商業(yè)道德一個以營銷倫理為中心的文獻【外文翻譯】

1、畢業(yè)論畢業(yè)論文（文（設計設計）文獻翻）文獻翻譯題目：營銷競爭道德失范對企業(yè)品牌信任的影響研究一、外文原文標題：BusinessEthics：ALiteratureReviewwithaFocusonMarketingEthics原文：PositivestudiesWokutchFahey(1981)identifyanumberofmethodsusedinethicalresearch:1.Theutilizationoflabaty

2、experimentsbusinessgamesimulationsinwhichuhicalbehaviismeasured.Thismethodallowstheresearchertomeasuretheinfluenceofvariousfactssuchasbusinessexperienceagecompletionofabusinessethicscourse.Oneexampleoftheuseofthismethodo

3、logyisthestudybyHegartySims(1978)inwhichtheymeasuredtheeffectsofpotentialrewardspunishmentsonstudentspayingkickbacksinsimulatedbusinesssituations.2.Expostfactoresearchinwhichactualethicaldecisionsituationsarereconstructe

4、d.Suchanapproachpermitsthestudyofreallifesituations.Some~researchershaveavoidedthislineofresearchbecauseofitsproblemofgettingaccuratecompleteinfmation.3.Participantobservationapproachwhichpermitstheresearchertoobservebeh

5、avisastheytakeplacetheninfercauseeffectrelationships.Unftunatelythisapproachisseldomusedbecauseofproblemsinvolvedingainingaccesstoganizations.4.Thesurveyresearchapproachinwhichsubjectsreptontheirownethicalbehavibeliefs.T

6、hemajityofinstrumentsusedincollectingethicaldatautilizesomefmofscenariospresentingsomeethicaluhicalsituationtowhichthesubjectshavetoreact.TheuseofscenariosaccdingtoFritzscheBecker(1982)allowsonetoinjectagreateramountofba

7、ckgroundinfmationdetailintoanethicallyquestionableissue.Scenariostherefearethoughttoelicitahigherqualityofdatainthistypeofresearchthanispossiblefromsimplequestions(AlexerBecker1978).ArlowUlrich(1988)comparetheresultsofBa

8、umhartsstudywiththeirbusinessgraduatesamplesrankingoffactsthatinfluenceethicalconduct.Theserankingsare:BaumhartstudyArlowCarroll1975).Personalstardstendtobemestrictthanbusinessones.BowmansCarrollsresearchfoundthatpeoplef

9、eelunderpressuretocompromisetheirpersonalstardsindertoachievethegoalsoftheganization.Carr(1968)suggestedyetanotherreasonfuhicalbusinessbehavi.Inacontroversialarticlehelikenedthestrategiespeopleemployinbusinesstothoseused

10、byindividualsplayingagamesuchaspokerwheretheplayersstardsdifferfromthosegenerallyemployedintheirnonwkinglives.Carrstatedthat“mostbusinessmenarenotindifferenttoethicsintheirprivateliveseveryonewillagree.Thepointisthatinth

11、eirofficelivestheyceasetobeprivatecitizenstheybecomegameplayerswhomustbeguidedbyasomewhatdifferentsetofethicalstards“(p.145).Perhapsthenaslongasonedoesnottransgressthelawthebusinessplayers“rulesofthegame“itisnecessarytoa

12、dheretohigherlaws(thatisethicalstards).Itistotheadvantageofbusinesspeopletofollowonlytherulesofthegameinplottingastrategytoachievevicty.ItispossiblethatakindofGreshamsLawofethicsoperatesinabusinessenvironment.Thatis“thee

13、thicofcpateadvantageinvariablysilencesdrivesouttheethicofindividualrestraint“(Carr1970).TheresultsofastudybyNewstromRuch(1975)suggestthatmanagershaveapropensitytoactuhicallyifitistotheiradvantageifthebarrierstouhicalprac

14、ticesarereducedremoved.IfaGreshamslawofethicsisapplicableinindustrythenpersonalcodeswillprobablybecompromisedfcingadherencetoacodeofbusinessethics.Todootherwisecouldcausemaverickstosufferpeerostracismevenlosetheirjobs.Ne