簡介：質(zhì)子交換膜的研究進(jìn)展質(zhì)子交換膜的研究進(jìn)展摘要質(zhì)子交換膜一直以來都是質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池中的研究重點(diǎn)，在過去的幾十年間質(zhì)子交換膜的種類不斷增加，其性能也不斷提高。目前，質(zhì)子交換膜種類主要分為以下幾種（1）全氟磺酸（PFSA）型質(zhì)子交換膜及其改性膜；（2）磺化聚合物質(zhì)子交換膜；（3）磷酸摻雜聚合物膜；（4）基于聚苯并咪唑的質(zhì)子交換膜，本文對這幾種質(zhì)子交換膜的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了綜述。關(guān)鍵詞質(zhì)子交換膜；改性；研究進(jìn)展。RESEARCHPROGRESSOFPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEABSTRACTPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEHASALWAYSBEENARESEARCHFOCUSINPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEFUELCELLINTHEPASTDECADES,THENUMBEROFPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEHASINCREASEDANDITSPERFORMANCEHASBEENIMPROVEDCONSTANTLYATPRESENT,THETYPESOFPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEAREMAINLYDIVIDEDINTOTHEFOLLOWINGTYPES1PERFLUOROSULFONICACIDPFSAPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEANDITSMODIFIEDMEMBRANE2SULFONATEDPOLYMERPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANE3PHOSPHORICDOPEDPOLYMERFILM4BASEDONTHEPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANEOFPOLYBENZIMIDAZOLE,THISPAPERREVIEWSTHERESEARCHPROGRESSOFTHESESEVERALPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANESKEYWORDSPROTONEXCHANGEMEMBRANETHEMODIFICATIONRESEARCHPROGRESS化學(xué)電源結(jié)課論文第2頁共18頁側(cè)鏈比NAFION系列膜側(cè)鏈更加短，DOW系列膜結(jié)構(gòu)更為穩(wěn)定，用于燃料電池中性能優(yōu)于NAFION系列膜。但是由于DOW系列膜在制備過程中的單體合成更加困難，所以其價(jià)格也遠(yuǎn)高于NAFION系列膜。圖1NAFION膜和DOW膜的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)式PFSA型質(zhì)子交換膜具有很好的質(zhì)子導(dǎo)電性，但是這種高的質(zhì)子導(dǎo)電率的前提條件是膜需要保持適當(dāng)?shù)臐穸?。PFSA型質(zhì)子交換膜中的磺酸基團(tuán)在干燥或者低濕度條件下本身并不能電解出H，在適當(dāng)?shù)臐穸葪l件下全氟磺酸膜里的磺酸基團(tuán)才能夠電離出H。PFSA型質(zhì)子交換膜分子鏈結(jié)構(gòu)中主鏈碳氟鏈結(jié)構(gòu)具有疏水性，而側(cè)鏈的磺酸基團(tuán)具有親水性，當(dāng)膜吸收水分后，水分子會聚集到親水的磺酸基團(tuán)周圍。膜中的水通過控制膜內(nèi)質(zhì)子通道的構(gòu)造、尺寸和聯(lián)通性來影響膜的質(zhì)子電導(dǎo)率。當(dāng)膜吸收足夠多的水時(shí)，膜內(nèi)會形成充滿水的親水相和疏水相1。此時(shí)當(dāng)膜中水含量很低時(shí)，膜中水會形成孤立的親水聚集相而不會形成聯(lián)通的質(zhì)子通道。此時(shí)，質(zhì)子在膜中的傳遞是以GROTTHUSSMECHANISM機(jī)理傳遞2，即質(zhì)子沿著氫鍵從一個(gè)分子跳躍到另一個(gè)分子進(jìn)行質(zhì)子傳遞。然而當(dāng)膜中有足夠的水含量時(shí)，膜中的親水相形成聯(lián)通的質(zhì)子通道，此時(shí)質(zhì)子在膜中主要以VEHICLE

簡介：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)畢業(yè)論文題目包頭北奔重型汽車有限公司重卡營銷策略的研究學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號專業(yè)工商管理班級指導(dǎo)教師內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文說明書IIMARKETINGSTRATEGYOFBAOTOUBEIBENHEAVYTRUCKENTERPRISESHEAVYTRUCKABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNATIONALECONOMICANDIMPROVEMENTOFPEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDS,THEGOVERNMENTINCREASINGLYFOCUSEDONBUILDINGANEWCOUNTRYSIDETOPROMOTECOORDINATEDDEVELOPMENTANDNARROWTHEURBANRURAL,REGIONALDISPARITIESTHEGOVERNMENTADOPTEDHOMEAPPLIANCESANDAUTOMOBILECOUNTRYSIDEPOLICIESINORDERTOTHOROUGHLYIMPLEMENTTHESCIENTIFICCONCEPTOFDEVELOPMENT,ACTIVELYEXPANDDOMESTICDEMANDANDCONSUMERRESPONSETOTHEPEASANTSUPGRADENEWTRENDLIGHTWEIGHTANDMOTIVATIONOFTHETRUCKHAVEANIMPORTANTEFFECTONHEAVYTRUCK,ANDUPTOTHESTATEANDLOCALIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEROADMAINTENANCEFEECHARGINGPOLICYCANCELEDANDWEIGHTCHARGEINGNEARLYTWOYEARSTBEIBENHEAVYTRUCK,ASTHEWELLKNOWNBRANDOFHIGHGRADEHEAVYTRUCK,HOWWILLFACESUCHCHALLENGESANDOPPORTUNITIESCOMPETITIONAMONGENTERPRISESISLARGELYDEPENDSONMARKETINGCAPABILITIESENTERPRISEOBJECTIVESWHETHERCANBEACHIEVEDDEPENDSONTHETARGETMARKETSNEEDSANDDESIRESTHATAREMADERIGHTJUDGMENTSWHETHERCANTAKEMOREEFFECTIVEWAYTHANCOMPETITORSTOMEETCONSUMERDEMANDWHETHERTHEORGANIZATIONALBENEFITS,CUSTOMERNEEDSANDINTERESTSOFTHECOMMUNITYCANCOMBINEORGANICLYTHEREFORE,AMARKETINGSTRATEGYRELATEDTOFLOURISHINGSUCCESSORFAILUREOFTHEENTERPRISEFORMULATINGAREASONABLEMARKETINGSTRATEGYISUTMOSTIMPORTANCEOFTHEENTERPRISESBASEDONTHEHEAVYTRUCKINDUSTRYMARKETANALYSIS,BEIBENCOMPANYANDCOMPETITORANALYSIS,SWOTANALYSISMETHODUSED,FROM4PTHATPRODUCT,PRICE,CHANNELS,COMMUNICATIONPOINTOFVIEW,TOFORMULATEAREASONABLEMARKETINGSTRATEGYFORTHECOMPANYANDFURTHERDEVELOPMENT。

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簡介：成人教育成人教育畢業(yè)論文畢業(yè)論文論文題目目化妝品盒蓋注射模設(shè)計(jì)化妝品盒蓋注射模設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)名稱稱機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及其自動(dòng)化機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及其自動(dòng)化學(xué)生姓名名趙志磊趙志磊、周宏偉、張海曉、周宏偉、張海曉指導(dǎo)教師姓名指導(dǎo)教師姓名張超峰張超峰指導(dǎo)教師職稱指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授副教授院系（點(diǎn)）（點(diǎn)）日期2015年4月25日目錄引言11模具概論211國內(nèi)外模具技術(shù)及發(fā)展212塑料注射模具的設(shè)計(jì)步驟413課程任務(wù)要求72設(shè)方案分析與計(jì)83化妝品盒蓋注射模的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)931塑料注射成型機(jī)的選擇932注射模具分型面的選擇1233注射模具分型面的選擇1334注射模具成型零件的模體設(shè)計(jì)1835注射模具的頂出機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)2236塑料注射模具的溫度調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)2437模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)254注射模加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)2741坯料確定2742模板的平面加工275塑料注射模具型腔常用加工方法及設(shè)備2951型腔的普通切削加工方法及設(shè)2952型腔的普通切削加工方法及設(shè)30結(jié)論33參考文獻(xiàn)34致謝35

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簡介：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文I北京市比木立方五層辦公樓框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)摘要本工程結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)為位于北京市5層框架結(jié)構(gòu)辦公樓，首先進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)選型布置和框架構(gòu)件材料的選擇，并預(yù)先估算出框架構(gòu)件尺寸，之后進(jìn)行了板的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并進(jìn)行荷載計(jì)算，利用分層法等方法求出所有荷載作用下的內(nèi)力作用，將求出的內(nèi)力作用進(jìn)行彎矩調(diào)幅、內(nèi)力調(diào)整等方法之后，進(jìn)而進(jìn)行內(nèi)力組合求出最不利組合作用，根據(jù)最不利組合作用進(jìn)行梁、柱截面設(shè)計(jì)，并對節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，最后進(jìn)行了基礎(chǔ)、樓梯的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞荷載計(jì)算，作用計(jì)算，效應(yīng)計(jì)算，內(nèi)力調(diào)整，內(nèi)力組合，截面配筋哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文III目錄摘要IABSTRACTII北京市比木立方五層辦公樓框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)ITHEFIVESTORYOFFICEBUILDINGOFBIMCUBEII目錄III第1章結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)概況111工程概況112建筑平面圖113結(jié)構(gòu)選型布置及計(jì)算簡圖2131構(gòu)件材料選擇3132構(gòu)件尺寸3第2章樓（屋）面板的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)621樓（屋）面板的結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算6211豎向荷載結(jié)算6212彈性理論計(jì)算7第3章第⑦軸橫向框架作用計(jì)算1931豎向荷載作用計(jì)算19311樓（屋）面恒荷載19312樓（屋）面可變荷載2332風(fēng)荷載計(jì)算2533水平地震作用計(jì)算26第4章第⑦軸橫向框架作用效應(yīng)計(jì)算3641豎向荷載下的內(nèi)力計(jì)算3642水平荷載作用下的內(nèi)力計(jì)算55421水平地震作用下的內(nèi)力計(jì)算55422風(fēng)荷載作用下的內(nèi)力計(jì)算6543內(nèi)力組合68431彎矩調(diào)幅68432內(nèi)力調(diào)整70第5章框架構(gòu)件的截面設(shè)計(jì)2451框架梁的截面設(shè)計(jì)2452柱截面設(shè)計(jì)3953節(jié)點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)56

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簡介：南京師范大學(xué)泰州學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）（2013屆）屆）題目目加熱爐的溫度調(diào)節(jié)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)院（系、部院（系、部）電力工程學(xué)院電力工程學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化姓名名學(xué)號號指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師南京師范大學(xué)泰州學(xué)院教務(wù)處南京師范大學(xué)泰州學(xué)院教務(wù)處南京師范大學(xué)泰州學(xué)院電力工程學(xué)院加熱爐的溫度調(diào)節(jié)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)IIABSTRACTTHETEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMISWIDELYUSEDINTHEFIELDOFINDUSTRIALCONTROL,SUCHASBOILERSTEELPLANT,MACHINERYPLANT,THETEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMINTHERMALPOWERPLANTRELAYCONTROLTECHNOLOGYISWIDELYUSEDINHEATINGFURNACEOFELECTRICCONTROLSYSTEMOFTHETRADITIONAL,DUETOREALIZELOGICCONTROLWITHFIXEDWIRINGOFHARDWARE,THECONTROLSYSTEMTOINCREASEINSIZE,POWERCONSUMPTION,EFFICIENCYISNOTHIGHANDISSUSCEPTIBLETOFAILURE,CANNOTGUARANTEETOPRODUCENORMALINDUSTRY,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERCONTROLTECHNOLOGY,THETRADITIONALRELAYCONTROLTECHNOLOGYMUSTBEBASEDONCOMPUTERTHEPLCCONTROLTECHNOLOGYTOREPLACETHETEMPERATUREOFTHEHEATINGFURNACEISALARGEINERTIASYSTEM,USINGPIDCONTROL,WITHTHEEXPANDINGOFPLCFUNCTIONINMANYPLCCONTROLLERSHASBEENEXPANDEDPIDCONTROLFUNCTION,ANDTHEEXCELLENTPERFORMANCEOFTHEPLCPLCCONTROLOFTHETEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEMOFECONOMICPERFORMANCEISSTABLEANDCONVENIENTMAINTENANCEBASEDONTHEDESIGNOFPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLER,THECONTROLSYSTEMOFHEATTREATMENTFURNACETEMPERATUREBYUSEOFMITSUBISHIFX2NTHEPLCTEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEM,INTRODUCESTHEDESIGNPROCESSOFHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREANDMITSUBISHIFX2NSYSTEMBASEDONA/D,INCLUDINGTHEDESIGNOFCONVERSION,TEMPERATUREDETECTION,INTEGRALSEPARATIONPIDALGORITHMANDZERODIGITALTRIGGERCIRCUITTHEHEATINGFURNACETEMPERATURESENSORINTOVOLTAGESIGNALINTOVOLTAGESIGNAL,PLCMAINCONTROLSYSTEMWITHINTHEA/DWILLBEBROUGHTINTOTHEDIGITALQUANTITYCANBEIDENTIFIEDBYPLC,THENUNDERCONSTANTTEMPERATUREDEVIATIONSFROMTHEACTUALTEMPERATUREOFTHEEKACCORDINGTOTHEINTEGRALSEPARATIONPIDCONTROLALGORITHM,GETTHEOUTPUTCONTROLQUANTITYOFUK,OUTPUTVALUEAFTERD/ACONVERSIONFROMANALOGOUTPUTVOLTAGEREGULATIONATBOTHENDSOFTHERESISTANCEWIREHEATINGFURNACE,VOLTAGE,TEMPERATUREOFTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEHEATINGFURNACETOACHIEVETHETARGETVALUEKEYWORDSPLC,TEMPERATURECONTROLSYSTEM,PID

簡介：復(fù)旦大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文加拿大一枝黃花的入侵生物學(xué)研究姓名馬淼申請學(xué)位級別博士專業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師李博20030429DEFOLIATIONWITHFOURPATTERNSCFNRESPECTIVELYINCREASETHEBIOMASSOFRHIZOMEANDWHOLEPLANTBY54％AND58％，110％AND87％，54％AND37％，65％AND65％．100％INTENSITYOFDEFOLIATIONSIGNIFICANTLYDEPRESSEDGROWTHOFTHEPLANT。SINCETHEPOPULATIONEXPANSIONOFTHEGOLDENROD，TOSOMEEXTENT，DEPENDSONITSCLONALGROWTH，25％INTENSITYOFDEFOLIATION，ESPECIALLYATHIGHSOILFERTILITYLEVEL，ISFAVORABLETOITSPOPULATIONGROWTH．CHANGEINSTOMATALCONDUCTANCECANPARTLYEXPLAINTHEEFFECTSOFDEFOLIATIONONNETPHOTOSYNTHETICRATE．ANDTHEDAMAGEDPLANTSMAYBEINDUCEDTOUSEAGREATERPROPORTIONOFTHEABSORBEDLIGHTENERGYFORPHOTOSYNTHESISASARESULTOFALTEREDCARBOHYDRATESOURCESINKRELATIONSHIPS．THUS，SUITABLEDENSITYOFNATURALENEMYPOPULATIONSHOULDBERELEASEDTOEFFECTIVELYCONTROLTHEINVADER．2．GENETICDIVERSITYOF顯CANADENSISWASINVESTIGATEDBYISSRMARKER．SAMPLESWERECOLLECTEDFROMYANGPUSECTIONANDCHONGMINGCOUNTYINSHANGHAI，NINGBO，SUZHOUANDWUHAN．THEEXPERIMENTSHOWEDTHATTHEREWASCONSIDERABLEGENETICVARIATIONINTHISSPECIES，PERCENTAGEOFPOLYMORPHICBANDSFPPBWAS79．22．LEVELSOFPOLYMORPHISMATPOPULATIONLEVELWITHPPBRANGEDFROM46．75TO57．14．THEGENETICIDENTITYWASHIGH0．91，BUTTHEGENETICSTRUCTUREOFEACHPOPULATIONSEEMEDINDEPENDENT．RESULTSOFTHEAMONGPOPULATIONANALYSISSHOWEDTHATTHEMAJORITYOFGENETICVARIATION77．02％RESIDEDWITHINPOPULATION，ANDONLYASMALLAMOUNTOFVARIATION22．98％1WASPRESENTAMONGPOPULATIONSGST2O．2298．THESEXUALANDASEXUALREPRODUCTIONHABITSOFTHEPLANTAREATTRIBUTABLETOTHELOWLEVELOFGENETICDIFFERENTIATIONAMONGPOPULATIONSANDTHEHIGHLEVELOFDIVERSITYWITHINPOPULATIONS．ITSHIGHADAPTATIONTODISTURBANCEEVENTSANDNOVELENVIRONMENTSMAYBEPARTIALLYDUETOITSHIGHLEVELOFGENETICDIVERSITY．3．RHIZOMESYSTEMOFSCANADENS捃ISOFTENAFFECTEDBYSOILDISTURBANCE．ANDTHETRANSPLANTINGOFTREESBETWEENAREASOFTENLEADSTOACCIDENTINTRODUCTIONSOFRHIZOMEFRAGMENTSOFTHESPECIES．WESIMULATEDFATESOFTHERHIZOMEFRAGMENTSAFTERACCIDENTINTRODUCTIONUNDERDIFFERENTLIGHTCONDITIONS，INDIFFERENTSOILTYPES，WITHDIFFERENTRHIZOMELENGTHANDDIFFERENTPLANTINGDEPTH．THERHIZOMESPROUTINGANDSEEDLINGGROWTHWEREINVESTIGATED．THERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHESUCCESSFULINVASIONOFSCANADENS括CANBEPARTLYATTRIBUTABLETOITSHIGHADAPTIVECAPACITYTOLLAWENVIRONMENTS，ANDHIGHTOLERANCETOENVIRONMENTALSⅡESSESE．G．，PLOWORDUMP．HIGHINTENSITYOFSUNLIGHTWASFAVORABLETOPOPULATIONESTABLISHMENTOFTHEPLANT．THESPROUTINGPERCENTAGEOFITSRHIZOMESWASRELATIVELYHIGH，ANDUPONEMERGENCE，THEPLANTSHOWEDLOWMORTALITY．THEINVASIVENESSOFTHESPECIESISVERYHIGHASFARAS5

簡介：學(xué)校代碼學(xué)號2006020361分類號密級本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）五彩繽紛的世界五彩繽紛的世界淺談辦公空間色彩搭配的合理性淺談辦公空間色彩搭配的合理性學(xué)院、系藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)系專業(yè)名稱環(huán)境藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)年級2006級學(xué)生姓名馮薌伊指導(dǎo)教師王珊珊2009年3月20日ABSTRACTWELIVEINTHISSPACE,ISACOLOROFTHEWORLD,THEWORLDISCONSTITUTEDBYTHECOLOR,NOCOLORTHEREWOULDBENOCOLORFULWORLD,MANHASADEEPCOLOROFTHEWORLDSNOSTALGICANDFEELINGSOFTHEENVIRONMENTINTHEOFFICESPACEDESIGN,SPACE,COLORENVIRONMENTEXPRESSIONISANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHEDESIGNANDEACHROOMHASITSOWNUNIQUECOLORIMPLICATION,SUCHASBLACKGIVESLONELINESS,BUTALSOTHEREISANOBLEANDDIGNIFIEDBROWNPEOPLETHINKOLDFASHIONED,BUTDIFFERENTCONCENTRATIONSOFBROWNNOTONLYFAILEDTOTHEOLDGLOOMY,BUTALSOPRODUCEASOMEWHATELEGANTBRIGHTREDPOWDERISTOOUNASSUMING,IFTHECOOLANDQUIETTUNE,ABLETOHIGHLIGHTTHEYOUNGANDLIVELYTHISWHITEYELLOWISHBROWNTOOMUCHPURER,IFANDHAPPINESSWARMHAND,CANEASILYREVEALYOUROWNELEGANTTHEREFORE,AGOODCONTROLOFCOLORINTHEAREAOFSPACE,HEATING,LIGHTING,DISTANCEANDSOTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCONTRASTISPARTICULARLYCRUCIALTHEUSEOFCOLOREMOTION,WARMANDCOLDCONTRAST,ANAREAOFCONFIGURATIONANDAVARIETYOFCOLORTECHNIQUESINAPLANNED,PURPOSEFULENVIRONMENTFORTHEMORALOFOFFICESPACECOLORDISPLAYTOUSERS,ANDALLOWUSERSTORECEIVETHEINFORMATIONCONVEYEDBYCOLORTOCREATEINTIMACYWITHTHECOLORENVIRONMENT,WHICHREFLECTSITSPERSONALITYANDCOMMONBUSINESSOPERATIONS,CREATINGAPLEASANTANDCOMFORTABLEOFFICESPACEKEYWORDSOFFICESPACE,COLOREXPRESSION,ENVIRONMENTALINFORMATION,SPATIALCOLOR

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簡介：渤海大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）制約我國電子商務(wù)發(fā)展因素探討制約我國電子商務(wù)發(fā)展因素探討DISCUSSIONONFACTORSTHATRESTRICTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINA’SECOMMERCE學(xué)院（系）管理學(xué)院物流管理系專業(yè)物流管理專業(yè)學(xué)號12102688學(xué)生姓名入學(xué)年度2009年9月指導(dǎo)教師完成日期2013年10月15日制約我國電子商務(wù)發(fā)展因素探討IIDISCUSSIONONFACTORSTHATRESTRICTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINA’SECOMMERCEABSTRACTECOMMERCEISDEVELOPINGRAPIDLYINTHEWORLDANDHASBECOMEANEWGROWTHPOINTOFECOMMERCEDEVELOPMENT,WITHGOVERNMENTSPAYHIGHLYATTENTIONONITECOMMERCEHASMAINTAINEDATRENDOFSUSTAINEDGROWTHINCHINAANDENTEREDASTAGEOFACCELERATEDDEVELOPMENT,HOWEVERCOMPAREDWITHDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESTHEREAREALOTOFPROBLEMSINCHINA’SECOMMERCEINORDERTOPARTICIPATEININTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONANDFOCUSONTHEFUTURE,WEMUSTCHANGESHORTTERMBEHAVIORINTHECURRENTECOMMERCEDEVELOPMENTFUNDAMENTALLY,CREATEANENVIRONMENTWHICHISCONDUCIVETOTHEGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTOFECOMMERCE,CHOOSEAWAYWHICHISSUITEDTOOURCOUNTRY’SCONDITIONTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFECOMMERCEDUETOTHESPECIALSITUATIONINCHINA,THEDEVELOPMENTOFECOMMERCEINCHINAISBOUNDTOENCOUNTEROBSTACLESMUCHGREATERTHANINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,SUCHASTHEMANYASPECTSOFECOMMERCEINFRASTRUCTURE,MARKETENVIRONMENT,POLICIESANDLEGALREQUIREMENTSSTILLCAN’TMEETTHEREQUIREMENTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECOMMERCEHOWEVER,WHETHERITISATALLLEVELSOFGOVERNMENTINCHINAORCHINA’SENTERPRISES,BOTHOFTHEMHASREACHACONSENSUSECOMMERCEISAFUNDAMENTALCHOICETOIMPROVECHINASENTERPRISESADAPTTOTHEMARKETCAPACITYANDINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIVENESS,ALSOITISANIMPORTANTOPPORTUNITYTOSHORTENTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTGAPBETWEENCHINAANDDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFGLOBALECOMMERCE,CHINASECOMMERCEISFACINGOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGES,THISPAPERDESCRIBESTHECURRENTDEVELOPMENTSTATUSOFECOMMERCEISSUES,POINTINGOUTTHATTHEEXISTINGCONSTRAINTSOFCHINASECOMMERCE,LOOKINGFORECOMMERCEDEVELOPMENTINLINEWITHCHINASNATIONALCONDITIONSCOUNTERMEASURESKEYWORDSELECTRONICCOMMERCE；RESTRAININGFACTOR；IMPROVINGMEASURE

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