTTINGFORCESTHUS,SHEARANGLEANDSTICKINGLENGTHWEREINVESTIGATEDINVIBRATORYTURNINGPROCESSBYUSINGAPNEUMATICQUICKSTOPDEVICEWHICHWASDESIGNEDANDFABRICATED,INTHISSTUDYAFTERPREPARATIONOFULTRASONICASSISTEDTURNINGSETUP,EXPERIMENTALTESTSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTONTWOTYPESOFSTEELAISI1060ANDAISI304ACCORDINGLY,THEPROCESSOFCHIPFORMATIONINEACHPARTICULARCUTTINGTESTWASQUICKLYSTOPPEDWHENDEFORMEDCHIPWASSTILLINCONTACTWITHWORKPIECEASARESULT,ITWASREVEALEDTHATADDEDLINEARVIBRATIONLEADSTHETURNINGOPERATIONTOBEIMPROVEDBYINCREASEOFSHEARANGLEANDDECREASEOFSTICKINGLENGTHMOREOVER,THEEFFECTOFULTRASONICVIBRATIONONCUTTINGFORCEANDCHIPMICROHARDNESSISEVALUATED?2017KARABUKUNIVERSITYPUBLISHINGSERVICESBYELSEVIERBVTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/1INTRODUCTIONCHIPREMOVALPROCESSUSINGACUTTINGTOOLISENTITLEDMACHININGOPERATIONINOTHERWORDS,UNWANTEDMATERIALSARECUTFROMARAWMATERIALANDTHEDESIREDDIMENSIONSAREACHIEVEDONESPECIALSTATEOFMACHININGISORTHOGONALCUTTINGPROCESSWHERETHEREARETWOMOSTIMPORTANTDEFORMATIONZONESNAMEDPRIMARYANDSECONDARYSHEARZONES1–3,ASSHOWNINFIG1INTHEPRIMARYZONEABCO,BYADVANCINGOFCUTTINGEDGEINTOTHEWORKPIECE,CHIPISFORMEDUNDERASHEARANGLEUTHEANGLEATWHICHTHECHIPISSEPARATEDFROMTHEWORKPIECEISCALLEDSHEARANGLEWHICHDETERMINESMANYESSENTIALASPECTSOFTHECUTTINGMECHANICSSUCHASTHEMAGNITUDEOFTHECUTTINGFORCE,THESPECIFICCUTTINGENERGYANDTHEFINISHEDSURFACELARGERSHEARANGLESPRODUCESMALLERCUTTINGFORCE,FURTHERCONTINUOUSANDTHINCHIPANDBETTERSURFACEQUALITY4–6INTHESECONDARYZONEOCD,DEFORMEDCHIPMOVESONTHETOOLRAKESURFACEUNTILCHIPSEPARATIONHAPPENS4ACCORDINGTOTHEEXPERIMENTALANDANALYTICALSTUDIESCARRIEDOUTBY7–9ANDPHOTOELASTICANALYSISPERFORMEDBY10,11,ITISPROVEDTHATTHEREARETWOZONESINTOOLCHIPCONTACTREGIONSECONDARYZONE,STICKINGANDSLIDING,RESPECTIVELYINSTICKINGREGION,CHIPISSUBJECTEDTOHIGHPRESSURETEMPERATURECONTACTATOMICCONTACTCLOSETOTHETOOLTIPASUSUAL,CONTACTSHEARSTRESSISASSUMEDTOHAVEUNIFORMDISTRIBUTIONANDMAXIMUMVALUE,INTHISREGION7,8HIGHPRESSURENEARTHEHEADOFCUTTINGEDGECAUSESREALANDAPPARENTCONTACTAREASTOBEAPPROXIMATELYEQUALFORSOMEDISTANCEALONGTHETOOLRAKEFACEINTHISZONE,THEFRICTIONFORCEISEQUALTOTHESHEARSTRENGTHOFCHIPINSLIDINGREGION,THEREMAININGCONTACTAREA,ASREFERREDITSNAME,CHIPHASARELATIVEMOTIONONTOOLRAKEFACE,THEREBYPRESSUREISDROPPEDDOWNLEADINGTHEFRICTIONTOTHECOULOMBFRICTIONALCONDITION1,7,8,11,12SINCETHECONTACTCONDITIONBETWEENTOOLANDCHIPISANIMPORTANTISSUE,STUDYOFTHISREGIONISBEINGONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTINTERESTSOFRESEARCHERSBAHIETAL13PROPOSEDAHYBRIDANALYTICAL–NUMERICALMODELTOSTUDYTHETOOLCHIPINTERFACETHEYALSODISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFCUTTINGPARAMETERSONSTICKINGLENGTHTOROPOVANDKO14INTRODUCEDANEWMETHODBASEDONSLIPLINESOLUTIONFORPREDICTIONOFTOOLCHIPCONTACTLENGTHINANOTHERWORK,THEEFFECTOFCUTTINGCONDITIONSONFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTANDTOOLCHIPCONTACTLENGTHWEREREPORTEDBYOZLUETAL9ITWASCLAIMEDTHATINHIGHCUTTINGSPEEDSTHETOOLCHIPCONTACTLENGTHISMOSTLYSLIDINGANDSTICKINGLENGTHCANREACHUPTO15OFCONTACTLENGTHFORMOSTPRACTICALCUTTINGCONDITIONSBESIDES,ITHASBEENPROVEDTHATADDINGULTRASONICVIBRATIONTOTHECONVENTIONALMACHININGHASPOSITIVELYACERTAININFLUENCEONMACHININGPERFORMANCESUCHASREDUCINGGENERATEDCUTTINGFORCES,SURFACEROUGHNESS,ANDTOOLWEAR15–17INTHISTECHNIQUE,HTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JJESTCH20170300322150986/?2017KARABUKUNIVERSITYPUBLISHINGSERVICESBYELSEVIERBVTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEUNDERTHECCBYNCNDLICENSEHTTP//CREATIVECOMMONSORG/LICENSES/BYNCND/40/?CORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSAMINISKASHANUACIRSAMINIPEERREVIEWUNDERRESPONSIBILITYOFKARABUKUNIVERSITYENGINEERINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ANINTERNATIONALJOURNAL202017403–410CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTENGINEERINGSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ANINTERNATIONALJOURNALJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/JESTCH23EXPERIMENTALSETUPASITISILLUSTRATEDINFIG5B,FABRICATEDVIBRATORYTOOLCOUPLEDWITHITSPNEUMATICQSDWEREASSEMBLEDANDMOUNTEDONTHESUPPORTOFLATHEMACHINEEXPERIMENTALTESTSWERECONDUCTEDONAISI1060STEELANDAISI304STAINLESSSTEELTOPREPAREWORKPIECES,THETUBEOFSTEELSWEREALTERNATIVELYFASTENEDINTOTHECHUCKOFLATHEMACHINETHEN,THEINNERANDOUTERDIAMETEROFEACHPARTICULARTUBEWASTURNEDTO456MMAND47MM,RESPECTIVELYTHEUSUALCHATTERVIBRATIONSEXISTEDINTURNINGPROCESSCOULDAFFECTTHEACCURACYOFTHEOPERATION,SINCETHETHICKNESSOFTUBEIS07MMTHEREFORE,ASPECIALFIXTUREWASUTILIZEDTOSOLVETHISPROBLEMSFIG5BAFLATFACEDCEMENTEDCARBIDEINSERTDCMW11T308MADEBYZCCCOMPANY,WASUSEDINTHISSTUDYNOTETHAT,TOMEETORTHOGONALCUTTINGPROCESS,THEINSERTNOSEHASBEENDRIVENOUTFROMTHEENGAGEMENTWITHWORKMATERIALDURINGTHEEXPERIMENTSASITISILLUSTRATEDINFIG5A,AMU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簡(jiǎn)介：COMPARINGMIXINGPERFORMANCEOFUNIAXIALANDBIAXIALBINBLENDERSAMITMEHROTRA,FERNANDOJMUZZIO?DEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALANDBIOCHEMICALENGINEERING,RUTGERSUNIVERSITY,PISCATAWAY,NJ,08855,UNITEDSTATESABSTRACTARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED17FEBRUARY2009RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM30MAY2009ACCEPTED14JUNE2009AVAILABLEONLINE27JUNE2009KEYWORDSPOWDERMIXINGCOHESIONBLENDERMIXERRELATIVESTANDARDDEVIATIONNIRACETAMINOPHENTHEDYNAMICSINVOLVEDINPOWDERMIXINGREMAINSATOPICOFINTERESTFORMANYRESEARCHERSHOWEVERTHETHEORYSTILLREMAINSUNDERDEVELOPEDMOSTOFTHEMIXERSARESTILLDESIGNEDANDSCALEDUPONEMPIRICALBASISINMANYINDUSTRIES,INCLUDINGPHARMACEUTICAL,THEMAJORITYOFBLENDINGISPERFORMEDUSING“TUMBLINGMIXERS”TUMBLINGMIXERSAREHOLLOWCONTAINERSWHICHAREPARTIALLYLOADEDWITHMATERIALSANDROTATEDFORSOMENUMBEROFREVOLUTIONSSOMECOMMONEXAMPLESINCLUDEHORIZONTALDRUMMIXERS,VBLENDERS,DOUBLECONEBLENDERSANDBINBLENDERSINALLTHESEMIXERSWHILEHOMOGENIZATIONINTHEDIRECTIONOFROTATIONISFAST,MEDIATEDBYACONVECTIVEMIXINGPROCESS,MIXINGINTHEHORIZONTALAXIALDIRECTION,DRIVENBYADISPERSIVEPROCESS,ISOFTENMUCHSLOWERINTHISPAPER,WEEXPERIMENTALLYINVESTIGATEANEWTUMBLINGMIXERTHATROTATESWITHRESPECTTOTWOAXESAHORIZONTALAXISTUMBLINGMOTION,ANDACENTRALSYMMETRYAXISSPINNINGMOTIONADETAILEDSTUDYISCONDUCTEDONMIXINGPERFORMANCEOFPOWDERSANDTHEEFFECTOFCRITICALFUNDAMENTALPARAMETERSINCLUDINGBLENDERGEOMETRY,SPEED,FILLLEVEL,PRESENCEOFBAFFLES,LOADINGPATTERN,ANDAXISOFROTATIONINTHISWORKACETAMINOPHENISUSEDASTHEACTIVEPHARMACEUTICALINGREDIENTANDTHEFORMULATIONCONTAINSCOMMONLYUSEDEXCIPIENTSSUCHASAVICELANDLACTOSETHEMIXINGEFFICIENCYISCHARACTERIZEDBYEXTRACTINGSAMPLESAFTERPREDETERMINEDNUMBEROFREVOLUTIONS,ANDANALYZINGTHEMUSINGNEARINFRAREDSPECTROSCOPYTODETERMINECOMPOSITIONALDISTRIBUTIONRESULTSSHOWTHEIMPORTANCEOFPROCESSVARIABLESINCLUDINGTHEAXISOFROTATIONONHOMOGENEITYOFPOWDERBLENDS?2009ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONPARTICLEBLENDINGISAREQUIREDSTEPINAVARIETYOFAPPLICATIONSSPANNINGTHECERAMIC,FOOD,GLASS,METALLURGICAL,POLYMERS,ANDPHARMACEUTICALSINDUSTRIESDESPITETHELONGHISTORYOFDRYSOLIDSMIXINGORPERHAPSBECAUSEOFIT,COMPARATIVELYLITTLEISKNOWNOFTHEMECHANISMSINVOLVED1–3ACOMMONTYPEOFBATCHINDUSTRIALMIXERISTHETUMBLINGBLENDER,WHEREGRAINSFLOWBYACOMBINATIONOFGRAVITYANDVESSELROTATIONALTHOUGHTHETUMBLINGBLENDERISAVERYCOMMONDEVICE,MIXINGANDSEGREGATIONMECHANISMSINTHESEDEVICESARENOTFULLYUNDERSTOODANDTHEDESIGNOFBLENDINGEQUIPMENTISLARGELYBASEDONEMPIRICALMETHODSTUMBLERSARETHEMOSTCOMMONBATCHMIXERSININDUSTRY,ANDALSOFINDUSEINMYRIADOFAPPLICATIONASDRYERS,KILNS,COATERS,MILLSANDGRANULATORS4–8WHILEFREEFLOWINGMATERIALSINROTATINGDRUMSHAVEBEENEXTENSIVELYSTUDIED9,10,COHESIVEGRANULARFLOWSINTHESESYSTEMSARESTILLNOTCOMPLETELYUNDERSTOODLITTLEISKNOWNABOUTTHEEFFECTOFFUNDAMENTALPARAMETERSSUCHASBLENDERGEOMETRY,SPEED,FILLLEVEL,PRESENCEOFBAFFLES,LOADINGPATTERNANDAXISOFROTATIONONMIXINGPERFORMANCEOFCOHESIVEPOWDERSORTHESCALINGREQUIREMENTSOFTHEDEVICESHOWEVER,CONVENTIONALTUMBLERS,ROTATINGAROUNDAHORIZONTALAXIS,ALLSHAREANIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICWHILEHOMOGENIZATIONINTHEDIRECTIONOFROTATIONISFAST,MEDIATEDBYACONVECTIVEMIXINGPROCESS,MIXINGINTHEHORIZONTALAXIALDIRECTION,DRIVENBYADISPERSIVEPROCESS,ISOFTENMUCHSLOWERINTHISPAPER,WEEXPERIMENTALLYINVESTIGATEANEWTUMBLINGMIXERTHATROTATESWITHRESPECTTOTWOAXESAHORIZONTALAXISTUMBLINGMOTION,ANDACENTRALSYMMETRYAXISSPINNINGMOTIONWEEXAMINETHEEFFECTSOFFILLLEVEL,MIXINGTIME,LOADINGPATTERNANDAXISOFROTATIONONTHEMIXINGPERFORMANCEOFAFREEFLOWINGMATRIXOFFASTFLOLACTOSEANDAVICEL102,CONTAININGAMODERATELYCOHESIVEAPI,MICRONIZEDACETAMINOPHENWEUSEEXTENSIVESAMPLINGTOCHARACTERIZEMIXINGBYTRACKINGTHEEVOLUTIONOFACETAMINOPHENHOMOGENEITYUSINGANEARINFRAREDSPECTROSCOPYDETECTIONMETHODAFTERMATERIALSANDMETHODSAREDESCRIBEDINSECTION2,RESULTSAREPRESENTEDINSECTION3,FOLLOWEDBYCONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS,WHICHAREPRESENTEDINSECTION42MATERIALSANDMETHODSTHEMATERIALSUSEDINTHESTUDYARELISTEDINTABLE1,ALONGWITHTHEIRSIZEANDMORPHOLOGYACETAMINOPHENISBLENDEDWITHCOMMONLYUSEDEXCIPIENTSANDISUSEDASATRACERTOEVALUATETHEDEGREEOFHOMOGENEITYACHIEVEDASAFUNCTIONOFNUMBEROFREVOLUTIONSACETAMINOPHENISONEOFTHEDRUGSMOSTWIDELYUSEDINMIXINGSTUDIES,ANDAVICELANDLACTOSEARECOMMONLYUSEDPHARMACEUTICALPOWDERTECHNOLOGY19620091–7?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL17324453357FAX17324452581EMAILADDRESSMUZZIOSOLRUTGERSEDUFJMUZZIO00325910/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2009ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JPOWTEC200906008CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTPOWDERTECHNOLOGYJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/POWTECFIG2PICTORIALREPRESENTATIONOFABINBLENDER1ANDBBINBLENDER2SHOWINGTHECORRESPONDINGAXISOFROTATIONFIG3SCHEMATICOFTHELOADINGPATTERNUSEDINTHESTUDYINTOP–BOTTOMLOADING,AVICELISLOADEDFIRSTINTOTHEBLENDERFOLLOWEDBYLACTOSEONTOPOFITANDFINALLYACETAMINOPHENISUNIFORMLYSIEVEDOVERINSIDE–SIDELOADINGAVICELISPLACEDATTHEBOTTOMANDTHENACETAMINOPHENISONLYSIEVEDONLYINHALFPARTOFTHEBLENDERANDISSANDWICHEDBETWEENLACTOSEANDAVICELFIG4ATHIEFSAMPLERBTOPVIEWOFTHESAMPLINGPOSITIONSCHEMEFIG5MIXINGCURVESFORDIFFERENTFILLLEVELSINBLENDER2THERSDOFACETAMINOPHENISPLOTTEDASAFUNCTIONOFNUMBEROFREVOLUTIONSTHELOADINGPATTERNINTOPBOTTOMANDTHEBLENDERROTATIONALSPEEDIS15RPMWITHSPINNINGSPEEDOF75RPM3AMEHROTRA,FJMUZZIO/POWDERTECHNOLOGY19620091–7

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