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簡(jiǎn)介：INVESTIGATIONONHYDROGENPRODUCTIONUSINGMULTICOMPONENTALUMINUMALLOYSATMILDCONDITIONSANDITSMECHANISMHUIHUWANGA,YINGCHANGB,SHIJIEDONGA,,ZHIFENGLEIA,QINGBIAOZHUB,PINGLUOA,ZHIXIONGXIEAASCHOOLOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,HUBEIUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,LIZHIROAD,WUHANCITY,HUBEIPROVINCE,WUHAN430068,PRCHINABSCHOOLOFCHEMICALENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,HUBEIUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,WUHAN,PRCHINAARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED20AUGUST2012RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM5NOVEMBER2012ACCEPTED6NOVEMBER2012AVAILABLEONLINEXXXKEYWORDSALALLOYMECHANICALALLOYINGHYDROGENABSTRACTASERIESOFALALLOYSWITHLOWMELTINGPOINTMETALSGA,IN,SNASALLOYELEMENTSWEREFABRICATEDUSINGMECHANICALALLOYINGMETHODTHEPHASECOMPOSITIONSANDMORPHOLOGIESOFDIFFERENTALALLOYSWERECHARACTERIZEDBYXRDANDSEMTECHNIQUESTHEREACTIONOFTHEALALLOYSWITHWATERFORHYDROGENEVOLVINGATMILDCONDITIONSATROOMTEMPERATUREINNEUTRALWATERWASSTUDIEDTHERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEREWERENOHYDROGENYIELDSFORBINARYALEGA,ALEIN,ALESNANDTHETERNARYALEGAESNALLOYSTHEHYDROGENYIELDSWEREOBSERVEDFORALEGAEINANDALEINESNTERNARYALLOYSTHEALEINESNALLOYSSHOWEDANEVENFASTERHYDROGENGENERATIONRATEANDHIGHERYIELDSTHANALEGAEINALLOYSBASEDONTHETERNARYALEGAEINANDALEINESNSYSTEM,THEHYDROGENPRODUCTIONPROPERTYOFQUATERNARYALEGAEINESNWASGREATLYIMPROVEDTHEHYDROGENCONVERSIONEFFICIENCYOFTHEOPTIMIZEDALE3GAE3INE5SNALLOYWASNEARLY100INTAPWATERTHEHIGHESTHYDROGENGENERATIONRATEREACHED1560ML/GMININDISTILLEDWATERORDEIONIZEDWATERITWASSUGGESTEDTHATBOTHTHEEMBRITTLEMENTOFALBYLIQUIDGAEINESNEUTECTICANDTHEACTIVEPOINTSFORMEDBYINTERMETALLICCOMPOUNDSIN3SNANDINSN4MAYBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHEHIGHACTIVITYOFALEGAEINESNALLOYSATROOMTEMPERATURECOPYRIGHTa2012,HYDROGENENERGYPUBLICATIONS,LLCPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONTHEDEPLETIONOFFOSSILFUELANDENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSARISINGINTHEGLOBALHASPROMOTEDANURGENTDEMANDFORTHECLEANANDRENEWABLEENERGYSUPPLYNOWADAYSAMONGDIFFERENTFUELS,HYDROGENPOWERHASPROVEDTOBETHECLEANESTANDTHEMOSTLIKELYALTERNATIVEENERGYTOREPLACEFOSSILFUELINTHEPASTTWODECADES,SEVERALMETHODSINCLUDINGBIOLOGICAL1,WATERELECTROLYSIS2,3,WATERSPLITTING4,ANDSTEAM/PARTIALOXIDATION5,6HAVEBEENDEVELOPEDTOPRODUCEHYDROGENHOWEVER,THELOWCONVERSIONEFFICIENCY,HIGHCOST,NONCLEANPREPARATIONPROCESS,ASWELLASTHETRANSPORTATIONANDSTORAGEOFHYDROGENLIMITEDTHEIRAPPLICATIONSRECENTLY,AMETHODBASEDONTHEINTERACTIONOFLIGHTWEIGHTMETALSANDTHEIRHYDRIDESWITHWATERFORHYDROGENGENERATIONHASATTRACTEDMOREANDMOREATTENTIONITISCONSIDEREDASTHEMOSTPERSPECTIVEANDCLOSETOPRACTICALREALIZATION7AMONGTHESESUBSTANCES,ALISTHEMOSTPOTENTIALCANDIDATEMATERIALFORHYDROGENGENERATIONASITISCHEAP,AVAILABLE,ENVIRONMENTALLYSAFE,ANDUSABLEASTHEHYDROGENGENERATORFORPORTABLEDEVICESINADDITION,THEREACTANTSOFHYDROLYSISREACTIONOFALCANBEEASILYCYCLEDVIATHEHALLEHE′ROULTPROCESS8HOWEVER,ITISKNOWNTHATTHETHINOXIDELAYERFORMEDONTHEALSURFACECANPREVENTTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENALANDCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL/FAXT8602788032313EMAILADDRESSESWANGHUIHU126COMHWANG,DONGSJSJMAILHUSTEDUCNSDONGAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/HEINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFHYDROGENENERGYXXX20121E8PLEASECITETHISARTICLEINPRESSASWANGH,ETAL,INVESTIGATIONONHYDROGENPRODUCTIONUSINGMULTICOMPONENTALUMINUMALLOYSATMILDCONDITIONSANDITSMECHANISM,INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFHYDROGENENERGY2012,HTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JIJHYDENE20121103403603199/ESEEFRONTMATTERCOPYRIGHTa2012,HYDROGENENERGYPUBLICATIONS,LLCPUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDHTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JIJHYDENE2012110343RESULTSANDDISCUSSION31BINARYALUMINUMALLOYBINARYALALLOYSINCLUDINGALEGA,ALEIN,ANDALESNHAVEBEENPREPAREDTHECONTENTOFALLOYELEMENTSWAS3WT,5WT,7WT,AND10WT,RESPECTIVELYTHECORRESPONDINGHYDROLYSISABILITYOFTHESEALALLOYSWASEXAMINEDINTAPWATERATROOMTEMPERATURETHEEXPERIMENTSREVEALEDTHATNOHYDROGENYIELDSWEREOBTAINED,WHICHINDICATEDTHATSINGLEGA,IN,SNALLOYELEMENTCOULDN’TACTIVATEALTOPRODUCEHYDROGENATMILDCONDITIONSINTHISEXPERIMENT32TERNARYALUMINUMALLOYINORDERTOFURTHERACTIVATEAL,TERNARYALALLOYSWEREFABRICATEDTHECOMPOSITIONOFDIFFERENTALALLOYSWASSHOWNINTABLE1FORALEGAESNALLOYS,NOHYDROGENYIELDSWEREFOUND,WHICHWASSIMILARTOBINARYALALLOYSFORALEGAEINANDALEINESNALLOYS,THEREACTIONWITHWATERFORHYDROGENEVOLVINGWASOBSERVED,ASSHOWNINFIG1FIG1ASHOWSTHATTHEFINALHYDROGENYIELDOFALEGAEINALLOYSWASRELATEDTOTHECONTENTOFGAANDINTHEALE3GAE3INALLOYSSHOWSTHEHIGHESTHYDROGENYIELDSFURTHERMORE,INISMUCHMOREFAVORABLEFORTHEHYDROLYSISOFALALLOYSWITHINCREASINGINCONTENT,THEHYDROGENYIELDENHANCESFORALLALEGAEINALLOYS,THEREACTIONENDSATAROUND15MINFIG1BSHOWSTHEHYDROGENYIELDSOFALEINESNALLOYSWITHTAPWATERTHECONTENTOFSNISINRANGEFROM3WTTO10WTHIGHERHYDROGENYIELDSAREOBTAINEDWITHTHEINCREASEOFSNTO7WT,WHILEALITTLEDECREASEOFHYDROGENYIELDSWHENTHECONTENTOFSNREACHES10WTCOMPAREDWITHALEGAEINALLOYS,ALLALEINESNALLOYSDEMONSTRATESTHEHIGHERHYDROGENYIELDSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEALEINESNALLOYSHAVEMORERAPIDHYDROLYSISREACTIONRATETHEREACTIONENDSIN5MINFORFURTHERCOMPARISON,THEHYDROGENGENERATIONRATEOFALE3GAE3INANDALE3INE3SNISSHOWNINFIG2THEHIGHESTRATEFORALE3INE3SNREACHES180ML/GMIN,WHILETHATOFTHEALE3GAE3INALLOYISONLY25ML/GMINTHEHYDROLYSISRESULTSOFTERNARYALALLOYSDEMONSTRATETHESYNERGICEFFECTOFDIFFERENTALLOYELEMENTSFORACTIVATINGALONTHEOTHERHAND,THECOMBINATIONOFALLOYELEMENTSEXHIBITSDIFFERENTINFLUENCESONTHEFINALHYDROLYSISRESULTSFIG3SHOWSTHEXRDPATTERNSOFTERNARYALALLOYSALLSAMPLESCONTAINTHECRYSTALLINEALPHASEGAPHASEISN’TFOUNDINALALLOYSINTHEPATTERNSTHISMAYBEATTRIBUTEDTOTHELOWMELTINGPOINTOFGA298?CANDITSEUTECTICALLOYLOWERTHAN12?CWHENINANDSNAREINTRODUCEDTOGA17,18DURINGTHEMECHANICALALLOYINGPROCESS,GAANDITSEUTECTICALLOYPRESENTSASLIQUIDSTATEWHICHMAYEASILYATTACHONTHESURFACEOFBALLANDTHEMILLINGTANKTOMAKEALOSSFURTHERMORE,APARTOFGAMAYFORMSOLIDSOLUTIONWITHALTHEREFORE,THEREISNOAPPARENTDIFFRACTIONPEAKSRELATEDTOGAORITSALLOYSASTHELOWAMOUNTOFGAINTHISEXPERIMENTSIMILARPHENOMENONWASALSOOBSERVEDINALALLOYSEVENWITHHIGHGAAMOUNT5INTHEOTHERLITERATURE17,22HOWEVER,THEDIFFRACTIONPEAKSOFINANDSNPHASEFIG2ETHEHYDROGENGENERATIONRATEOFALE3GAE3INANDALE3INE3SNALLOYSFIG3ETHEXRDPATTERNSOFTERNARYALEGAEIN,ALEINESN,ANDALEGAESNALLOYSTABLE2EELEMENTSCOMPOSITIONOFQUATERNARYALALLOYSANDITSHYDROGENEVOLVINGPROPERTIESNOELEMENTSCOMPOSITIONWTHYDROGENYIELDSMLHIGHESTGENERATIONRATEML/GMINCONVERSIONEFFICIENCYALGAINSN191333100064088272893351100108099233873377408806832484331073064068INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFHYDROGENENERGYXXX20121E83PLEASECITETHISARTICLEINPRESSASWANGH,ETAL,INVESTIGATIONONHYDROGENPRODUCTIONUSINGMULTICOMPONENTALUMINUMALLOYSATMILDCONDITIONSANDITSMECHANISM,INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFHYDROGENENERGY2012,HTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JIJHYDENE201211034
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簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文5790字出處出處ELECTRONICS,ROBOTICSANDAUTOMOTIVEMECHANICSCONFERENCE,2009CERMA09IEEE,2009187192AXEBOTROBOTTHEMECHANICALDESIGNFORANAUTONOMOUSOMNIDIRECTIONALMOBILEROBOTTIAGOPDONASCIMENTO,AUGUSTOLOUREIRODACOSTA,CRISTIANECORREAPAIMPOSTGRADUATIONPROGRAMINELECTRICALENGINEERINGUNIVERSIDADEFEDERALDABAHIASALVADOR,BAHIA,BRASILTIAGOPNIEEEORG,AUGUSTOLOUREIROUFBABR,CPAIMUFBABRABSTRACTTHEAXEBOTROBOT’SMECHANICALDESIGN,AFULLYAUTONOMOUSMOBILEROBOT,FORTHEROBOCUPSMALLSIZELEAGUE,ISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERTHEAXEBOTROBOTUSESTHREEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELSFORMOVEMENTANDISEQUIPPEDBYASHOOTINGDEVICEFORSHOOTINGTHEBALLINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSONCETHEAXEBOTROBOTISAFULLYAUTONOMOUSMOBILEROBOTALLTHESENSORS,ENGINES,SERVOS,BATTERIES,ANDTHECOMPUTERSYSTEM,MUSTBEEMBEDDEDONTHEPROJECTCANBESEPARATEDINFOURDIFFERENTPARTSTHECHASSISDESIGN,THEWHEELDESIGN,THESHOOTINGDEVICEDESIGNANDTHEOVERALLASSEMBLYWHICHMAKESASHELLDESIGNPOSSIBLETOCOVERTHEWHOLEROBOTTHEAXEBOTMECHANICALDESIGNBRINGSUPANEWCHASSISCONCEPTFORTHREEWHEELSOMNIDIRECTIONALROBOT,ALSOPRESENTANEWSHOOTINGDEVICE,ANDFINALLYPRESENTAXEBOTSPROTOTYPEASSEMBLY1INTRODUCTIONTHEROBOCUPINITIATIVEISANINTERNATIONALRESEARCHGROUPWHOSEAIMSARETOPROMOTETHEFIELDSOFROBOTICSANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEASTANDARDCHALLENGE,ASOCCERMATCHPERFORMEDBYAUTONOMOUSROBOTTEAMS,WASPROPOSEDIN19961INITIALLYWITHTHREEDIFFERENTLEAGUES2DROBOTSOCCERSIMULATIONLEAGUE,SMALLSIZEROBOTLEAGUE,ANDMIDDLESIZEROBOTLEAGUENOWADAYSTHESELEAGUESHAVEBEENINCREASEDUPTOFOURLEGGEDLEAGUE,HUMANOIDLEAGUE,MIDDLESIZELEAGUE,ROBOCUPJUNIORSOCCER,SMALLSIZELEAGUE,SOCCERSIMULATION,STANDARDROBOTLEAGUEALSO,ANOTHERCHALLENGE,THEROBOCUPRESCUEWASPROPOSEDIN1999TOSHOWTHATTHERESULTFROMTHEROBOTSOCCERRESEARCHCOULDBEDIRECTLYAPPLIEDONAREALWORLDPROBLEMLIKEADISASTERRESCUEMADEBYROBOTSTHROUGHTHEINTEGRATIONOFTECHNOLOGYANDADVANCEDCOMPUTERALGORITHMS,THEGOALOFROBOCUPISTOBUILDATEAMOFHUMANOIDROBOTSTHATCANBEATTHECURRENTWORLDCUPCHAMPIONSBYTHEYEAR2050THEAXEBOTUSESTHREEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELS,POSITIONEDONACIRCLEWITHANANGLEOF120OAMONGEACHWHEEL,TOMOVEINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSTHREEMAXXONA22MOTORSAREUSEDTODRIVETHEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELS,ONEMOTORPERWHEELTHESEMOTORSARECONTROLLEDBYTWOBRAINSTEMMOTO10ANDACASCADECONTROLLERMADETOCONTROLTHEROBOTTRAJECTORY23THEAXEBOTALSOHOLDSASHOOTINGDEVICETOKICKTHEBALLINGETASTIFFERANDSTRONGERCHASSIS,ASECONDCHASSISPART,THEUPPERCHASSIS,ISMODELEDTHISISALMOSTANEXACTCOPYOFTHEFIRSTPART,ONLYNOWTHEREARE3CUTOUTSTHATPROVIDEMORESPACEFORPLACINGTHECOMPONENTSOFTHEROBOTTHESECUTOUTSALSOSAVESOMEMATERIALANDTHEREFOREWEIGHTTHEBOTHPARTSARETHISSANDWICHCONSTRUCTIONGIVESTHEWHOLECHASSISMORESTIFFNESS,ANDSOTHETOTALTHICKNESSOFBOTHTHECHASSISCANPROBABLYBELOWERTHANUSINGONECHASSISPARTFIGURE1LOWERCHASSISFIGURE2UPPERANDLOWERCHASSISATTACHEDTOEACHOTHER23CHASSISMOULDTOBUILDTHESEPARTS,AMOULDWASMADETHISISJUSTANEGATIVEOFTHEACTUALROBOTPARTSINFIGURE3THEMOULDOFTHEUPPERCHASSISTOCHANGETHISMOULDINTHEMOULDFORTHELOWERCHASSIS,WHERETHEGROUNDPLATEDOESNOTHAVEHOLES,THEINDICATEDPIECESWITHWHITESTRIPESANDTHENOTINDICATEDLEFTPIECESYMMETRICTOTHEMOSTRIGHTPARTSHOULDBELOWERED4MMFORTHEUPPERANDLOWERCHASSIS,THEBASISMOULDISEXACTLYTHESAMEONLYPIECEONEANDTWOAREDIFFERENTFORTHETWOCHASSIS,THEMOTORPIECEANDTHESHOOTINGSYSTEMPIECEARETHESAMEFIGURE3CHASSISMOULD3WHEELSTHEAXEBOTROBOTISEQUIPPEDWITHTHREEWHEELSPOSITIONEDONACIRCLEWITHANANGLEOF120°AMONGATTACHEDTOEACHOTHERASSHOWNINTHEPICTUREBELOWEACHWHEELTHESEWHEELSHAVETOENABLETHEOMNIDIRECTIONALITYOFTHEAXEBOTROBOTTHISMEANSTHATTHEWHEELSHAVETOBEABLETOLETTHEROBOTMAKETWOTRANSLATIONALMOVEMENTSINXANDYDIRECTION,SEEFIGURE4WITHOUTROTATINGTHEROBOTAROUNDITSZAXISTHEAXISPERPENDICULARTOTHEYANDXAXIS,THATISROTATIONINFIGURE4THEWHEELSHAVEALSOTOENABLEAROTATIONOFTHETOTALROBOTAROUNDTHEZAXIS
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