簡(jiǎn)介：中南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文工程項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)與索賠管理姓名孫磊申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)數(shù)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師劉國(guó)買20070501THEAPPLICATIONOFPROJECTBIDSYSTEMHASBROUGHTABOUTALARGENUMBEROFQUESTIONSINOURCOUNTRYNISTHETOPICTHATPERSONAGESOFVARIOUSCIRCLESOFSOCIETYALLPAYATTENTIONTOTHESOLUTIONTOTHESEPROBLEMSAMONGTHOSECAUSESISTHEUNSCIENTIFICMETHODFOREVALUATIONOFBIDSTHISPAPERSTARTSWITHAREVIEWOFTHEAVAILABLEMETHODSFOREVALUATIONOFBIDSINOURCOUNTYPRESENTLYDISCUSSINGTHEIRADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESANDAPPLICABILITYANDTHENITPUTSFORWARDANEWMETHODWHICHADOPTSMATTERELEMENTANALYSISMETHODTOEVALUATEBIDSANDFURTHERMORE，ITGIVESOUTITSOPERATINGMETHODANDPROCEDURESINDETAILINADDITIONTHISPAPERANALYSESHOWTOBIDANDCONTRACTMANAGEMENT，AIMHGTOAFFORDPRACTICALADVICETOCONTRACTORSTHISMETHODTHATADOPTSMATTERELEMENTANALYSISMETHODTOEVALUATEBIDSISEASYANDSCIENTIFICRCOULDSIGNIFICANTLYREDUCESUBJECTIVITYANDSTRENGTHENIMPARTIALITYINTHECOURSEOFEVALUATIONOFBIDSINTHISWAYITWILLENSUREBETTEREFFECTOFBIDSYSTEMTHISPAPERTELLSCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISEHOWTOEXPLOREONBIDSTRATEGYANDTACTICMOREOVERTHERESEARCHONCONTRACTMANAGEMENTANDCONSTRUCTIONCLAIMSWILLUNDOUBTEDLYHELPCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISEIMPROVEITSMANAGEMENTKEYWORDSBID，MATTERELEMENTANALYSISMETHOD，GREYSYSTEMSTHEORYRELATIVITYANALYSISCLAIMSⅡ

簡(jiǎn)介：K蝴69姐⑧天畢大警碩士學(xué)位論文學(xué)科專業(yè)管理科學(xué)與工程作者姓名張同江指導(dǎo)教師劉爾烈教授天津大學(xué)研究生院ABSTRACTBOTBUILDOPERATETRANSFERISAPAAEMONTHEFINANCINGANDPROJECTMANAGEMENTOFINFRASTRUCTURECONSTRUCTIONRECENTLYINTHEWORLD．ITISANEWPAREMONMAKINGUSEOFTHEFOREIGNCAPITALANDPRIVATECAPITALTOBUILDINFRASTRUCTURES，ANDITISUPANDCOMING．HOWTOCONSTITUTEAPPROPRIATETENDERSTRATEGIESISTHEKEYTOWHETHERABIDDERWILLWINTHEBOTCONTRACTINABIDDINGCOMPETITIONORNOT．ITISSTRONGLYREALISTICTHATABIDDERMANAGESTENDERSTRATEGIESEFFECTIVELYANDCONSTITUTESTHEBESTTENDERSOASTOWINTHEBOTCONTRACTANDOBTAINPROFITS．CHINESEGOVERNMENTANDCHINESECONTRACTORS’SHOULDPAYATTENTIONTOTHEMATTERSTHATHOWTOUSETHEEXPERIENCEABOUTTHEBIDDINGANDTENDERINGOFINTERNATIONALBOTPROJECTSFORREFERENCE，ANDHOWTOEARLYONTHEFURTHERINNOVATIONINACCORDANCEWITHTHESTATEOFCHINA．TLLISARTICLESTUDIESTHEMATTEROFEQUILIBRIUMINTHEBIDDINGCOMPETITIONANDCOMMERCIALNEGOTIATIONBYTAKINGTWOKEYLINKSBIDDINGCOMPETITIONANDCOMMERCIALNEGOTIATIONASMODELS，COMBINED塒TLLIMPLEMENTATIONOFREALBOTPROJECTS．ATFIRST．ITAPPLIESIDEALDOTTHEORYANDESTABLISHESATENDERMODELOFBOTPROJECTACCORDINGTOTHEEVALUATEDBIDTRAITSOFBOTPROJECTS，WHICHCONSIDERSSYNTHETICALLYTHEINFLUENCINGFACTORSSUCHASFINANCINGSCHEME，OPERATIONSCHEME，INVESTMENTSCHEMEETC．ABIDDERCANANALYZEANDJUDGETHEEVALUATEDBIDCRITERIONSREASONABLYINORDERTOCHOOSETHEMOSTRATIONALDECISION．THEN，ITESTABLISHESASIGNALINGGAMEMODELBETWEENTHEHOSTGOVEMMENTANDTHEBIDDERS，DISCUSSINGSEVERALTYPICALEVALUATEDBIDCRITERIONSSUCHASEQUITYCAPITAL，REASONABLELOWPRICHAG，RATEOFRETURNONINVESTMENT，CONTRACTUALFINESANDSOON．ATLAST，ITESTABLISHESTHEPOSTBIDNEGOTIATIONMODEL，ANALYZINGESPECIALLYRELEVANTACTIONSOFTHEGOVERNMENTANDTHEBIDDERWHENTHEBOTPROJECTSTANDSINALLADVERSESITUATION．NLISMODELMAYASSIST也EBIDDERTOMAKEVALIDDECISIONSINTHENEGOTIATIONPROCESSOFTHEBOTPROJECT．ATTHESAMETIME，THEMODELCALLPROVIDEHOSTGOVERNMENTSANEWJUMPINGOFFPLACEONTHEGENERALEQUILIBRIUMMANAGEMENTANDTHEPOLICYMAKINGOFBOTPROJECTS．THISARTICLEREFERSTOALARGENUMBEROFLITERATUREANDINFORMATIONABOUTTHETENDERINGANDBIDDINGOFBOTPROJECTS．THEARTICLEANALYZESTHEMAINFACTORSAFFECTINGTHETENDERSTRATEGIESANDTHENEGOTIATIONSTRATEGIESFROMTHEVIEWOFTHEGAMETHEORY,THINKINGTHATTHEBIDDERSHOULDBASEHISORHERTENDERSTRATEGIESON“TYPE”TOREFLECTTHEPRINCIPLEOFJUSTICEANDOPENNESS，URGINGCHINESECONTRACTORSTOPAYMUCHATTENTIONTODEVELOPTHEIRCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGES，WHICHHASREALISTICANDINSTRUCTIONALMEANINGS．KEYWORDSBOTPROJECTBIDDINGGAMETHEORYNASHEQUILIBRIUM

簡(jiǎn)介：本文以宏觀的角度，比較全面的介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外公路工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)制度的整體概況，分析了我國(guó)通過借鑒國(guó)外招投標(biāo)制度，總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)近幾年實(shí)行招投標(biāo)先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以及在引入FIDIC合同條款的基礎(chǔ)上確立的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化招投標(biāo)制度。介紹了現(xiàn)行招投標(biāo)管理的法規(guī)體系，公路建設(shè)市場(chǎng)的準(zhǔn)入制度，招投標(biāo)管理的程序，招投標(biāo)制度的實(shí)施歷程，以及專家評(píng)標(biāo)、定標(biāo)的有關(guān)程序和辦法。搜集了國(guó)際工程招標(biāo)、FIDIC招標(biāo)程序及要求，重點(diǎn)介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)公路工程項(xiàng)目招標(biāo)程序及要求。在介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外招投標(biāo)制度的評(píng)標(biāo)辦法時(shí)，列舉了參與評(píng)標(biāo)的幾個(gè)省市自治區(qū)的評(píng)標(biāo)價(jià)的確定方法，以及世行／亞行貸款建設(shè)項(xiàng)目土建工程評(píng)標(biāo)程序與方法，可以直觀地看出世行／亞行貸款項(xiàng)目與國(guó)內(nèi)項(xiàng)目確定廢標(biāo)的不同條件重大偏差的差異。在此基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)了當(dāng)前我國(guó)招投標(biāo)工作中存在的主要問題，并提出了解決這些問題的主要措施，尤其是在評(píng)標(biāo)辦法上明確提出采用經(jīng)過不斷完善的最低價(jià)評(píng)標(biāo)法和推行工程總承包及工程項(xiàng)目管理改方面的探索，對(duì)公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目降低工程造價(jià)，保證工程質(zhì)量及預(yù)防腐敗建設(shè)廉政工程方面將起到重要的積極的作用。

簡(jiǎn)介：授予單位代碼研究生學(xué)號(hào)密級(jí)10459鄭州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文工程碩士論文題目王墨鱉堡擔(dān)拯拯鮑堡迨盆塹生登拯燕型班塞研究生姓名馕直塹學(xué)科門類王堂專業(yè)領(lǐng)域建篡皇±丕王墨導(dǎo)師、職稱差星夔援二OO五年四月二十八日鄭州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTTHEBIDDINGISACOMPLEXSYSTEMATICPROJECT．EACHBIDINGHASITSOWNCHARACTER．SOITISNOTSUITABLETOAPPLETHEMETHOD，WAYOFCURRENTPROJECTMANAGEMENTINTOBIDINGPROCESSSIMPLY．THISPAPERISBASEDONTHEACTUALREQUIREMENTOFDEVELOPMENTPROJECT，REFERSTOINTERNATIONALGENERALPRACTICEACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTWORK，ANALYSESANDSTUDIESFORMETHOD、WAYANDTHEPROGRAMOFPROJEETMANAGEMENTBID，HASFOUNDEDMETHODANDTHEBIDPROGRAMOFASETOFSUITABLEPROJECTMANAGEMENTWORKINGCHARACTERISTIC．FIRSTLY,THEPAPERANALYZEDTHEPROBLEMSANDINSUFFICIENCIESEXISTINGNOWINPROJECTMANAGEMENTWORK，THENONCHARACTER，BASICREQUIREMENTSANDTHEBASICCONCEPTSOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTBID，DISCUSSEDTHEPROGRAMOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTBIDAND“THEMETHODOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTBASEDONTHECHAISEINVITESTOBID”，ATLASTINTRODUCEDFIDIC{QUALITYBASISSELECTIONFORTHEPROCUREMENTOFCONSULTINGSERVICESANDWORLDBANKRELEVANTCONSULTINGENGINEERSELECTGUIDERANDHAVEREALIZEDTHECOMPILINGOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTBIDME．SECONDLY，ONTHEBASISOFPROJECTMANAGEMENTBIDFILE，THEPAPERSTUDIEDTHEMAKEUPOFPROJECTDEPARTMENTANDPROJECTMANAGEMENTCOSTAFTERCONSIDERSSOMECONDITIONS，SUCHASPROJECTMANAGEMENTSERVICEISTHEHIGHINTELLIGENCETHROWIN，SERVICEWORKCOMPLETENOTONLYDEPENDONCARRYOUTWHETHERPROJECTMANAGEMENTREASONBUSINESSFOLLOWEDORNOTTHEMANAGEMENTPROCEDURETHATNORNLTURNWITHTHEMETHOD，HEDECIDEDBYMORELYTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTPARTICIPATETHEBUSINESSSPECIALTY,EXPERIENCEMANAGETHEWORKER，JUDGETHEABILITYANDSETUPTOTHINKTHEELEPHANTDINT，ANDTHERISKCONSCIOUSNESSCIRCUMSTANCEANDSOON．FINALLY．TOSOLVETHEPROBLEMSEISTINGNOWINPROJECTMANAGEMENTBID，MODELISPRESENTEDTOCHOOSEPROJECTMANAGEMENTCOMPANYINPROJECTMANAGEMENTBID，AND

簡(jiǎn)介：武漢理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文建設(shè)工程網(wǎng)上招投標(biāo)系統(tǒng)安全問題的研究姓名金濤申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)管理科學(xué)與工程指導(dǎo)教師宋德昌20050501武漢理工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEINTEMET，THEELECTRONICBUSINESSDEVELOPSRAPIDLY，THESECURITYWHICHISTHEKEYFACTORTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEELECTRONICBUSINESSISBECOMINGMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTTHISPAPERPRESENTSMYWORKONTHESTUDYOFTHESECURITYOFTHEBIDONLINESYSTEMINTHEFIELDOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTTHECONTENTSARE1THEBACKGROUNDOFTHERESEARCH。2THEENCRYPTINGTECHNOLOGYITISTHECORETECHNOLOGYONASSURINGINFORMATIONSAFETHATOTHERTECHNOLOGIESAREBASEDONHERETHEFOUNDATIONOFTHECRYPTOLOGYSYMMETRICALENCRYPTINGSYSTEM，UNSYMMETRICALENCRYPTINGSYSTEM3THEPKIPUBLICKEYINFRASTRUCTURE／CACERTIFICATEAUTHORITYFRAME，THEPKI／CASUPPORTSAUTHENTICATION，CONFIDENTIALITYINTEGRALITYANDUNDENIABLILTYBASEDONSSLSECURESOCKETLAYPROTOCOL，THEPKI／CACOMBINESTHESYMMETRICALENCRYPTINGTECHNOLOGYANDUNSYMMETRICALENCRYPTINGTECHNOLOGYANDPROVIDESAFRAMEFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESECURITY4≥THEWHOLEGOALOPERATIONFLOW莪稻髓A端HY，托NDIONS，DESIGNSCHEMEANDDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTOFTHEELECTRONICTENDERINGSYSTEMINTHEFIELDOFPROJECT5THEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESECURITYSUBSYSTEM通THEELECTRONICTENDERINGSYSTEMTHISCHAPTERDESCRIBESHOWACERTAINPKI／CASYSTEMISIMPLEMENTED，INCLUDINGTHEREQUIREMENTANALYSIS，THESAFETYSCHEMEDESIGN，THEUSINGOFTHECERTIFICATESTHECLIENTSAFETYTHESERVERSAFETYANDTHESECURITYATTHETIMEOFUNSEALINGTHEBIDDINGFILES，THESECURITYIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHISSYSTEMISBASEDONPKI／CATHEPKI／CAFRAMEREALIZESTHECREATINGSMRING，ISSUINGRECALLINGCERTIFICATESSOASTOPROVIDEINTEGRITYANDIDENTITYAUTHENTICATIONFORTHESYSTEMKEYWORDSECOMMERCE，BIDONLINE，ENCRYPTINGTECHNOLOGYPKL／CA，CERTIFICATES，SSLPROTOCOTII

簡(jiǎn)介：MASTER’SDEGREEDISSERTATIONOFCHONGQINGUNIVERSITYTHEANALYSISOFSUPERHIGHWAYPROJECTTEUDERINGINCHONGQINGTHERESEARCHOFSUGGESTIONSMASTERDEGREECIDATEYINXIANGUISUPERVISAPROFQIULINGMAJBUSINESSADMINISTRATIONCOLLEGEOFECONOMICSBUSINESSADMINISTRATIONCHONGQINGUNIVERSITYAPRIL2005

簡(jiǎn)介：點(diǎn)擊查看更多工程量清單模式下的招投標(biāo)研究.pdf精彩內(nèi)容。

簡(jiǎn)介：北京工商大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文關(guān)于物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)中存在的問題和對(duì)策研究姓名詹林堅(jiān)申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師馮中越20070501莢丁物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)中存在的問題和對(duì)策研究以晚其產(chǎn)生的根本動(dòng)因在于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)的進(jìn)步所帶柬的集聚性與多元化、復(fù)雜化的產(chǎn)權(quán)在使用中不可分的矛盾。又從市場(chǎng)需求分析說明物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)已經(jīng)被政府部門、發(fā)展商、小業(yè)主、物業(yè)管理企業(yè)和專業(yè)服務(wù)商等各利益相關(guān)方接受由于技術(shù)的原因和產(chǎn)權(quán)安排中向更高效率轉(zhuǎn)化的原因，與現(xiàn)代物業(yè)管理相對(duì)立的獨(dú)立的自給自足的自治式管理、服務(wù)的供給方式必然會(huì)為一種新的更公正、公開、公平的選聘管理企業(yè)的方式取代。接下來本文從物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)現(xiàn)狀概況、存在的問題和解決對(duì)策方面全面闡述了物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)的現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策分析。本文第一部分從招投標(biāo)產(chǎn)生的背景、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義分析、招投標(biāo)特點(diǎn)和特性分析等幾個(gè)方面說明了物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)的產(chǎn)生、特點(diǎn)及其意義。第二部分提出了物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)發(fā)展的意義、市場(chǎng)存在的主要問題、招投標(biāo)過程中的問題和及外部環(huán)境對(duì)物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)的影響。第三部分提出了對(duì)現(xiàn)有問題的解決方法、建議并對(duì)物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)過程中的關(guān)鍵部分進(jìn)行了初步粗淺的設(shè)計(jì)嘗試第一部分招標(biāo)是應(yīng)用技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的評(píng)價(jià)方法和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制，有組織地丌展擇優(yōu)成交的一種高級(jí)的、規(guī)范化的交易方式。從法律上講，招標(biāo)投標(biāo)作為平等的民事主體之間就某項(xiàng)權(quán)益進(jìn)行協(xié)商以達(dá)到預(yù)期后果的一種法律行為，是當(dāng)事人雙方經(jīng)過要約和承諾兩階段訂立合同的一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性程序。招標(biāo)投標(biāo)的一系列過程符合要約承諾的合同簽定過程。招標(biāo)制度作為在長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中形成的一種成熟的交易方式，有許多區(qū)別于其他交易方式的特點(diǎn)，主要有以下三點(diǎn)招標(biāo)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過程具有公開、公平、公正的“三公”特點(diǎn)；招標(biāo)交易過程有固定的程序，交易決策通常由集體作出，具有較強(qiáng)的有組織性；招標(biāo)投杯采取一次性報(bào)價(jià)方式，形成投標(biāo)方之間的博弈。這是這些特點(diǎn)使得招標(biāo)制度在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上具有特殊的意義。第二部分提出了物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)中存在的問題諸如物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)過程中各方主體的角色定位與職責(zé)分工問題、如何確定物業(yè)管理費(fèi)定價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問題、物業(yè)管理招標(biāo)方法、評(píng)標(biāo)過程以及分值計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)問題、物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)過程中尋租行為的防范問題等等本文的重點(diǎn)在于第三部分。在招標(biāo)方法中方法分析中介紹了當(dāng)前流行的三種招投標(biāo)的評(píng)標(biāo)法，其中對(duì)無標(biāo)底二步招標(biāo)方法的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析闡述。投標(biāo)價(jià)格永遠(yuǎn)是雙方關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，然而價(jià)格確定是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵，科學(xué)專業(yè)的定價(jià)對(duì)招標(biāo)人來說尤為重要，本文也在價(jià)格的確定上進(jìn)行了專門的分析論證。既然價(jià)格對(duì)招標(biāo)人是重要的，那么投標(biāo)書對(duì)招標(biāo)人就是關(guān)鍵了，因?yàn)橐延械膬?yōu)勢(shì)和實(shí)力也要有優(yōu)秀的投標(biāo)書表現(xiàn)出來，在關(guān)于投標(biāo)書的研究方面本文也做了專門論述。尋租行為在招投標(biāo)過程中屢見不鮮，成為影響行業(yè)發(fā)展的頑疾，文中對(duì)尋租行為的制度防范進(jìn)行了專門闡述，從市場(chǎng)方面指出物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)存在的主要問題是地方保護(hù)主義、丌發(fā)商利益驅(qū)動(dòng)、法規(guī)不完善及社會(huì)監(jiān)督機(jī)制的不健全。解決途徑在于招投標(biāo)雙方行為的規(guī)范、政府部門的適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)、市場(chǎng)環(huán)境的培育及法律法規(guī)的完善健全和中介機(jī)構(gòu)的配套，只有相關(guān)措旋的配套、招標(biāo)制度的不斷改進(jìn)以及社會(huì)各方的努力和法律的健全／J‘能從根本上使問題得到解決。最后也是最關(guān)鍵的是評(píng)分制度的完善，它直接影響了招標(biāo)人是否能選出最符合利益的投標(biāo)人，本文從量化的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算上提供了一種較為科學(xué)客觀，較低層面上受人為主觀影響的評(píng)分方法，作為一種探索的嘗試。外部環(huán)境對(duì)物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)的影響也是至關(guān)重要的。它主要包括政府行為，法律法規(guī)配套、各相關(guān)方職責(zé)劃分三方面。在職責(zé)劃分上分別闡述了政府、物管II

簡(jiǎn)介：IY945665密級(jí)保密期限躊雪卻童大警工商管理碩士研究生學(xué)位論文姓名孔越專業(yè)王齏籃理導(dǎo)師閻蓬壓2005年11月10日COMMENTARYONBIDDINGMANAGEMENTOFREGULATINGCONSTRUCTIONMARKETABSTRACTNOWADAYS，ECONOMICINTEGRATIONISTHEGENERALDEVELOPMENTTRENDALLOVERTHEWORDWITHOURINITIATIONOFWTO，THEREARESEVERALTHINGSNEEDTOBEDONEFORCHINESEBUILDINGTRADESUCHASTOREFORMTHEPRESENTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMOFORGANIZATION，TOMAKEANOPENANDFAIRANDJUSTMARKETENVIRONMENTFORCOMPETITORS，TOMAKEAPROGRESSOFTHEBIDDINGSYSTEM，TOADAPTUSTOTHEINTERNATIONALSTANDARDS，ANDSOONALLTHISMUSTTOBEDONETOACCELERATEINTERNATIONALIZEOFOURCONSTRUCTIONMARKETTHISTHESISWILLCOMMENTONTHEBIDDINGMANAGEMENTOFREGULATINGCONSTRUCTIONMARKETBYUSINGRELATIVEMANAGEMENTTHEORIESUNREGULATEDPHENOMENONOFCONSTRUCTIONBIDDINGPOINTSOFLAWSDECREES，SUPERVISEMANAGEMENTWILLBEDISCUSSEDWITHSYSTEM，SOCIALHONESTENVIRONMENT，F(xiàn)EATURESOFCONSTRUCTPRODUCTIONS，THEOPERATIONSYSTEMOFBIDDINGWHYSOMANYUNREGULATEDBEHAVIORSEXISTANDHOWTOELIMINATETHEMEFFECTIVELYWILIBEANALYZEDANDDISCUSSEDINTHETHESISTHINKINGOFTHEACTUAISITUATIONINCHINAANDDRAWINGLESSONFROMSUCCESSTHEORIESANDEXPERIENCESOFOTHERCOUNTRIES，THEREARESOMEIDEASWILLBESUGGESTEDINORDERTEGULATETHEBIDDINGMANAGEMENTINFURTHERPUTTHERELATIONSOFCONSTRUCTIONMARKETINGOODORDERANDMAKECHINESECONSTRUCTIONTRADEPROSPERKEYWORDSREGULATINGCONSTMCTIONMARKETBIDDINGMANAGEMENTREASONANALYSISMEASUREMENTS＆RESEARCH

簡(jiǎn)介：西安建筑科技大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文基于博弈論的分布式智能網(wǎng)上招投標(biāo)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)姓名常杰申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)管理科學(xué)與工程指導(dǎo)教師黃光球20060301西安建筑科技大學(xué)碩士論文DESIGNOFDISTRIBUTEDINTELLECTUALBIDDINGSYSTEMININTERNETBASEDONGAMETHEORYMAJORMANAGEMENTSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGNAMECHANGJIETUTORPROFHUANGGUANGQIUABSTRACTTHEHISTORYOFTENDERANDAUCTIONISGLORIOUSFARFROMTHETIMEOFANCIENTBABYLON，PEOPLEHADUSEDTHEWAYOFAUCTIONTOSELLTHEIRWIVESINNEARLY2000YEARSOFDEVELOPMENT，THEPEOPLEHAVEMADETHEMASSIVEDISCUSSIONSTOTHEAUCTIONTHEORYANDTECHNOLOGY，SPECIALLYWITLLTHERISINGOFIT，CAUSINGTHETRANSITIONFROMTHETRADITIONALAUCTIONTENDERTOTENDERININTERNETTLLISTHESISMAKETHECORRELATIONRESEARCHONHOWTOESTABLISHTHESYSTEMOFBIDDINGININTERACT，BUILDINGTHEINTELLECTUALSYSTEMOFBIDDINGININTEMETBASEDONAGENT；GIVINGTHEAGENT’SSTRATEGYOFBIDANDTENDERMECHANISMBASEDONGAMETHEORY，DESIGNINGTHECORRESPONDINGDISTRIBUTEDALGORITHMINVIEWOFTHETENDERMECHANISMANDBIDDINGSTRATEGY；FINALLY，GIVINGTHEPROTOCOLOFSECURITYTRANSACTIONININTERNETAFTERHAVINGCOMPLETEDBIDSFIRST，INTHESYSTEMDESIGN，THISTHESISISTOCONSTRUCTTHEFRAMEOFBIDDINGININTERNETBASEDONAGENT，ELABORATEEACHAGENT’SFUNCTIONANDTHEOVERALLSYSTEMCOMMERCIALFLOWINDETAIL，DESIGNEDTHEBASICSTRUCTUREOFAGENTSINBIDDINGSYSTEMONTHEFOUNDATIONOFDISCUSSINGTHETHEORYOFAGENTANDTHEMETHODOFCOOPERATESANDCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENAGENTS，DISCUSSTHEMETHODOFCOOPERATIONBETWEENAGENTS，GIVETHECOMMUNICATIONFRAMEBETWEENAGENTSBASEDONXML，KQMLANDTHEORB；SECOND，THETHESISALSOAPPLIESTHEBASICPRINCIPLEOFGAMETHEORYTODISCUSSTHEAGENT’SSTRATEGYOFBIDUNDERTHESITUATIONOFCONVENTIONANDPLOTBIDS，CORRESPONDINGTOTHESTRATEGYTHEBIDDINGAGENTMAYTAKE，DESIGNTHETENDERAGENT’SCONVENTIONALMECHANISMANDTHECOUNTERPLOTMECHANISMHAVINGRETENTIONALPRICE，ANDCARRIEDONTHEANALYSISTOCORRELATEDSUPPOSITIONINTHEGAMETHEORY；THIRD，THETHESISDESIGNSTHEDISTRIBUTEDALGORITHMBIDDINGININTERNETCORRESPONDINGTOTHEFRAMEOFSYSTEMANDSTRATEGIESAGENTSTAKEINTHISALGORITHM，USINGEXAMINEDMECHANISMTOSOLVETHEQUESTIONOFTHEDATATRANSMISSIONMISTAKEANDDATACONFLICT，USINGSECUREMALTPARTYCOMPUTATIONTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMOFMAKINGDECISIONOFBIDSINSECRET，ANDUSINGBITCOMMITMENTTOGUARANTEETHE

簡(jiǎn)介：東南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文溫州市物業(yè)管理招投標(biāo)的研究姓名王麗梅申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)建筑與土木工程指導(dǎo)教師黃安永邢麗榮20060301東南大學(xué)碩十學(xué)位論文THEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTINCURSTHERESEARCHWHICHBIDSGRADUATESTUDENTWANGLIMEISUPERVISORPROFHUANGANYONGDEPARTMENTOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTANDREALESTATESCHOOLOFCIVILENGINEERING，SOUTHEASTUNIVERSITYABSTRACTAND”PRELIMINARYESTATEMANAGEMENTTENDERBIDSMANAGEMENTTENTATIVEMETHOD”ALONGWITH”ESTATEMANAGEMENTRULE”APPEARINGTHEWENZHOUOWNERSORTHEDEVELOPERINCURSBIDSSELECTSHASTHECORRESPONDINGINTELLIGENCETHROUGHTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTENTERPDSESWAYTOBEMOREANDMORECOMMONTHEPRACTICEPROVEDTHATTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTINCURSBIDSTOWENZHOUSESTATEMANAGEMENTMARKETCOMPETITIONMECHANISMFORMATIONTHEIMPETUSPROPERTYCONCENTRATESTHEVITALROLETOTHEOUTSTANDINGMANAGEMENTENTERPRISETHEESTATEMANAGEMENTWILLINCURBIDSIMPROVESTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTTHEMARKETENVIRONMENTWILLPROTECTTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTCOMPANYINTOINCURBIDSINACTIVETHELEGITIMATEDGHTSANDINTERESTS，THEGUIDANCEESTATEMANAGEMENTCOMPANYMOVESTOWARDSTHEMARKETPOSITIVELYPARTICIPATESINTHEMARKETCOMPETITIONWILLCAUSETHEWANZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTCOMPANYEXCESSIVELYTOBEMANYTHEMANAGEMENTSCALEEXCESSIVELYSMALLCONTRADICTIONISUNDERTHEACTIVECONTROL，ANDWILLADJUSTTHEMARKETMECHANISMGRADUALLYTHESTANDARDMARKETBEHAVIOR，WILLBEFACINGSPECIALIZED，ANDTHEINTEUSIFIEDDIRECTIONDEVELOPS，THUSWILLENHANCETHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONUNCEASINGLYTHEOVERALLLEVELTHISARTICLEHASMAINLYSTUDIEDTHESTANDARDOPERATIONQUESTIONWHICHTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTINCURSBIDS，ISFORTHEPURPOSEOFDISCUSSINGUNDERTHEPRESENTWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTLEVEL，INCURSTHROUGHTHESTANDARDWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTBIDSTHEMARKET，PROMOTESTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTMARKETCOMPETITIONMECHANISMTOFORMGRADUALLYINCURSINVIEWOFTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTBIDSTHEPRESENTSITUATIONCARRIESONTHEANALYSISTOITSEXISTENCEQUESTION；USINGINCURREDTHERELATEDTHEORYWHICHBIDTOSTUDYWENZHOUTOINCURBIDSTHEMARKETINCURREDTHEQUESTIONTOTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTWHICHINTHETENDERPROCEDUREEXISTEDTOCARRYONTHEDISCUSSIONTHROUGHTHISARTICLERESEARCLLTOCULTIVATEDTHEGOODESTATEMANAGEMENTMARKETATMOSPHERETOPLAYTOTHEPOSITIVEROLE，CANSEDTHEWENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTPROFESSIONWHOLEPROMOTIONAPPEARED”WENZHOUESTATEMANAGEMENTPROJECTTENDERINTHEWENZHOUGOVERNMENTDEPARTMENTTOBIDPOLICINGMETHOD”CENTERTHEASSISTANCEFUNCTIONPARTICIPATEDINWENZHOUTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTINCURRINGBIDSTHEDOCUMENTTHESTANDARDWORKHASLIMITEDNOTTHEIMPROPERMARKETCOMPETITION，ENHANCEDTHEESTATEMANAGEMENTCOMPANYTOBIDTHECOMPETITIVEPOWERCULTIVATED”PUBLIC，F(xiàn)AIRWASFAIR’THEESTATEMANAGEMENTTOINCURBIDSTHEMARKETENVIRORIMENTCAUSEDWENZHOUTLLEESTATEMANAGEMENTT0INCURBIDSTHEMARKETTOHAVETHEFOREWORDDEVELOPMENTKEYWORDSESTATEMANAGEMENTTHETENDERBIDSII

簡(jiǎn)介：西南交通大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文第1頁西南交通大學(xué)研究生學(xué)位論文工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)研究年級(jí)三QQ三級(jí)姓名肖勇申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別亟±專IE王面筐理塑墜≥指導(dǎo)教師酶主副熬撞二OO五年十月西南交通大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文第1V頁另一個(gè)結(jié)論是，標(biāo)底是工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招、投標(biāo)活動(dòng)中大量“尋租”現(xiàn)象的根源，投標(biāo)機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步構(gòu)造和完善。對(duì)招標(biāo)人最關(guān)心的科學(xué)評(píng)標(biāo)方法運(yùn)用了層次分析法。對(duì)投標(biāo)人最關(guān)心的報(bào)價(jià)的成本預(yù)測(cè)比較了灰色預(yù)測(cè)與傳統(tǒng)的一元回歸預(yù)測(cè)的優(yōu)劣，強(qiáng)調(diào)其在現(xiàn)實(shí)投標(biāo)活動(dòng)中成本的預(yù)測(cè)。應(yīng)當(dāng)看到工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)的研究在不斷隨著新知識(shí)、新技術(shù)的發(fā)展而演進(jìn)，建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)理論的發(fā)展和機(jī)制的研究與深化必將引起更多專家、學(xué)者的關(guān)注。關(guān)鍵詞工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目招投標(biāo)博弈論層次分析法灰色預(yù)測(cè)法

簡(jiǎn)介：東北大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文工程招投標(biāo)中若干重要問題的研究姓名王珂申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)模式識(shí)別與智能系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)教師高立群20060801東北大學(xué)博士擘位論文RESEARCHONSOMEIMPORTANTPROBLEMSOFPROJECTBIDDINGABSTRACTBIDDINGIS如E玨ECTIVCMETHOD0FTR棚嫩DI蚰INMARKET．HC0佃TFIESWITHM盯KCTEC0∞MYADISPOSITI∞弛DAPURCHASING0FEQUIPMENTSARCUSUALLYBYBIDDING．NISOP阻，CQUITY卸DFAILITISSIGNJFI啪TT0RCSE缸CHBIDDINGTHCOFY加DAPPLICATION．ILLTHEDISSCNATION，∞MEWORKISMADCOUT．SCCTION1GIVCS∞MEIMPON孤TCONCEPTSOFBIDDING柚DOVCNRIEWSTHCPRESENTSTATLLE．SECTI徹2IN仃IDUC齬SOMERELATEDMATLLEMATICALKNOWLEDGEIILCLUDINGCQUILIBRI岫S鋤DAFEWDCCISIONMODELSINBIDDING．INSECTION3，A∞WCOMBINATI∞WEIGHTINGAPPMACH，咖BINATI衄WEIGH咖GMETHODB勰ED∞THEDCCISI∞MAKCR’SP托F舒印CC柚DPROJCC￡INGPU陪IIITD勰SI丘訓(xùn)ONMODDISPUTF．OJW耐．THROUGHAPPLYING州CCTINGPU瑙UITD鸛SIFICATIONMODELBA∞D(zhuǎn)ONPARTIDCSW鋤OPTIM泣ATIONA190RITHMINMULTIPLCATTRIBUTEDCCISIONM出NG，THEMUMDIME璐IONDATA撇CASILYCHANGEDINTOLOW曲丑姐SI曲SPACE柚DITSSTMCTLL∞啪BCINDICAT硝B雛CDPANIDESWANNOPTI】NIZATI∞AL譽(yù)D恤，THENTHE叩TIM哪PROJECTI∞D(zhuǎn)IRECTIONANDTHEVALUEOFPROJECTFH∞TIONCANBCOBTAINCD．ATTHCSAMETIMC，THISAPPROACHCONS邊ERS曲皓DECISIONMAKCF’SPRCFCRCNCCTOTHEDIFFERENTATTRIBUTE．HSECTION4，THEMETHODOFCOMPOSITEQLL鋤TIFYEV“UATIONISIMPROVCD．ITISLISCFUIT0PREVENTTOGCTHCONSPIRCDBIDDINGAPPEARII咨HSCCTION5，AO∞RDINGTOPROJECTRECMITING姐D吼TERINGABIDTHETYPI咖STATICQUIETHADBY∞MPETITIVE鋤PAI印GAMEFCATUM，∞TUTIIIZCCOMPLCTCIN|B皿ATIONSTATICQUIET，RICHTHEORCT玉CAI缸D舯0DUCTDIS∞叩柚CYMENTHCORY舔BIDQUOTATI∞BEHAVIORTOGO0NANALYSIS，HAVECSKIBHSHEDTHCIICHMODCLB勰EDONTHCHOTCLLINGLOCATIONOFLINESE舯ENT．HMODCLS，HAVECO璐IDCREDPUBLICBIDDING蛆DMEDISCREP鋤CYBETWCENBIDDERPMDUCT柚DSIDELOVE，THUS啪∞NCCTACT岫LCOU陪EMORC．HSEDION，B硒ED0NABOVEMENTIONEDMODCL，F(xiàn)ORINF0咖ATION，∞MPLETCAND∞TC哪PLETE鉚OCONDITIONSAFCDI任ERCNTIATEDINWIITIN島HAVC西VENTHEPRICETACTFILLDESI印MCTHODOFBIDDER．HSEDION7，AIMJLIGATTLLEPROBLEMTHATTOGCTHE卜COLLSPIREDBIDDILLGHASEMERGCDILLMANYR唱I0鵬，THISPAPERDE印LY鋤LYSESTOGETHERCONSPIREDBID面NGBEHAVIORINTHETENDCR如DBIDDINGMARKCT．FIRSTOFAU，THEKNOWLCDGEOFTHEGAMETHEORYISAPPHEDTO一ⅡI

簡(jiǎn)介：中南林學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文工程量清單招投標(biāo)制度下的投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)分析姓名湯燕群申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)森林工程指導(dǎo)教師言志信王忠偉20050426ABSTRACT“TENDERANDBIDDINGLAWOFPRC”，WHICHHASBEENFORMALLYCONDUCTEDATJANUARY1STIN2000ISCONFIRMEDINFORMOFLAWITHASIMPORTANTMEANINGFORIMPROVINGECONOMICBENEFIT，ANDINSURINGENGINEERINGQUALITY，“BIDDINGNORMOFDETAILACCOUNTOFENGINEERINGQUANTITY”WASFORMEDATFEBRUARY27IN2003，WHICHSYMBOLIZESTENDERANDBIDDINGOFCONSTRUCTIONQUANTITYHASBEENFORMALLYCARRIEDOUTTHEIMPLEMENTOFTHELAWEMBODIESTECHNICALLEVELANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFTHEENTERPRISEINCHARGEOFCONSTRUCTION，ANDPROVOKESHEALTHYDEVELOPMENTOFCONSTRUCTIONMARKETANDFTU恤ERMORE，ITISBEACRFORTHEIMPROVEMENTOFENGINEERINGMANAGEMENTANDINTERNATIONALCONVENTION衛(wèi)1EREFORECOSTMANAGEMENTSYSTEMOFENGINEERINGISACCELERATINGTHEFORMINGGOVERNMENTMACROCONTROL，ENTERPRISEOFFMGBIDDINGBYITSELFMARKETCOMPETITIONFORMINGPRICE，ANDSOCIETYOVERALLSUPERVISIONINORDERTOMEETTHEPURPOSEOFTENDERANDBIDDINGOFDETAILACCOUNTOFCONSTRUCTIONQUANTITYANDINCREASEITSBIDDINGOPPORTUNITYCONSTRUCTIONENTERPRISEMUSTSTUDYBIDDINGPRICEBUDGETARYESTIMATIONISBASED011BIDDINGPRICE，SODETAILEDANALYSESISCARDEDOUTFORVALUATIONMODE，F(xiàn)OREXAMPLEENGLISHVALUATIONMODE，AMERICANVALUATIONMODEJAPANESEVALUATIONMODEANDBIDDINGPRICEOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTHOMEANDABROADARCBASEDONALOTOFRELEVANTDOCUMENTSWHATISMORE，COMPARATIVESTUDYISCARRIEDOUTFORTWOVALUATIONMODES，THATISTOSAYQUOTAVALUATIONMODEANDDETAILEDACCOTMTOFCONSTRUCTIONQUANTITYVALUATIONMODEANDALSO，ACCORDINGTOCONTENTANDMETHODOFCALCULATIONOFPRICE，THISARTICLELISTSTHECALCULATIONOFCONSTRICTIONPRICECONSTRICTIONPRICEISRELATEDTOTECHNICALLEVELANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFTHEENTERPRISEINCHARGEOFCONSTRUCTIONUNDERTHEORDEROFTENDERANDBIDDINGOFDETAILEDACCOUNTOFCONSTNACTIONQUANTITYINORDERTOWELICONTROLTHETHREEQUANTITIES，WHICHINCLUDINGPERSONAMOUNTUSED，MATERIALAMOUNTUSEDANDAMOUNTUSED。ANDTHREEKINDSOFPRICE，WHICHINCLUDINGUNITPRICEOFWAGE，MATERIALBUDGETARYESTIMATIONUNITPRICEANDUNITPRICEOFMACHINEHOURANDFUL咀LERMORETHEDIFFERENTKINDSOFRATES，EVERYENTERPRISESHOULDDRAWUPQUOTABYHIMSELFUNDERTHEDIRECTIONOFGOVERNMENTBASICQUOTATLLISRETITLEPROBESTHEESTABLISHMENTOFENTERPRISEQUOTAWILICHINCLUDESTHEREASONSOFENTERPRISEQUOTA也EMANAG哪CⅡTANDTHEFORMATIONOFENTERPRISEQUOTAITISBETTERFOREVERYENTERPRISETOFORMATENTERPRISEQUOTABASEONTHEIRSTRENGTHSANDSUPERIORITIESWⅫISMORE，ITPROVIDESTHESUBSTANTIALBASISWORKFORBIDDINGPRICEBIDDINGPRICEISASCIENCEANDANANT硒SARTICLEUSESTLLEBASICDEFINITIONOFTACTICSANDSKIHFULLERDISCUSSESBIDDINGFEASIBILITYBIDDINGTACTICS，PRICEDECISIONANDPRICECRARSMANSHIPBYEXOTERICWRITING，SIMPLEEALCULATIONANDDETAILEDEXAMPLESKEYWORDSTENDERANDBIDDING；VALUATIONMODE；ENGINEERINGQUANTITYENTERPRISEQUOTA；BIDDINGPRICEH

簡(jiǎn)介：鄭州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文有限低價(jià)評(píng)標(biāo)法在公路工程招投標(biāo)中的探索姓名徐珂申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)建筑與土木工程指導(dǎo)教師關(guān)罡20061001ABSTRACTINVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFTENDERINGWORKAREIMPORTANT1INKSINENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT．EACHPARTICIPATOROFENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTIONISMUCHCONCERNEDABOUTTHATHOWFAIRNESS，JUSTNESS，SCIENCEANDOPTIMUMCANBECARRIEDOUTININVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFTENDERINGWORK。DUETOTHEFEATURESOFTHEHIGHWAYENGINEERING，WHICHARELARGEENGINEERINGINVESTMENT，LONGCONSTRUCTIONPERIOD，MANYFIELDSINVOLVEDANDHIGHTECHNICALLEVELREQUIRED，THEINVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFTENDERINGWORKISPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTANDITSSUCCESSORFAILUREDIRECTLYRELATESTOWHETHERTHETAROTOFQUALITY,INVESTMENTANDSCHEDULEOFHIGHWAYENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTIONCALLBEREALIZED．THEAUTHOR，WHOHASBEENWORKINGINTHEFIRSTTIEROFTE硝E薯EVALUATIONOFHIGHWAYENGINEERING,ANDHASACCUMULATEDSOMEEXPERIENCEINTHEINVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFTENDERINGWORKANDIEARNEDSO目LELESSONS，THINKSTHATTHEEVALUATIONMETHODOFLIMITEDLOWPRICEISAGOODTRYINTHEREFORMATIONOFINVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFHIGHWAYENGINEERING，ANDITHASADVANTAGESONFOURASPECTSCOMPAREDWITHTHEFORMERMETHODOFTHELOWESTEVALUATEDBIDPRICEANDCOMPREHENSIVEEVALUATION①THEINFLUENCEOFARTIFICIALFACTORSONINVITATIONANDSUBMISSIONOFTENDERINGWORKISDECREASED．THEEVATUATIONMETHODOFLIMITEDLOWPRICECANCELSTHATSCORESAREGIVENBYEXPERTSARTIFICIALLYBYBRINGINGTHEINSPECTIONOFTENDERINGUNITS’EXECUTING曲ILITIESOFCONTRACT，WHICHAREACHIEVEMENT，CREDIT，PERSONNEL，EQUIPMENTANDORGANIZATIONANDDESIGNOFCONSTRUCTION，AHEADTOTHEPREQUALIFICATIONSTAGE，WHICHEFFICIENTLYPUTSANENDTOTHEINFLUENCEOF杯SCORESOFRELATIONSHIPAND樣SCORESOFTAKINGCARE掙ONTHEEVALUATION．ANDELIMINATESTHEGROUNDBREEDINGCORRUPTION．鐓HEFUNCTIONOFBASEBIDPRICEISWEAKENED,ANDRATIONALITYANDUNCERTAINTYOFTHEBASEBIDPRICEAREINCREASED．鼴LEEVALUATIONMETHODOFLIMITEDLOWPRICEREDUCESTHEWEIGHTOFOWNERS’BASEBIDPRICEINTENDEREVALUATIONBYTRANSFORMINGTHEFOMEROWNERS’BASEBIDPRICEINTOTHEIRQUOTATIONINCREASESUNCERTAINTYOFBASEBIDPRICEBYRANDOMSELECTINGTHEEIGHTMETHODSOFCONFIRMINGOWNERS’BASEBIDPRICEONSCENESOTHATTENDERERS’FOCUSWILLBESHIFTEDFROMOWNERS’BASEBIDPRICETOTHERATIONALITYOFTHEIROWNQUOTATIONANDTHEOPPONENTS’QUOTATION；THEMODEOFRANDOMSAMPLINGTHEMETHODOFCONFIRMINGBASEBIDPRICEONSCENEREDUCESTHE