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1、.EnglishLiteratureChapterOneEnglishLiteratureinthedleAge(5th15th)Mainpoints:I.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloSaxonperiod.II.LiteraryacteristicsoftheAngloSaxonperiod.III.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloNmanperiod.IV.Literaryac
2、teristicsoftheAngloNmanperiod.V.ImptantliterarywksmenoflettersoftheAngloNmanperiod.VI.GeoffreyChaucerI.BackgroundinfmationoftheAngloSaxonperiodTheperiodcanberoughlydividedintotwostages:theAngloSaxonperiodtheAngloNmanperi
3、od.1.Themakingofthenation.1.1TheinhabitantsofthenationThenativeCelts凱爾特人(theyinhabitinwhatisnowIrelWalesScotl)theRomanConquest(thisconquestwasledbyJuliusCaesarin55B.C.whichlasted4centuriesbutitmadelittleinfluenceonthenat
4、ion’sliterature)theAngloSaxonConquestinabout449bythreeTeutonictribes條頓部落theAnglostheSaxonstheJutes.TheAngloSaxonswereChristianizedinthe7thcenturywhichinfluencedtheliteratureintwoaspects:oneisthegreatnumberofChristianpoet
5、rywhichfmsanimptantpartofEnglishliteratureofthisperiodtheotherisChristiancolinpaganwksfthemonksrecdedthealliteraturewiththeirChristianideas.(Theideasusuallydonotgowiththecontentofthewholebeing.)1.2ThelanguageInthe7ththet
6、hreetribesmixedintoawholepeoplecalledEnglishthelanguagespokenbythemisgenerallycalledAngloSaxonthatistheOldEnglish.II.LiteraryacteristicsoftheAngloSaxonperiod.Themainliteraryfmoftheperiodispoetrytherearetwogroups:paganpoe
7、tryreligiouspoetryoftenChristianone.ThemostimptantwksleftisBeowulf《貝奧武甫》《貝爾武夫》TheintroductiontoBeowulfItistheearliestcompleteepicinEnglishliteratureitisregardedasthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.Definitionofepicnational
8、epic史詩:itisapoeticaccountofthedeedsofonemegreatheroesofanation’spasthisty.3182linestwopartswithaninterpolationbetweenthetwo.Thethemeofthepoem:Beowulfisoneofthenation’sheroesoftheEnglishpeople.Withthedeionsofhisheroicdeed
9、sthesongreflectseventstakingplaceontheScinavianpeninsulaatthebeginningofthe7thcentury.Thesignificanceofthepoem:Thestyrepresents1)thefightoftheancientpeopleagainstbeastsnaturalfces(e.g.floodvolcano)2)itreflectsthefeatures
10、oftribalsocietyofancienttime3)Beowulf’sdeedspresentstheidealvirtuesofancientAngloSaxons.(courage.B.In1359heaccompaniedtheEnglisharmytoFrancein1367hewassentonseveralembassiestoFrance.Thisexperiencehelpedhimgetinacquaintan
11、ceswithFrenchrenaissance.(imitatemewfmsofpoetrywritingtranslateFrenchwks)C.In1367hewassentonseveralembassiestoFlersFranceItalyhethengotinacquaintanceswithItalianrenaissance.(Dante但丁Boccaccio卜伽丘Petrarch彼得拉克)D.Thepoetdiedi
12、n1400wasburiedinWestminsterAbbeythusfoundingthe“Poets’Cner”.6.2Chaucer’smainwks(P42)masterpiece:TheCanterburyTales6.3TheCanterburyTalesItisoneofthemostfamouswksinallliteratures.InarrangingthepoemheimitatestheframewkofBoc
13、caccio’sDecamenon《十日談》：ageneralprologue24taleswithinterlogues.(P43)SignificanceofTheCanterburyTalesA.Chaucercreatedabrilliantpicturesquepanamaofhistimehiscountry.Inthisbookheptrayedactersfromallwalksoflifemadethemtellsti
14、esthatrevealedthelifemannersthoughtsofpeoplefromdifferentsocialclasses.B.Asahumanistheeulogizedhumanistideas.Hebelievedintherightsofmantoearthlyhappiness.Hewaskeentopraiseman’senergyintellectquickwittheloveflife.C.Chauce
15、rintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypestoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse.HewasthefirsttoemployskillfullyheroiccoupletsinEnglishpoeticwriting.D.Hecoveredallthemajtypesofmedievalliteratureinhismasterpieces
16、uchasromancesfolktalesanimalsties.E.ChauceralsocontributedgreatlytothefoundingofEnglishliterarylanguagethebasisofwhichwasfmedbytheLondondialectsoprofoundlyusedbythepoet.Appreciationpfthe“generalPrologue”(P43)ChapterTwoEn
17、glishLiteratureintheRenaissanceMainpoints:I.HisticalbackgroundoftheperiodII.FeaturesofEnglishRenaissanceIII.ImptantliterarymenliterarywksIV.ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareI.HisticalbackgroundoftheperiodThe16thcentur
18、yinEnglwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationstheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.A.EconomicallytheperiodwitnessedtheprogressofbourgeoiseconomywhichwasstimulatedbytheEnclosuremovement.(圈地運動)B.Scientificallyitw
19、asatimeofnewdiscoveriesingeographyastrology.(哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸，哥白尼的“太陽中心說”)Thediscoveryofnewlledtothedevelopmentofoverseastrade.Thenewideasaboutthecentreofthewldarousedsuspiciononmedievalreligion.CThereligiouspoliticalrefminEnglt
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