高級口譯和專八閱讀以及文化常識必讀

1、博聯(lián)兄弟同聲翻譯提醒大家專注本帖：高級口譯和專八閱讀以及文化常識必讀。想過專八的同學和想過高口的同學，本文當成掃盲課，每周溫習一遍。堅持3個月，成人文專家。1、TwomajelementsinEuropeanculture:theGrecoRomanJudeoChristian2、Democracymeans:“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”butby“thewholepeople”theGreeksm

2、eantonlytheadultmalecitizenscitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamaninheritedfromhisfatherwomenchildrenfeignersslaveswereexcludedtheyhavenorights.3、Homerepics:theIliadtheOdyssey4、Dramadevelopedinthe5thcenturyB.CTragedian悲劇作家A

3、eschylus希臘的悲劇詩人埃斯庫羅斯—Prometheus普羅米修斯boundPersiansAgamemnon阿伽門農(nóng)特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭中希臘軍隊的統(tǒng)帥Sophocles—Oedipus[希神]俄狄浦斯thekingElectraAntigone[希神]安提歌尼(底比斯王俄狄普斯之女因違抗禁令而自殺身亡)Euripides歐里庇得斯(希臘的悲劇詩人)—romacheMedea美狄亞(希臘神話中科爾喀斯國王之女以巫術著稱曾幫助過伊阿宋取得金

4、羊毛)Trojan特洛伊womenComedist喜劇作家Aristophanes—FrogscloudsBirdswasps5、PhilosophySocrates蘇格拉底:Dialogues他堅持的觀點是人類的美德是一種知識，因此一切惡行都是無知的結果。Plato柏拉圖:Dialogues對話錄theApologySymposium(dealingwithbeautylove)theRepublicPlato’sphilosophy

5、iscalledidealism理想主義唯心論.Aristotle亞里斯多德:Ethics倫理學PoliticsPoetics詩論Rhetic修辭學重點Whatshouldbeman’saiminlifeAristotle’sanswerwashappinessbutnothappinessinthevulgarsensebutsomethingthatcouldonlybeachievedbyleadingalifeofreasong

6、oodnesscontemplation沉思.6、Cynics犬儒主義P29Asaknighthewaspledged誓言toprotecttheweaktofightfthechurchtobeloyaltohisldrespectwomenofnoblebirth貴族出身.TheseruleswereknownasacodeofChivalry.13、基督教是如何成為合法的唯一宗教并被尊為國教P76Constantine康斯坦丁大帝

7、whowonwarbetweenrivalsfthethrone君主theemperofRoman.HebelievedthatGodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattleissuedtheEdictofMilanin313.Itgranted準予religionsfreedomtoallmadeChristianitylegal.In392A.DemperTheodosiusmadeChristianitythe

8、officialreligionoftheempireoutlawed宣布...為不合法allotherreligious.14、Thecrusades十字軍名字的由來？為什么東征及東征的意義P99ToexpresstheirreligiousfeelingsmanypeopleinthedleAgeswentonjourneystosacred神圣的placeswhereearlyChristianleadershadlived.Th

9、emostimptantofallwasJerusalem耶路撒冷.Butin1071PalestinefelltothearmiesoftheTurkishMoslemswhounliketheArabsattackedtheChristianpilgrims朝圣者，killingmanyofthemsoldmanyothersasslaves.Newofthiskindroused激起greatindignationamongChr

10、istiansinwesternEurope.TheresultwasaseriesofHolywars圣戰(zhàn)calledcrusades十字軍東侵whichwentonabout200years.AllthesoldiersgoingtoPalestinewearedcrossonthetunics束腰外衣assymbolofobedience順從toGod.Significance:1althoughthecrusadesdidnot

11、achievetheirgoaltoregaintheHolyltheyhadanimptanteffectonthefutureofboththeeastwest.TheybroughttheeastintoclosercontactwiththewesttheygreatlyinfluentonhistyofEurope.2crusadeshelpedtobreakdownfeudalism封建主義.3thecrusadesalso

12、resultedinrenewingpeople’sinterestinlearninginvention.15、NationalEpicsP105TheepicwastheproductoftheHeroicAge古希臘的“英雄時代”1Beowulf(700~750A.D)anAngloSaxon盎格魯撒克遜人epic.2SongofRolan羅蘭之詩—about12thA.DItisthemostwellknownofagroupo

13、fFrenchepicsknowsasLaChansondegestes.P11116、Dante但丁AlighieriItalygreatestpoet.Thedivinecomedy《神曲》P11817、Renaissance文藝復興means14th~17thP129Thewd“Renaissance”meansrevivalspecificallyinthisperiodofhistyrevivalofinterestinanc