心理學(xué)專業(yè)外語(yǔ)the cognitive approach to psychology

1、TheThecognitivecognitiveapproachapproachtotopsychologypsychology心理學(xué)的認(rèn)知研究方法‘…cognitionreferstoallthoseprocessesbywhichsensyinputistransfmedreducedelabatedstedrecoveredused…cognitionisinvolvedineverythingahumanbeingmightpo

2、ssiblydo.’Neisser(1966)認(rèn)知涉及到所有這些過(guò)程：感覺(jué)輸入、轉(zhuǎn)換、衰減、整合、儲(chǔ)存、恢復(fù)和運(yùn)用……認(rèn)知可能涉及到人們做的任何事情。奈賽爾（1966）iginsiginshistyhisty1.起源和歷史Thecognitiveapproachbegantorevolutionisepsychologyinthelate1950searly1960stobecomethedominantparadigminthesub

3、jectbythe1970s.認(rèn)知研究方法起源于20世紀(jì)50年代末至60年代初的心理學(xué)變革，并且到20世紀(jì)70年代成為這一學(xué)科（心理學(xué)）中占支配地位的范式。InterestinmentalprocesseshadbeengraduallyresurrectedthroughthewkofpeoplelikeTolmanPiagetbutitwasthearrivalofthecomputerthatgavecognitivepsycho

4、logytheterminologymetaphitneededtoivestigatehumanminds.經(jīng)過(guò)托爾曼和皮亞杰等人的努力，心理學(xué)研究逐漸恢復(fù)了對(duì)心理過(guò)程的興趣，但是，直到計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代的到來(lái)，認(rèn)知心理學(xué)才獲得了研究人類心理所需要的術(shù)語(yǔ)和隱喻。Cognitivepsychologycomparesthehumanmindtoacomputersuggestingmodelsofpsychologicalfunctionsca

5、nbeproposed能夠提出（擬建）心理功能模型researchonthesemodelscanbecarriedouttoconfirmrefutemodifythembytestingobservablebehaviourconsciousrept通過(guò)檢驗(yàn)可觀察的行為和有意識(shí)的的口頭報(bào)告，能夠?qū)@些模型的研究進(jìn)行證實(shí)、反駁或修改。cognitiveprocessesactivelyganisemanipulateinfmation

6、thatwereceivehumansarenotmerelypassiveresponderstotheirenvironment認(rèn)知過(guò)程主動(dòng)地組織和操縱我們接收到的信息—人們不僅僅是他們環(huán)境的被動(dòng)回應(yīng)者。MethodsMethodsofofinvestigationinvestigation3.研究方法Cognitivepsychologistsmostlyemployanomotheticapproachtodiscoverhum

7、ancognitiveprocessesbuthavealsoadoptedidiographictechniquesattimes：認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家通常使用常規(guī)的研究方法去揭示人們的認(rèn)知過(guò)程，但有時(shí)也采用獨(dú)特的技術(shù)。Labatyexperimentationfexamplemanysubjectshavebeenexposedtomemytestsunderstrictlycontrolledconditions.實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)例如，許多被試