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簡(jiǎn)介：2250單詞，單詞，12000英文字符，英文字符，4300漢字漢字出處出處ABDULAIRT,OWUSUANSAHALANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTANDLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYEVIDENCEFROMSTATESPONSOREDCOURTSYSTEMJHABITATINTERNATIONAL,2014,422131137LANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTANDLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYEVIDENCEFROMSTATESPONSOREDCOURTSYSTEMRAYMONDTABDULAI,ANTHONYOWUSUANSAHABSTRACTITISCOMMONLYARGUEDTHATLANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTVIALANDREGISTRATIONGUARANTEESLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYINTHEDEVELOPINGWORLDTHISHAS,THEREFORE,TRIGGEREDVARIOUSSTUDIESINTOTHERELATIONBETWEENLANDREGISTRATIONANDOWNERSHIPSECURITYTHEFINDINGSFROMTHESESTUDIESAREDIVERGENTWHILSTSOMESTUDIESCLAIMTHATITISLANDREGISTRATIONTHATGUARANTEESOWNERSHIPSECURITY,OTHERSHAVEESTABLISHEDNODISCERNIBLELINKBETWEENREGISTRATIONANDOWNERSHIPSECURITYTHISGROUNDBREAKINGSTUDYCONTRIBUTESTOTHEDEBATEBYINVESTIGATINGTHENEXUSBETWEENLANDREGISTRATIONANDOWNERSHIPSECURITYFROMANEWDIMENSIONITFOCUSESONTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHESTATESPONSOREDCOURTSYSTEMONOWNERSHIPSECURITYDATAFROMAHIGHCOURTINONEOFTHECITIESINGHANACOVERINGAPERIODOF10YEARSWASEXTRACTEDANDANALYZEDTHEEVIDENCEADDUCEDSHOWSTHATLANDREGISTRATIONPERSEISINCAPABLEOFGUARANTEEINGSECURITYASLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPCANBECONTESTEDWHETHERORNOTITISREGISTEREDANDOWNERSOFREGISTEREDLANDEDPROPERTYCANLOSETHEIROWNERSHIPVIACIVILLITIGATIONINTHESTATESPONSOREDCOURTSYSTEMECASESARENOTAUTOMATICALLYDECIDEDINFAVOUROFOWNERSOFREGISTEREDLANDEDPROPERTYWHENDISPUTESAREBROUGHTBEFORETHECOURTSFORRESOLUTIONTHUS,THEARGUMENTTHATLANDREGISTRATIONGUARANTEESOWNERSHIPSECURITYISUNSUSTAINABLELANDREGISTRATIONISMADETOSERVETHEWRONGPURPOSETHEPAPER,THEREFORE,DEFINESTHERIGHTANDCRITICALROLEOFLANDREGISTRATIONITISCONCLUDEDTHATLANDTITLEOROWNERSHIPINSURANCE,ALBEITMAYAPPEARTOBEEXPENSIVE,ISATOOLTHATCANPOTENTLYADDRESSTHEPROBLEMOFLANDEDOWNERSHIPINSECURITYTHEFINDINGSPROVIDEUSEFULLESSONSFORINTERNATIONALDONORORGANISATIONSLIKETHEWORLDBANKANDUNITEDNATIONSTHATARESUPPORTINGLANDREGISTRATIONPROGRAMMESASAPANACEATOTHEPROBLEMOFOWNERSHIPINSECURITYINTHEDEVELOPINGWORLDKEYWORDSCOURTGHANAGUARANTEEREGISTRATIONOWNERSHIPSECURITYINTRODUCTIONTHEIMPORTANCEOFLANDEDPROPERTY1INTHEECONOMIESOFNATIONSCANNOTBEOVEREMPHASIZEDFORINSTANCE,LANDPROVIDESTHESPACEFORVARIOUSSOCIOECONOMICACTIVITIESANDASLUND2008,USAID2005ANDDEININGER2003NOTE,ITISTHEMOSTBASICANDVITALASPECTOFSUBSISTENCEFORMANYPEOPLEAROUNDTHEWORLDAND,THEREFORE,ASTRATEGICSOCIOECONOMICASSET,ESPECIALLYINPOORSOCIETIESWHEREWEALTHANDSURVIVALAREMEASUREDBYCONTROLOF,ANDACCESSTOLANDITIS,THUS,NOTSURPRISINGTHATINMANYDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIES,LANDACCOUNTSFORABOUT50?5OFTHENATIONALWEALTHBELL,2006REGARDINGTHEDEVELOPEDWORLD,THEIMMENSECONTRIBUTIONOFLANDEDPROPERTYTOITSDEVELOPMENTHASBEENWELLDOCUMENTEDBYECONOMICHISTORIANSLIKEGOLDSMITH1995,TORSTENSSON1994,ANDROSENBERGANDBIRDZELL1986DUETOTHECRITICALROLETHATLANDEDPROPERTYPLAYSINHUMANSOCIETIES,INSECURITYOFITSOWNERSHIPISAMAJORCONCERNTOTHECITIZENRYANDGOVERNMENTSINTHEDEVELOPINGWORLDASWELLASINTERNATIONALDONORAGENCIESLIKETHEWORLDBANKANDUNITEDNATIONSLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYREFERSTOTHECERTAINTYTHATAPERSON’SPROPERTYRIGHTSWILLBERECOGNIZEDBYLAWAND,ESPECIALLY,BYCOMMUNITYMEMBERSANDPROTECTEDWHENTHEREARECHALLENGESORDISPUTESOVERTHEPROPERTYABDULAIFAO,2005ITLEGALSYSTEM,WHICHISWHATLANDOWNERSHIPSECURITYISABOUTINDEED,INVESTINGINAPLOTOFLANDTHATONEDOESNOTRIGHTFULLYOWNWILLINITSELFTRIGGERDISPUTESORINSECURITYRATHERTHANREDUCEORELIMINATETHEDISPUTESTHUS,INVESTMENTINLANDBASEDACTIVITIESPERSECANNOTPROVIDETHEINVESTORWITHINDEFEASIBLE/GUARANTEEDLANDRIGHTSTHEMEREFACTTHATADISPUTANTHASCONSTRUCTEDBUILDINGSORANYOTHERPERMANENTSTRUCTURESONADISPUTEDPLOTOFLANDCANNOTINANYWAYPROVIDEHIMWITHANUNASSAILABLECASEITISPREMISEDONTHEROLEOFLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYASADETERMINANTOFLANDRELATEDINVESTMENTSTHATINSECURITYISAMAJORCONCERNASEARLIERINDICATEDTHISHAS,THEREFORE,TRIGGEREDTHESEARCHFORASYSTEMTHATWILLESTABLISHLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYTHEREISACONSIDERABLEBODYOFLITERATUREONTHELINKBETWEENLANDREGISTRATIONANDLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYATONEENDOFTHESPECTRUMISASCHOOLOFTHOUGHTTHATCLAIMSTHATITISLANDREGISTRATION,WHICHGUARANTEESSECURITYTHEAPOLOGISTSOFTHISSCHOOLOFTHOUGHTINCLUDEWANNASAIANDSHRESTHA2007,MACGEE2006,BLOCH2003,FEDERANDNISHIO1998ANDLARSSON1991LARSSON1991,FOREXAMPLE,EVENARGUESTHATLANDREGISTRATIONPREVENTSTHEOCCURRENCEOFDISPUTESOVERLAND,WHICHSIGNIFICANTLYREDUCESTHEWORKOFTHESTATESPONSOREDCOURTSEXTENDINGTHISSCHOOLOFTHOUGHTITISASSERTEDTHATLANDREGISTRATIONPROVIDESASECUREFORMOFCOLLATERALFORMORTGAGEPURPOSESAND,THEREFORE,GUARANTEESACCESSTOFORMALCAPITALFORINVESTMENT,WEALTHCREATIONANDDEVELOPMENTDERBAN,DERBAN,IBRAHIM,DESOTO,2000ATTHEOTHERENDOFTHESPECTRUMISASCHOOLOFTHOUGHTTHATARGUESTHATLANDREGISTRATIONPERSECANNOTGUARANTEELANDOWNERSHIPSECURITYABDULAIBENERJEE,2002BROMLEY,2008DURANDLASSERVEFITZPATRICK,2005DEJANVRY,PLATTEAU,GORDILLO,MCAUSLAN,2000SIMS,2002THEREIS,THUS,ANAMBIVALENTLITERATUREONTHENEXUSBETWEENLANDREGISTRATIONANDLANDEDPROPERTYOWNERSHIPSECURITYHOWEVER,THEARGUMENTSOFTHEAPOLOGISTSOFTHEABOVETWOSCHOOLSOFTHOUGHTAREBASEDONSTUDIESTHATHAVECONCENTRATEDONTHEVIEWSOFPURCHASERSANDSUPPLIERSOFLANDREGARDINGOWNERSHIPSECURITYUSINGKUMASIINGHANAASACASESTUDY,T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S,TODAYMOSTCHIE

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簡(jiǎn)介：長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)土地利用總體規(guī)劃長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）調(diào)整方案說明年）調(diào)整方案說明長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)人民政府二〇一七年十一月一七年十一月1長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)土地利用總體規(guī)劃長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）調(diào)整方案說明年）調(diào)整方案說明一、規(guī)劃調(diào)整的背景（一）土地利用（一）土地利用現(xiàn)狀分析狀分析1、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)2014年土地利用變更調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，長(zhǎng)山鎮(zhèn)土地總面積為173163公頃。具體土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)如下（1）農(nóng)用地。2014年末全鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)用地面積為136272公頃，占土地總面積的7870。其中耕地111682公頃，占土地總面積的6450；園地5341公頃，占土地總面積的308；林地4102公頃，占土地總面積的237；其他農(nóng)用地15147公頃，占土地總面積的875。（2）建設(shè)用地。2014年末全鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地面積為20484公頃，占土地總面積的1183。其中城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地16274公頃，占土地總面積的940；交通水利用地3807公頃，占土地總面積的220；其他建設(shè)用地403公頃，占土地總面積的023。（3）其他土地。2014年末全鎮(zhèn)其他土地面積為16407公頃，占土地總面積的947。其中水域14312公頃，占土地總面積的827；自然保留地2095公頃，占土地總面積的121。2、土地利用效率（1）土地利用程度。2014年末全鎮(zhèn)土地利用率為9053，高于東港市7920的平均水平；土地墾殖率為6450，高于東港市4073

簡(jiǎn)介：安徽省龍亢農(nóng)場(chǎng)土地利用總體規(guī)劃安徽省龍亢農(nóng)場(chǎng)土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）調(diào)整方案年）調(diào)整方案安徽省龍亢農(nóng)場(chǎng)安徽省龍亢農(nóng)場(chǎng)二〇一七年十二月二〇一七年十二月目錄前言1一、自然與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)狀況一、自然與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)狀況2（一）區(qū)域概況（一）區(qū)域概況2（二）土地利用狀況（二）土地利用狀況2二、規(guī)劃實(shí)施情況二、規(guī)劃實(shí)施情況4（一）總量指標(biāo)（一）總量指標(biāo)4（二）增量指標(biāo)（二）增量指標(biāo)4三、調(diào)整指導(dǎo)思想和依據(jù)三、調(diào)整指導(dǎo)思想和依據(jù)6（一）指導(dǎo)思想（一）指導(dǎo)思想6（二）調(diào)整原則（二）調(diào)整原則6（三）調(diào)整范圍與期限（三）調(diào)整范圍與期限7（四）調(diào)整依據(jù)（四）調(diào)整依據(jù)7四、規(guī)劃指標(biāo)調(diào)整情況四、規(guī)劃指標(biāo)調(diào)整情況10五、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)與布局調(diào)整情況五、土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)與布局調(diào)整情況12（一）土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整（一）土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整12（二）土地利用布局調(diào)整（二）土地利用布局調(diào)整13六、主要用地安排六、主要用地安排15（一）耕地和基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)（一）耕地和基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)15（二）嚴(yán)格建設(shè)用地規(guī)模（二）嚴(yán)格建設(shè)用地規(guī)模16（三）生態(tài)紅線劃定情況（三）生態(tài)紅線劃定情況17七、土地用途分區(qū)七、土地用途分區(qū)19

簡(jiǎn)介：大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)2018年度開發(fā)區(qū)土地集約利用評(píng)價(jià)工作招標(biāo)文件（項(xiàng)目編號(hào)LNHCCXD2018003）招標(biāo)人大連市國(guó)土資源和房屋局長(zhǎng)興島國(guó)土資源分局人大連市國(guó)土資源和房屋局長(zhǎng)興島國(guó)土資源分局招標(biāo)代理人遼寧匯誠(chéng)工程管理咨詢有限公司招標(biāo)代理人遼寧匯誠(chéng)工程管理咨詢有限公司日期二○一八年七月期二○一八年七月遼寧匯誠(chéng)工程管理咨詢有限公司項(xiàng)目編號(hào)LNHCCXD20180032大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)20182018年度開發(fā)區(qū)土地集約利用評(píng)價(jià)工作年度開發(fā)區(qū)土地集約利用評(píng)價(jià)工作招標(biāo)公告招標(biāo)公告遼寧匯誠(chéng)工程管理咨詢有限公司受大連市國(guó)土資源和房屋局長(zhǎng)興島國(guó)土資源分局的委托，對(duì)大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)2018年度開發(fā)區(qū)土地集約利用評(píng)價(jià)工作進(jìn)行國(guó)內(nèi)公開招標(biāo)，歡迎符合資格條件的投標(biāo)人報(bào)名參加投標(biāo)。一、項(xiàng)目編號(hào)LNHCCXD2018003二、招標(biāo)內(nèi)容大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)2018年度開發(fā)區(qū)土地集約利用評(píng)價(jià)工作（詳細(xì)內(nèi)容見招標(biāo)文件第三章）三、投標(biāo)人的資格要求符合中華人民共和國(guó)政府采購(gòu)法第二十二條所規(guī)定的條件，并同時(shí)具備以下條件（一）、具有本次采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍的供應(yīng)商，有能力提供本次采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目并提供完整的服務(wù)的供應(yīng)商；（二）、須為在國(guó)土資源部門完成備案的土地估價(jià)機(jī)構(gòu)；（三）、有依法繳納稅收和社會(huì)保障資金的良好記錄。注1、本項(xiàng)目不接受聯(lián)合體投標(biāo),不允許轉(zhuǎn)包和分包；2、經(jīng)檢察機(jī)關(guān)查詢?nèi)陜?nèi)有行賄犯罪記錄的不得參加本次招標(biāo)（由于檢查院系統(tǒng)目前有故障問題，無法查詢行賄記錄。可登陸中國(guó)裁判文書網(wǎng)進(jìn)行查詢，查詢結(jié)果加蓋單位公章，附到投標(biāo)文件中）；3、截至開標(biāo)前一天經(jīng)“信用中國(guó)”網(wǎng)站截至開標(biāo)前一天經(jīng)“信用中國(guó)”網(wǎng)站W(wǎng)WWCREDITCHINAGOVCNWWWCREDITCHINAGOVCN、“信用遼寧”網(wǎng)站“信用遼寧”網(wǎng)站（WWWLNCREDITGOVCNWWWLNCREDITGOVCN）、“信用大連”網(wǎng)站（“信用大連”網(wǎng)站（CREDITDLCNCREDITDLCN）、“中國(guó)政府采購(gòu)網(wǎng)”“中國(guó)政府采購(gòu)網(wǎng)”WWWCCGPGOVCNWWWCCGPGOVCN查詢，被列入失信被執(zhí)行人、重大稅收違法案件當(dāng)事人名單、政府采購(gòu)嚴(yán)重違查詢，被列入失信被執(zhí)行人、重大稅收違法案件當(dāng)事人名單、政府采購(gòu)嚴(yán)重違法失信行為記錄名單的不得參加本采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目。法失信行為記錄名單的不得參加本采購(gòu)項(xiàng)目。四、采購(gòu)預(yù)算2937萬元（本項(xiàng)目招標(biāo)控制價(jià)為2937萬元，投標(biāo)單位投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)超出招標(biāo)控制價(jià)的，按無效投標(biāo)處理）。五、招標(biāo)文件發(fā)售和截止時(shí)間以及招標(biāo)文件發(fā)售地點(diǎn)自2018年8月8日起至2018年8月15日每天9001100、13001600（北京時(shí)間，公休日、節(jié)假日除外），在遼寧匯誠(chéng)工程管理咨詢有限公司發(fā)售招標(biāo)文件（大連長(zhǎng)興島經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)興港大廈C座1103室）。

簡(jiǎn)介：關(guān)于公開征求三門縣工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技關(guān)于公開征求三門縣工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革實(shí)施辦法（征求意見術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革實(shí)施辦法（征求意見稿）稿）意見的公告意見的公告為貫徹落實(shí)關(guān)于推進(jìn)工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革的通知（浙政發(fā)〔2014〕38號(hào)）、關(guān)于做好工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革實(shí)施工作的通知（浙經(jīng)信投資〔2014〕564號(hào)）和關(guān)于解決制約工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技改項(xiàng)目審批制度改革共性問題的意見（浙經(jīng)信投資〔2015〕323號(hào)）文件精神，縣經(jīng)信局起草了三門縣工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革實(shí)施辦法（征求意見稿）?，F(xiàn)將征求意見稿全文公布，征求社會(huì)各界意見，如有修改意見和建議，請(qǐng)于2016年8月26日前以電子郵件、信函或電話等方式反饋至三門縣人民政府法制辦公室。聯(lián)系電話83330689；電子郵箱SMFZB163COM聯(lián)系地址三門縣海游街道廣場(chǎng)路18號(hào)（縣行政中心7樓），郵編317100。附件三門縣工業(yè)企業(yè)“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批方式改革實(shí)施辦法（征求意見稿）三門縣人民政府法制辦公室2016年8月19日劃許可、施工許可，安全生產(chǎn)許可，職業(yè)衛(wèi)生許可，防雷裝置設(shè)計(jì)審核，新建、擴(kuò)建、改建建設(shè)工程避免危害氣象臺(tái)站探測(cè)環(huán)境審批等提出“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目審批目錄清單。（二）對(duì)不涉及審批目錄清單的“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目不再審批，實(shí)行承諾驗(yàn)收制；對(duì)涉及審批目錄清單的“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目，由相關(guān)行政主管部門分別進(jìn)行審批，其他部門不再進(jìn)行審批，實(shí)行承諾驗(yàn)收制。（三）審批目錄清單根據(jù)省市規(guī)定執(zhí)行。二、項(xiàng)目辦理步驟（一）立項(xiàng)備案1、對(duì)符合以下要求的技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目，企業(yè)在網(wǎng)上（網(wǎng)址HTTP//XMTZZJJXWGOVCN/INDEXJSP）填報(bào)“浙江省工業(yè)企業(yè)‘零土地’技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目備案申請(qǐng)表”（附件2）后提交經(jīng)信部門備案。（1）項(xiàng)目不涉及新增建設(shè)用地；（2）項(xiàng)目不屬于政府核準(zhǔn)的投資項(xiàng)目目錄（2015年本）規(guī)定的項(xiàng)目；（3）項(xiàng)目不屬于鋼鐵、電解鋁、水泥、平板玻璃、船舶等產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩行業(yè)。（二）備案審查經(jīng)信部門在“零土地”技術(shù)改造項(xiàng)目備案辦理中，要把備案工作作為項(xiàng)目管理的首個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，不得將環(huán)評(píng)、能評(píng)等審批事項(xiàng)作為項(xiàng)目備案的前置條件。企業(yè)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或辦事窗口等途徑提交備案申請(qǐng)。對(duì)符合“零土地”技改項(xiàng)目備案條件的，經(jīng)信部門應(yīng)自收到備案申請(qǐng)材料起1個(gè)工作日向企業(yè)出具“浙江省工

簡(jiǎn)介：101內(nèi)蒙農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)帶地區(qū)土地利用方式和施肥對(duì)土壤碳庫(kù)的影響張煜1張琳1吳文良1孟凡喬1?（1中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院，北京100193）摘要內(nèi)蒙武川是我國(guó)典型的內(nèi)蒙農(nóng)牧交錯(cuò)帶地區(qū)，土地利用方式轉(zhuǎn)變和施肥是影響該地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和土壤碳儲(chǔ)量的重要人類活動(dòng)。選取內(nèi)蒙武川地區(qū)，針對(duì)不同土地利用方式（耕地、退耕還林/還草）和施肥措施（化肥、有機(jī)肥）的長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)土壤，分析土壤有機(jī)碳（SOC）、土壤無機(jī)碳（SIC）和全氮（TN）含量和儲(chǔ)量，結(jié)合13C和15N穩(wěn)定同位素方法，研究土地利用方式和施肥措施對(duì)于該地區(qū)土壤碳氮轉(zhuǎn)化的影響規(guī)律。研究表明，退耕還灌/還草后，SOC儲(chǔ)量較耕地均有顯著提高（提高幅度060098MGHM2A1），SIC儲(chǔ)量也增加或保持相同水平（檸條地除外）。相比不施肥處理，施用有機(jī)肥能顯著增加SOC（108119MGHM2A1），施化肥處理則會(huì)降低SIC（006016MGHM2A1），且主要影響次生碳酸鹽。施肥SIC中原生碳酸鹽比例（023）低于自然土壤（329）。施肥措施對(duì)于土壤碳氮的轉(zhuǎn)化強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)大于土地利用方式的改變。對(duì)于內(nèi)蒙等干旱半干旱地區(qū)土壤，土地利用和施肥措施對(duì)于土壤有機(jī)和無機(jī)碳的影響應(yīng)該在區(qū)域固碳管理中給予全面考慮。關(guān)鍵詞施肥措施；土地利用；有機(jī)碳；無機(jī)碳；同位素；固碳中圖分類號(hào)S1582文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A土壤碳庫(kù)是地球表層系統(tǒng)中最大的碳庫(kù)，其變化將顯著影響溫室氣體濃度與陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能1，因此土壤碳循環(huán)越來越受到國(guó)內(nèi)外科學(xué)界的關(guān)注。土壤碳特別是土壤有機(jī)碳（SOILORGANICCARBON，SOC），對(duì)于提供作物養(yǎng)分、創(chuàng)造作物生長(zhǎng)所需的良好結(jié)構(gòu)以及影響全球碳平衡等方面具有重要作用，主要影響因素包括土地利用方式、農(nóng)田管理措施等。一般認(rèn)為，農(nóng)田恢復(fù)為草地后，土壤碳最終能達(dá)到或接近原始植被條件下的碳水平，并保持一個(gè)新平衡2。施肥作為主要的農(nóng)田管理措施，通過兩條途徑影響SOC含量及動(dòng)態(tài)一是提高農(nóng)作物生物產(chǎn)量，增加植物殘?jiān)透妮斎?；二是影響土壤微生物的?shù)量和活性，進(jìn)而影響SOC的生物降解過程3。在土壤碳循環(huán)過程中，碳穩(wěn)定同位素13C含量可以反映SOC分解程度、土壤碳形態(tài)變化，常用于SOC的來源、周轉(zhuǎn)速率以及氣候變化與植被重建等方面的研究。15N自然豐度法是近年來發(fā)展起來的估計(jì)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中固氮貢獻(xiàn)的一種新方法，也是迄今在估計(jì)無干擾自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中固氮研究中使用最多的方法4。由于化學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化、物理運(yùn)輸?shù)仍?，氮素循環(huán)的諸過程均可能使得氮素發(fā)生同位素分餾，進(jìn)而反映土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的周轉(zhuǎn)變化特點(diǎn)。因＊國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（31261140367，31370527）、國(guó)家科技支撐項(xiàng)目（2012BAD14B01）資助SUPPORTEDBYTHENATIONALNATURALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONOFCHINANO31261140367，31370527ANDTHENATIONALKEYTECHNOLOGYSUPPORTPROGRAMNO2012BAD14B01?通訊作者CORRESPONDINGAUTHOR，EMAILMENGFQCAUEDUCN作者簡(jiǎn)介張煜（1993），女，河北邢臺(tái)人，碩士研究生，主要研究領(lǐng)域土壤碳氮循環(huán)。EMAILZHANGQIQI43163COM收稿日期年月日；收到修改稿日期103NPKORG6045307500N60000CK0000土地利用方式試驗(yàn)始于2005年，主要退耕方式包括撂荒、種植黑麥草（LOLIUMPERENNEL）和種植檸條（CARAGANAKORSHINSKIIKOM）。撂荒后地表植物為本地種，主要包括冰草（AGROPYRONCRISTATUM（L）GAERTN）、羊草（LEYMUSCHINENSIS（TRIN）TZVEL）、阿爾泰狗娃花（HETEROPAPPUSALTAICUS（WILLD）NOVOPOKR）、冷蒿（ARTEMISIAFRIGIDAWILLD）。本研究選取以上三種典型退耕地塊，并與相鄰的農(nóng)田進(jìn)行對(duì)比。農(nóng)田的生產(chǎn)方式為向日葵－馬鈴薯－小麥輪作，一年一季，每年施用尿素、磷酸二銨，折合氮肥N300KGHM2，磷肥P2O5150KGHM2。13樣品采集與分析土壤樣品采集在2013年秋季用土鉆（直徑35CM，采樣器深度20CM）進(jìn)行表土（0～20CM）采樣。每個(gè)試驗(yàn)小區(qū)按對(duì)角線取樣，每條對(duì)角線取3鉆，每個(gè)樣品由6鉆土混合而成，同時(shí)用環(huán)刀法測(cè)定容重。每種土地利用方式采集5個(gè)重復(fù)。土壤樣品運(yùn)回實(shí)驗(yàn)室后風(fēng)干，過2MM篩并用四分法取34G研磨至全部通過015MM篩，烘箱105℃烘至恒重。土壤理化性質(zhì)測(cè)定參照魯如坤10的方法。土壤容重將自封袋密封的土樣轉(zhuǎn)移至已知質(zhì)量鋁盒中，于105℃下，烘干至恒重，測(cè)定此時(shí)的土壤樣品和鋁盒的總質(zhì)量，計(jì)算得出土壤容重。土壤PH將風(fēng)干土樣過2MM篩后，配制成水土比（125）的懸液，用PH計(jì)測(cè)定。土壤粒徑質(zhì)地用吸管法測(cè)定土壤粒級(jí)分布，根據(jù)美國(guó)制劃分土壤質(zhì)地類型。土壤基本理化性質(zhì)見表2。表2供試土壤基本理化性質(zhì)TABLE2PHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESOFTHESOILSTESTEDPH1容重/GCM3BULKDENSITY砂粒SAND005MM粉粒SILT0002005MM黏粒CLAY0002MM耕地CROPLAND811144533311156撂荒地DESERTEDLAND827159643263938黑麥草地RYEGRASSLAND826162556312132檸條地HORQINPEASHRUBLAND818167552204244土壤全氮（TN）和全碳（TC）元素分析儀（THERMOELEMENTALANALYZER1112）測(cè)定。SIC采用壓力傳感器方法測(cè)定11。SOC采用差減法，即SOCTC?SIC。土壤碳氮同位素豐度測(cè)定利用同位素質(zhì)譜儀（MASSSPECTROMETRYDELTAPLUS（THERMOFISHERSCIENTIFIC，USA）及（DELTAVADVANTAGE，THERMO公司））測(cè)定。14土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量和次生碳酸鹽的計(jì)算土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量以某一采樣深度為計(jì)算參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)比不同土壤管理方式下在某一土層碳儲(chǔ)量的差異。一般對(duì)于分N層的土壤剖面而言，有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量的計(jì)算公式為SOC）（1）110∑NI1（SOCIBDITI式中，SOC為一定深度土壤有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量，MGHM2；SOCI為第I層土壤有機(jī)碳含量，GKG1；BDI為第I層土壤容重，GCM3；TI為第I層土壤深度，CM；N為土層數(shù)。土壤無機(jī)碳中次生碳酸鹽（PEDOGENICCARBONATES，PC）比例用下述同位素質(zhì)量平衡方程式來定量PC在土壤無機(jī)碳中的比例12

簡(jiǎn)介：東?？h土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）調(diào)整方案東?？h土地利用總體規(guī)劃東海縣土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）年）調(diào)整方案調(diào)整方案東?？h人民政府二〇一七年七月東?？h土地利用總體規(guī)劃（20062020年）調(diào)整方案II五、耕地和永久基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)五、耕地和永久基本農(nóng)田保護(hù)22（一）優(yōu)先劃定城市周邊永久基本農(nóng)田（一）優(yōu)先劃定城市周邊永久基本農(nóng)田22（二）（二）劃定全域永久基本農(nóng)田劃定全域永久基本農(nóng)田22（三）（三）嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地?cái)?shù)量和提升耕地質(zhì)量嚴(yán)格保護(hù)耕地?cái)?shù)量和提升耕地質(zhì)量24（四）（四）加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化25六、建設(shè)用地節(jié)約與集約利用六、建設(shè)用地節(jié)約與集約利用26（一）（一）統(tǒng)籌安排各類建設(shè)用地統(tǒng)籌安排各類建設(shè)用地26（二）（二）集聚集約利用產(chǎn)業(yè)用地集聚集約利用產(chǎn)業(yè)用地27（三）（三）強(qiáng)化建設(shè)用地空間管制強(qiáng)化建設(shè)用地空間管制28七、協(xié)調(diào)土地利用與生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)七、協(xié)調(diào)土地利用與生態(tài)建設(shè)和環(huán)境保護(hù)30（一）（一）嚴(yán)格保護(hù)生態(tài)用地嚴(yán)格保護(hù)生態(tài)用地30（二）（二）土地生態(tài)環(huán)境整治重點(diǎn)土地生態(tài)環(huán)境整治重點(diǎn)30（二）（二）完善生態(tài)用地管理完善生態(tài)用地管理31（三）（三）創(chuàng)建環(huán)境友好型土地利用模式創(chuàng)建環(huán)境友好型土地利用模式32八、流量指標(biāo)歸還八、流量指標(biāo)歸還33（一）（一）村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)控制區(qū)調(diào)整情況村鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)控制區(qū)調(diào)整情況33（二）（二）流量指標(biāo)歸還計(jì)劃流量指標(biāo)歸還計(jì)劃33（三）（三）可行性分析可行性分析34九、重點(diǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目九、重點(diǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目37（一）重點(diǎn)交通項(xiàng)目用地（一）重點(diǎn)交通項(xiàng)目用地37

簡(jiǎn)介：長(zhǎng)葛市土地利用總體規(guī)劃（2010～2020年）調(diào)整方案長(zhǎng)葛市人民政府二○一七年七月II8與相關(guān)規(guī)劃的銜接1781與國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展“十三五”規(guī)劃的銜接1882與城市總體規(guī)劃的銜接1883與市域村鎮(zhèn)體系規(guī)劃的銜接1884與產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū)規(guī)劃的銜接1885與農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地規(guī)劃銜接1886與基本農(nóng)田劃定成果的銜接1987與重點(diǎn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目需求的銜接199規(guī)劃實(shí)施保障措施1991落實(shí)耕地保護(hù)和節(jié)約集約用地責(zé)任制1992強(qiáng)化土地利用總體規(guī)劃自上而下的控制1993做好相關(guān)規(guī)劃與土地利用總體規(guī)劃的相互銜接1994健全規(guī)劃實(shí)施的公眾參與制度2095加強(qiáng)規(guī)劃實(shí)施的公眾監(jiān)督20

簡(jiǎn)介：1附件1中國(guó)華電集團(tuán)公司中國(guó)華電集團(tuán)公司新建火電機(jī)組生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作管理規(guī)定新建火電機(jī)組生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作管理規(guī)定第一部分第一部分總則總則第一條為規(guī)范中國(guó)華電集團(tuán)公司（以下簡(jiǎn)稱集團(tuán)公司）新建項(xiàng)目的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作，確保新建機(jī)組安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行、穩(wěn)發(fā)、滿發(fā)和取得效益，特制定本規(guī)定。各有關(guān)單位要認(rèn)真貫徹執(zhí)行，并切實(shí)做好生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作。第二條本規(guī)定適用于集團(tuán)公司全資、控股及委托集團(tuán)公司管理的所有新建項(xiàng)目的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作。新建項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)的歸口管理部門為集團(tuán)公司生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)部。第三條生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作的指導(dǎo)思想按照集團(tuán)公司發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略要求，建設(shè)優(yōu)秀發(fā)電企業(yè)，培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的干部職工隊(duì)伍，為新建機(jī)組試運(yùn)順利進(jìn)行和投產(chǎn)后機(jī)組安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行和確保效益作好各方面的前期準(zhǔn)備，為企業(yè)可持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。第四條生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備部門應(yīng)在新建機(jī)組項(xiàng)目公司成立后的2個(gè)月內(nèi)組建，并由一名副總經(jīng)理（副廠長(zhǎng)）牽頭，生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備所需資金應(yīng)在工程概算中預(yù)列。委托運(yùn)行的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)在機(jī)組投產(chǎn)前兩年簽訂委托運(yùn)行合同（協(xié)議），并在合同（協(xié)議）中明確生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備的有關(guān)內(nèi)容。生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備部門要在組建后一個(gè)月內(nèi)，依據(jù)開展生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備工作的指導(dǎo)思想，制定生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃，并及時(shí)上報(bào)集團(tuán)公司生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)部。在編制生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容1、根據(jù)本廠人員、設(shè)備、工程建設(shè)、外部環(huán)境等各方面的實(shí)際情況，對(duì)生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備整體計(jì)劃、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、人員配備、人員培訓(xùn)、各種規(guī)程和規(guī)章制度制定、各種圖紙繪制和表格準(zhǔn)備、3驗(yàn)室及運(yùn)行所需臺(tái)帳、日志、記錄，收集有關(guān)規(guī)章制度及運(yùn)行檢修工器具、備品備件的配置情況等方面的資料。各輔助崗位運(yùn)行人員應(yīng)收集其相應(yīng)專業(yè)設(shè)備資料、技術(shù)性能、值班規(guī)程及表格記錄等方面的資料。2、熱機(jī)檢修維護(hù)人員應(yīng)收集本專業(yè)檢修工藝規(guī)程，如汽機(jī)、鍋爐檢修工藝規(guī)程及輔助崗位檢修規(guī)程；向廠家及設(shè)計(jì)院收集設(shè)備的原理圖紙、技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)資料，收集設(shè)備的動(dòng)靜間隙、設(shè)備異?，F(xiàn)象處理等有關(guān)檢修方面的規(guī)章制度；到同類型機(jī)組的電廠收集設(shè)備臺(tái)帳記錄、檢修工器具和備品備件的配置情況等方面的資料。3、電氣檢修維護(hù)人員應(yīng)到設(shè)計(jì)院、設(shè)備制造廠家、同類型機(jī)組的電廠收集電氣一、二次設(shè)備原理圖紙、技術(shù)性能說明書、電氣檢修工藝規(guī)程、設(shè)備臺(tái)帳、有關(guān)的規(guī)章制度及檢修工器具和備品備件的配置情況等方面的資料。4、熱控檢修維護(hù)人員應(yīng)向廠家、設(shè)計(jì)院、本廠熱機(jī)維護(hù)、調(diào)試單位、同類型機(jī)組的電廠收集三大主機(jī)、化學(xué)水處理、凝水處理、灰渣處理、輸煤等系統(tǒng)的原理及運(yùn)行說明書；收集控制設(shè)備（如DCS、PLC等系統(tǒng)）的系統(tǒng)原理說明書、系統(tǒng)性能說明書、操作維護(hù)手冊(cè)等資料；收集各控制系統(tǒng)（如CCS、BMS、DAS、SCS、ECS、DEH、MEH、ETS、TSI、旁路、化學(xué)水處理、凝水處理、灰渣處理、輸煤等控制系統(tǒng)）原理圖、組態(tài)圖及說明書；收集各系統(tǒng)測(cè)點(diǎn)表，主、輔機(jī)連鎖保護(hù)邏輯圖、說明書；收集熱工各重要表計(jì)、氣動(dòng)門、調(diào)節(jié)門、電動(dòng)門、閉鎖閥等工作原理說明書；收集同類型機(jī)組電廠熱控檢修維護(hù)的各項(xiàng)管理制度、檢修規(guī)程、工器具及備品備件的配置情況等方面的資料。5、燃料專業(yè)應(yīng)收集燃料設(shè)備原理說明書、設(shè)備系統(tǒng)圖、燃料運(yùn)行規(guī)程、燃料檢修規(guī)程；收集運(yùn)行日志、記錄，有關(guān)規(guī)章制度及運(yùn)行檢修工器具和備品備件的配置等方面的資料。6、信息管理人員應(yīng)收集SIS、MIS等信息系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)資料。其它專業(yè)應(yīng)主動(dòng)收集本專業(yè)運(yùn)