外文翻譯--數控系統(tǒng)在平面磨床上應用現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　學院 (系)： 機械工程學院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機械工程及自動化 </p><p>　　姓 名： </p>

2、<p>　　學 號： </p><p>　　外文出處： Digital system in the horizontal grinder application of the status quo and development trend </p><p>　　附 件：1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。

3、 </p><p>　　注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　數控系統(tǒng)在平面磨床上應用現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產中，中、小批量零件的生產占產品數量的比例越來越高，零件的復雜性和精度要求迅速提高，傳統(tǒng)的普通機床已經越來越難以適應現(xiàn)代化生產的要求，而數控機

4、床具有高精度、高效率、一機多用，可以完成復雜型面加工的特點，特別是計算機技術的迅猛發(fā)展并廣泛應用于數控系統(tǒng)中，數控裝置的主要功能幾乎全由軟件來實現(xiàn)，硬件幾乎能通用，從而使其更具加工柔性，功能更加強大。</p><p>　　前言：制造業(yè)的競爭已從早期降低勞動力成本、產品成本，提高企業(yè)整體效率和質量的競爭，發(fā)展到全面滿足顧客要求、積極開發(fā)新產品的競爭，將面臨知識--技術--產品的更新周期越來越短，產品批量越來越小，而

5、對質量、性能的要求更高，同時社會對環(huán)境保護、綠色制造的意識不斷加強。因此敏捷先進的制造技術將成為企業(yè)贏得競爭和生存、發(fā)展的主要手段。計算機信息技術和制造自動化技術的結合越來越緊密，作為自動化柔性生產重要基礎的數控機床在生產機床中所占比例將越來越多。</p><p>　　一、數控平面磨現(xiàn)狀及主要數控系統(tǒng) </p><p>　　平面磨床相對于車床、銑床等采用數控系統(tǒng)較晚，因為它對數控系統(tǒng)的特殊

6、要求。近十幾年來，借助CNC技術，磨床上砂輪的連續(xù)修整，自動補償，自動交換砂輪，多工作臺，自動傳送和裝夾工件等操作功能得以實現(xiàn)，數控技術在平面磨床上逐步普及。在近年漢諾威、東京、芝加哥、及國內等大型機床展覽會上，CNC磨床在整個磨床展品中已占大多數，如德國BLOHM公司，ELB公司等著名磨床制造廠已經不再生產普通磨床，日本的岡本、日興等公司也成批生產全功能CNC平磨，在開發(fā)高檔數控平磨的同時，積極發(fā)展中、低檔數控平磨。 </p&g

7、t;<p>　　前幾年德國ELB公司生產的BRILLIANT系列二坐標CNC成型磨床，其垂直和橫向為數控軸，縱向為液壓控制，砂輪修整采用安裝在工作臺上的金剛石滾輪，適用范圍較廣；SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐標CNC平面和成型磨床，床身用天然花崗巖制成，幾何精度極高，導軌用直線滾動導軌，機械驅動無反沖，從而保證工件有較好的表面光潔度；BRILLIANT-FUTURE為以上二個系列的改進產品，床身用人造花崗巖制作，

8、縱向用靜壓導軌，齒形帶傳動，垂直和橫向導軌為預加荷直線滾動導軌，滾珠絲杠傳動，三軸CNC控制AC伺服電機，0.5μm的測量分辨率。同時ELB公司開發(fā)了具有當代最新技術的磨床產品，即以機電一體化和計算機技術為基礎的CAM-MASTER系列柔性磨加工單元，CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心，控制軸最多可達到24軸，另外由于全面推行模塊化設計，使專用磨床制造周期縮短，ELB公司還開發(fā)了多種高效專用磨床，如S

9、FVG100/2專用磨床，具有可傾斜磨頭，連續(xù)修整，緩進給，斜切入磨削功能，用十一根CNC控制軸，如同一臺磨加工中心。英國JONES&SHIPMAN公</p><p>　　目前，隨半導體集成度的不斷提高，新推出的系統(tǒng)在外型上越來越小，結構上越來越緊湊，功能上增加了遠程通訊，遠程診斷，多機聯(lián)網等等；操作界面向WINDOWS系統(tǒng)靠近，增加鼠標，搖控器等操作件。FANUC公司今年主要推出18I、16I、20I、

10、21I系統(tǒng)，SIEMENS是840D、810D、802D均為結構緊湊型系統(tǒng)。還有一些廠商如：臺灣精密機械研究發(fā)展中心開發(fā)的PA8000NT系列CNC控制器，就使用了WINDOWS NC操作系統(tǒng)，和NT即時多工處理核心，單節(jié)程序處理速度達2000塊/秒，單節(jié)預讀處理數可達1000塊，具有AART（預適應調節(jié)技術）及參數最佳化學習功能，可使跟隨誤差趨近于零，軟件加工路徑濾波器可降低切削過程中，因加速度變化過大所產生的機械共振，從而改善表面粗

11、糙度；配用伺服靈活，具備+、-10V類比伺服界面，同時提供國際標準的SERCOS數字伺服通訊界面；PLC程序設計有梯形圖、結構語句、功能塊、指令碼、流程圖等五種語法，便于設計、溝通和維護；具有計算機遠程通訊，即時遠程維護功能；控制軸和主軸最多可擴展到64軸，I/O點可擴展到792/528點，采用奔騰處理器，高速PLC處理速</p><p>　　世界上除有名的SIEMENS、FANUC等數控系統(tǒng)專業(yè)廠已經開發(fā)生產了

12、許多適用于平面或成型磨削的系統(tǒng)外，一些平磨生產廠本身也積極開發(fā)了適用于其磨床的數控系統(tǒng)。主要有：</p><p>　　西門子公司的SINUMERIK 840D 系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)具有二十多根伺服軸，坐標連續(xù)行程控制，手動數據輸入或通過外部計算機輸入，遠程診斷，可隨砂輪直徑減小而變化行程，砂輪修整量自動補償，滾珠絲杠間隙誤差補償等。 </p><p>　　西門子3G系統(tǒng)是專為磨削加工而開發(fā)的，裝有

13、用來人機對話的操作提示裝置，在軸線傾斜時，也可進行直線和圓弧插補，在磨削中經常出現(xiàn)的運行循環(huán)，如主軸擺動，用外部信號中斷執(zhí)行程序，砂輪切入，砂輪修整等專用準備功能，編制固定循環(huán)程序。其不僅能使用外部測量裝置（開關信號），還能當連接上一個合適的測量頭時能直接去控制裝置與最終尺寸進行比較。 </p><p>　　美國ALLEY-BRANDLY公司生產的8400CNC、8600CNC數控系列，適用于車床、銑床和磨床，其

14、8400CNC最多可控制6根伺服軸，任2軸可進行圓弧插補，任3軸可進行螺旋線插補，6軸直線插補。8600CNC系列最多能控制17個坐標，包括8個參與插補軸，8個位控制軸及1個主軸，具有圖形顯示，擴展分支程序，顯示加工時間，高速程序校驗，刀具壽命監(jiān)測等功能。 </p><p>　　日本FANUC公司開發(fā)了OG高速高性能數控系統(tǒng)，其中O-GSG適用于平面磨床，可根據磨削零件不同形狀，有四種不同的磨削方法，具有砂輪軸角

15、度傾斜控制功能，荒磨、粗磨、精磨、無火花磨削一整套磨削循環(huán)，砂輪滾壓修整后位置補償功能，修整器相對于被修整輪法線方向控制功能，修整滾輪外緣圓弧半徑補償功能，砂輪形狀圖形顯示功能及磨削參數顯示等，系統(tǒng)最小設定單位0.1μm，屬"緊湊"型數控系統(tǒng)，價格較低。 </p><p>　　另外還有如德國ELB公司與大學聯(lián)合研制的UNICON系統(tǒng)。日本大隈鐵工所OSP5000G-G，OSP30-NF等自行開

16、發(fā)的平面和成型磨削數控系統(tǒng)，其OSP5000G-G最多可控制9個坐標，其中6個坐標可聯(lián)動，帶12英寸彩顯，人機對話編程，自動確定切削系數，可采用軟盤輸入，納入FMS系統(tǒng)，最小脈沖當量、移動當量和檢測當量均為0.1μm，平磨上還采用了感應同步器全閉環(huán)方式。 </p><p>　　還有的平磨制造廠雖采用數控主機廠的系統(tǒng)，但自行開發(fā)軟件，使用之更適合平面和成型磨削，如德國JUNG公司以西門子SINUMERIK 810

17、為基礎，采用該公司專用軟件，用JUNG  KONTUR 編程語言對砂輪進行成型修整，并有圖形輔助操作功能。日本岡本公司在FANUC公司數控系統(tǒng)硬件上，開發(fā)了OPL語言用于磨削加工，等等。 </p><p>　　當今直線電機、動平衡等技術、工藝的日益發(fā)展應有，又大大提高了機床的工效，適宜的測量技術應用對數控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)利用，增強機床的電氣自動控制功能如虎添翼。</p><p>　　二

18、、國內數控平磨的發(fā)展</p><p>　　我國從80年代開始生產數控平面磨床，各開發(fā)廠家分別走過了自行研制，與大學及科研單位合作開發(fā)至直接引進成熟數控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展道路。例如：杭州機床廠是一家具有五十年歷史，專業(yè)生產平面磨床的制造廠，它從80年代中期開始生產數控平磨，先后開發(fā)生產了MGK7132臥軸矩臺高精度平磨，MK7130系列普通數控平磨，MLK7140數控緩進給成型磨，MGK7120、MK7163、MK7150

19、臥軸矩臺數控平磨，MKY7760立軸數控雙端面磨，MKY7660、MKY7650/101臥軸數控雙端面磨，以及HZ-K1610，HZ-K2010，HZ-050 CNC，HZ-KD2010、HZ-K3015、HZ-K3020、HZ-K4020等專用數控龍門式平面與導軌磨床。數控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)應用，有與大專院校及科研單位合作研制的單板機系統(tǒng)，也有自行開發(fā)的以單片機為主機的簡易控制系統(tǒng)，及采用數控主機廠生產的成熟數控系統(tǒng)等。 </p>

20、<p>　　其生產的MGK7120高精度平磨，采用了日本FANUC公司的POWER MATE-D雙軸數控系統(tǒng)，控制磨頭進給，最小進給量0.1μm，具有自動完成磨削循環(huán)功能。 </p><p>　　MKY7650/101全自動數控雙端面磨床是與意大利VIOTTO公司技術合作產品，采用西門子SIMATIC S5-115U可編程控制器控制，CRT顯示，機床的左、右磨頭由二軸直流伺服電機驅動，機床能進行手動

21、調整和自動磨削循環(huán)選擇。配有意大利馬爾波斯E9型測量系統(tǒng)，二個測量頭，一個測量砂輪，將砂輪磨損量反饋給控制系統(tǒng)，進行砂輪補償；另一個測量頭測量磨削后的工件，并將測量結果輸入控制系統(tǒng)，由伺服電機進行補償進給；左、右磨頭用VIOTTO光柵作位置測量控制，實現(xiàn)了整機從工件上料到磨削完畢的全閉環(huán)和全自動加工。 </p><p>　　HZ-050CNC數控直線滾動導軌專用磨床，是為上海市科技結合生產重點工業(yè)項目第三次科技攻

22、關項目而開發(fā)的專用磨床。既具有平面磨削功能又有成型磨削功能，它采用了美國A-B公司生產的8400MP數控系統(tǒng)，機床有7根數控軸，X、Y、Z三根磨頭進給軸和U、V、W三根砂輪修整軸由系統(tǒng)直接控制，另一軸Q為臥式砂輪橫向進給（磨削平面用）通過SLC可編程控制器加IMC定位模塊，由系統(tǒng)I/O口輸入8400MP主機，控制其位置，具有在磨削中連續(xù)修整砂輪或間隙式砂輪修整補償進給等自動加工能力。 </p><p>　　HZ-

23、KD2010六軸數控龍門式雙磨頭平面磨床，采用FANUC-0MC數控系統(tǒng)，用四根CNC軸分別控制兩個磨頭的橫向和垂直進給，用一根PMC軸控制周邊磨頭的砂輪修整器金剛筆進給，另一根PMC軸控制萬能磨頭的分度旋轉。充分利用了系統(tǒng)性能，降低生產成本，提高了機床的性價比。 </p><p>　　三、我廠數控磨床的發(fā)展展望 </p><p>　　我廠數控磨床發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在，已經具有了相當的實力，作為主機

24、生產廠，我們的數控系統(tǒng)應有開發(fā)，已經走過了從完全依賴系統(tǒng)供應商到自己初步具有一般開發(fā)能力的過程，但數控系統(tǒng)的應用尚在提高機械傳動鏈性能、替代機械手輪、簡能、加工效率、可靠性等方面都有許多需要提高、突破的問題，有待解決。我認為應該對廠目前生產的各類產品的各種結構、產品的使用工藝加以總結，分析其長短得失，產品究競要實現(xiàn)怎樣的自動功能，如何逐步發(fā)展有個規(guī)劃，以利學習和工作；重視數控軟件的開發(fā)，有條件引進技術或外派學習，跟上發(fā)展潮流，硬件上結合

25、市場需要，單加工循環(huán)階段，與先進水平相比，還有著許多差距，在機床的精度、自動化功在產品制造中將新技術、新功能逐項實踐應用，以縮小與世界先進水平的差距。</p><p>　　隨著數控系統(tǒng)性能與可靠性的提高，價格更趨合理，使數控磨床與普通磨床的比價為廣大用戶所接受，同時隨著先進制造與自動化技術在生產中的要求提高，數控磨床的使用也將越來越廣泛。數控平磨及其它磨床將向加工柔性更好的高檔磨加工中心和更加高效的專用數控磨床方

26、向發(fā)展。我們相信伴隨著計算機、信息技術革命的深入，數控磨床在其智能化、系統(tǒng)信息控制等方面，將會有很大的進步。如何緊跟歷史前進的步伐，找到適合于我們自己特點的發(fā)展道路，尋找技術進步的突破點，是我們工作的重點，因為這是關系到企業(yè)未來發(fā)展及生存的關鍵問題。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p>　　Digital system in the

27、horizontal grinder application of the status quo and development trend</p><p>　　Modern industrial production, small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts comple

28、xity and precision requirements rapidly increase, the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of modern production, and a high-precision CNC machine tools, high-effici

29、ency, the use of a machine can complete complex type face processing characteristics, in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the </p><p>　　Keywords:Manufacturing competition from lowe

30、r labour costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and quality of competition, to meet customer demands comprehensive, actively develop new products competitive, will face knowledge -- technical -- u

31、pdated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality, performance requirements are higher, Meanwhile community to environmental protection, the growing awareness of gree

32、n manufacturing.</p><p>　　First, digital Ping finds the status quo and digital systems primarily. </p><p>　　Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe, milling machine, using digital systems later

33、, the special requirements because of its digital systems. In the past decade, with the technical facility, grinder, the grinding wheel for repair, automatic compensation, automatic exchange grinding wheel, and more work

34、stations, such as automatic transmission and Zhuangjia working inoperable realized, and digital technology in the horizontal grinder, gradually spread. In recent Hanover, Tokyo, Chicago, and oth</p><p>　　Ger

35、man production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two coordinates facility shaped grinder, the vertical and horizontal axis for digital, vertical for hydraulic control, grinding wheel repair work platform insta

36、lled in a roller diamonds, the application of broader; SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Sanzuobiao facility, the beds are manufactured using natural granite, high geometric accuracy, slide awa

37、y from straight rolling guide, driving without recoiling </p><p>　　Currently, the semiconductor master degrees continual increase in the newly introduced system in the appearance of smaller, more compact str

38、ucture, functions increased distance communications, remote diagnosis, multiple plane networking etc.; Interface to the Windows operating system to increase the mouse, remote operation of vehicles. Fanuc major company th

39、is year launched 18I, 16I, 20I, 21I system Siemens is 840D, 810D, 802D are tight structure type system. There are a number of manufacturers </p><p>　　Apart from the world famous Siemens, Fanuc digital system

40、s, such as professional development and production of the plant has been applied to many horizontal or shaped grinding system, a number of production plants Ping finds itself actively developed application in the digital

41、 grinder system. Notably : Siemens SINUMERIK 840D of the system, the system has more than 20 roots servo axis, the coordinates for the trip control, manual data entry or imported through external computer, remote diagnos

42、is </p><p>　　American companies ALLEY-BRANDLY production 8400CNC, 8600CNC digital series apply lathe, milling machine and grinder, 8400CNC up to 6 roots servo axis control, the Section 2 axle may drain, the

43、three axis may helix spaced, six axle straight drain. 8600CNC series of coordinates to control 17, including eight in the drain axle, eight spaces control axle and one allegation that a graphic shown that the expansion o

44、f branch procedures that processing time, high-speed access procedures, cutlery life m</p><p>　　Japanese companies developed FANUC OG high-speed high-performance digital systems, which O-GSG applicable to ho

45、rizontal grinder, the grinding parts under different shapes, four different methods of grinding, a grinding wheel axle angle control function shortage grinding, Cumo, Jingmo, no spark grinding a grinding cycle of grindin

46、g wheel flow position after finishing compensation function, Compared to repair vehicles were repaired round normal line direction control functions roller outer arc rad</p><p>　　There are also companies suc

47、h as Germany and the University jointly developed by ELB UNICON system. Japanese big cove ironworker OSP5000G-G,OSP30-NF such as self-development and shaped grinding digital print system, the maximum control OSP5000G-G n

48、ine coordinates, which can be linked six coordinates, a 12-inch hall, interactive programming, automatic identification of cutting factor used diskettes imported, into automated systems, the smallest pulse equivalent, th

49、e mobile equivalent and testing </p><p>　　Although there is the ping himself factory using digital Zhujichang system, but self-development of software, use it more suitable for horizontal and shaped grinding

50、, such as German company Siemens SINUMERIK 810 Jung based, the company specialized software used by Jung Kontur programming language for a shaped grinding wheel repair, and graphics supporting operational functions. Japa

51、n sincerely companies in Fanuc digital systems hardware companies, the OPL development language for grinding proces</p><p>　　Second, the development of domestic digital Ping finds. </p><p>　　Sin

52、ce the start of production digital horizontal grinder 1980s, the development of the manufacturers have developed separately, the development of cooperation with universities and research units direct to introduce mature

53、digital systems development. For example : Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant is a history of 50 years of professional graphic grinder of factory production, which began production in the mid-1980s from digital ping himself, ha

54、s developed a production MGK7132 straight axle rule Taiwa</p><p>　　Ping finds its production MGK7120 high-precision, the company introduced Japan Fanuc MATE-D purchased digital recording system to control Mo

55、tou chin, chin to the smallest volume 0.1 16ug m, a complete automatic grinding cycle functions. </p><p>　　MKY7650/101 carry noodles grinder is fully automatic digital double technical cooperation with the

56、 Italian company Viotto products using Siemens Simatic S5-115U programmable controller control CRT display, machine tools left, right Motou driven by the two axis DC servo electrical, machine tools capable of manual and

57、automatic grinding cycle of adjustment options. Equipped with Italian Maerbosi E9-measurement systems, the first two measurements, a measurement grinding wheel, grinding wheel wear a</p><p>　　HZ-050CNC digit

58、al linear rolling guide dedicated grinder is the Shanghai Science and Technology for the production of key industrial projects in the third research and development project dedicated grinder. Both functional and shaped g

59、rinding flat grinding function, and it has adopted the U.S. company A-B 8400MP digital production system, a seven-kan digital axis machine tools, X, Y, Z into three roots Motou to axle and U, V, W 3 root grinding wheel r

60、epair axle direct control by the system, Anot</p><p>　　HZ-KD2010 six-axle double-Motou Dragon Gate digital graphic grinder, using FANUC-0MC digital systems, using four roots CNC axis control two separate hor

61、izontal and vertical into Motou to use a PMC peripheral Motou control of the grinding wheel axle repair vehicles lords-chin to the other roots PMC axis control Almighty Motou sub-degree rotation. Take full advantage of t

62、he system performance, reduce production costs and enhance the Xingjiabi of machine tools. </p><p>　　Third, I look at the development of digital grinder.</p><p>　　I plant digital grinder develop

63、ment to the present, already has considerable strength as mainframe production plant, our digital systems have developed have come from totally dependent on the system vendor to its initial capacity of a general developm

64、ent process, but the application of digital systems is increasing mechanical transmission chain performance, alternative mechanical hand round, simple processing cycle stage, Compared with the advanced level, there are a

65、 lot of gaps in the precision</p><p>　　With digital systems to improve performance and reliability, reasonable prices, so that digital grinder and ordinary grinder pricing acceptable to the vast number of us

66、ers and with advanced manufacturing technology and automation in production demands increase, the use of digital grinder will be more extensive. Ping digital processing soft skills and other grinder will be better and mo