簡介：點擊查看更多化學專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文外文文獻翻譯（有word版的）----在飽和二氧化碳溶液中乙氨基咪唑啉衍生物對低碳鋼的緩蝕作用精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：中文中文5820字，字，4400單詞，單詞，21680英文字符英文字符出處出處BIELW,BOBKOK,MACIOROWSKIRCHEMICALCOMPOSITIONANDNUTRITIVEVALUEOFHUSKEDANDNAKEDOATSGRAINJJOURNALOFCEREALSCIENCE,2009,493413418本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文參考文獻譯文及原文學院_輕工化工學院輕工化工學院專業(yè)食品科學與工程食品科學與工程（食品工藝方向）（食品工藝方向）2010年6月目錄1文章綜述12實驗部分221材料2211原料2212化學試劑222實驗方法2221樣品制備2222化學成分2223氨基酸2224分離燕麥蛋白營養(yǎng)價值的估算33結(jié)果與討論5致謝15參考文獻16

簡介：中文中文4125字出處出處OKOCHIM,OHTAH,TANAKAT,ETALELECTROCHEMICALPROBEFORONCHIPTYPEFLOWIMMUNOASSAYIMMUNOGLOBULINGLABELEDWITHFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDEJBIOTECHNOLOGYKOJIMAETAL,2003LIMETAL,2002,2003SALEH和SOHN,2003SATOETAL,2002WANGETAL,1998,2002WANG和JIN,2003二茂鐵衍生物常被用來做免疫分析LIMETAL,2002,2003PADESTEETAL,2000WANGETAL,2002以及DNA雜化測定的（FIG1B）。在兩種方法中，未標記的二茂鐵是通過YM30超濾而除去的。超濾常進行1215次，直至二茂鐵的響應峰消失。與IGG結(jié)合的二茂鐵數(shù)目的確定結(jié)合的二茂鐵數(shù)目的確定羊抗人IGEIGG結(jié)合的二茂鐵平均數(shù)目通過原子吸收光譜儀（AA6600G型號，SHIMAZU,KYOTO,JAPAN）檢測鐵離子濃度而測定。FCCOOH的水溶液作為鐵離子的標準溶液。IGG的濃度可以通過BCA蛋白質(zhì)分析方法檢測（SMITHETAL,1985）。蛋白質(zhì)的濃度是通過三次測定而最終確定。FCCHO標記標記IGG的ELISA分析分析將抗原溶液（10MM人抗原IGE，100ΜL/WELL）置于96孔的聚苯乙烯高密度檢測板（CORNINGGLASS,CORNING,NY）中，室溫下培育1小時。此板用含005％TWEEN20的PBS溶液沖洗三次，然后將200ΜL含有01％BSA（W/V）的PBS溶液加入每個孔中，室溫下培育1小時以抑制活性位點的非特異性吸收。經(jīng)過清洗步驟之后，加入10MM標記FCCHO的羊抗人IGEIGG100ΜL，反應1小時。然后再次清洗實驗板，加入100ΜL的ALP兔抗羊IGG在PBS中稀釋100倍二次抗體，反應1小時；每次親合反應后，實驗板用PBST洗三次。將ALP的底物魯米諾530，滴入每個孔中，然后用LUCY2ANTHOSLABTECINSTRUMENTS,SALZBURG,AUSTRIA檢測光的強度。

簡介：ELECTROCHEMICALPROBEFORONCHIPTYPEFLOWIMMUNOASSAYIMMUNOGLOBULINGLABELEDWITHFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDEMINAOKOCHI,HIROKOOHTA,TSUYOSHITANAKA,TADASHIMATSUNAGADEPARTMENTOFBIOTECHNOLOGYANDLIFESCIENCES,TOKYOUNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTUREANDTECHNOLOGY,22416NAKACHO,KOGANEI,TOKYO1848588,JAPANTELEPHONE81423887020FAX81423857713EMAILTMATSUNACCTUATACJPRECEIVED2JUNE2004ACCEPTED13AUGUST2004PUBLISHEDONLINE25FEBRUARY2005INWILEYINTERSCIENCEWWWINTERSCIENCEWILEYCOMDOI101002/BIT20313ABSTRACTLABELINGOFFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDEFCCHOTOIMMUNOGLOBULINGIGGVIAFORMATIONOFSCHIFFBASEANDITSREDUCTIONWASINVESTIGATEDFORCONSTRUCTIONOFANELECTROCHEMICALPROBEFORMINIATURIZEDAMPEROMETRICFLOWIMMUNOASSAYAPPROXIMATELYEIGHTMOLECULESOFFCCHOWERELABELEDTOIGGANDTHEREVERSIBLEREDOXPROPERTYOFFERROCENEWASOBSERVEDLABELINGEFFICIENCYIMPROVEDBYOVERTHREETIMESASCOMPAREDTOTHECONVENTIONALMETHODUSINGFERROCENEMONOCARBOXYLICACIDFCCOOHALSO,BINDINGAFFINITYOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOTOITSANTIGEN,IGE,WASINVESTIGATEDBYENZYMELINKEDIMMUNOSORBENTASSAYELISAANDSURFACEPLASMONRESONANCEASSAYIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOTHATRETAINEDEIGHTFERROCENEMOIETYSHOWEDSUFFICIENTBINDINGAFFINITYTOITSANTIGENANDTHECURRENTRESPONSEOBTAINEDINTHEFLOWELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONSYSTEMINCREASEDBY14FOLDASCOMPAREDWITHIGGLABELEDWITHFCCOOHWHENAPPLYINGTHEPOTENTIALOF390MVVSAG/AGCLTHEMINIMUMDETECTABLECONCENTRATIONOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOWAS006AMIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHODEMONSTRATEBIOCHEMICALANDELECTROCHEMICALPROPERTIESTHATAREUSEFULFORELECTROCHEMICALIMMUNOSENSORSB2005WILEYPERIODICALS,INCKEYWORDSELECTROCHEMICALPROBESONCHIPIMMUNOASSAYFERROCENEINTRODUCTIONIMMUNOASSAYISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTMETHODSUSEDINCLINICALDIAGNOSES,ENVIRONMENTALANALYSES,ANDBIOCHEMICALSTUDIESIMMUNOSENSORSCANBECATEGORIZEDASOPTICAL,ELECTROCHEMICAL,ANDMICROGRAVIMETRICASSAY,BASEDONTHEDETECTIONPRINCIPLEAPPLIEDLUPPAETAL,2001CHEMILUMINESCENTORFLUORESCENTDETECTIONWITHENZYMELINKEDIMMUNOSORBENTASSAYELISAHASBEENTHEMOSTPRACTICALLYUSEDHOWEVER,ITREQUIRESPRECISEDETECTIONDEVICESFORMINIATURIZEDSYSTEMSWITHASMALLSAMPLEVOLUMETHEELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONMETHODISSUITABLEFORSENSORMINIATURIZATIONANDAUTOMATEDDETECTION,SINCEITISHIGHLYSENSITIVE,LOWCOST,LOWPOWERREQUIREMENTS,ANDHASHIGHCOMPATIBILITYWITHADVANCEDMICROMACHININGTECHNOLOGIESDEVELOPMENTSINMINIATURIZATIONOFCHEMICALANDBIOTECHNOLOGICALPROCESSESHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONALLASPECTSOFDIAGNOSTICTESTINGMINIATURIZEDIMMUNOSENSORS,WHICHCOMBINETHEANALYTICALPOWEROFMICROFLUIDICDEVICESWITHTHEHIGHSPECIFICITYOFANTIBODYANTIGENINTERACTIONS,HAVEBEENINTENSIVELYDEVELOPEDBERNARDETAL,2001KOJIMAETAL,2003LIMETAL,2002,2003SALEHANDSOHN,2003SATOETAL,2002WANGETAL,1998,2002WANGANDJIN,2003FERROCENEDERIVATIVESHAVEOFTENBEENUSEDASELECTROCHEMICALSIGNALINGPROBESFORIMMUNOASSAYLIMETAL,2002,2003PADESTEETAL,2000WANGETAL,2002ASWELLASTHEDNAHYBRIDIZATIONASSAYFANETAL,2003KIMETAL,2003LONGETAL,2003TAKENAKAETAL,1994,2000,2003WANGETAL,2003LABELINGOFFERROCENEDERIVATIVESTOENZYMESSUCHASGLUCOSEOXIDASEHASBEENINTENSIVELYSTUDIEDANDUSEDASMEDIATORSINBIOSENSORSDEGANIANDHELLER,1987,1988,1989GLERIAETAL,1986SUZAWAETAL,1994ALSO,ELECTROACTIVELABELOFIGGWITHFERROCENEMONOCARBOXYLICACIDFCCOOHBYCHEMICALCROSSLINKERS,SULFONHYDROXYSULFOSUCCINIMIDENHSAND1ETHYL33DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLCARBODIIMIDEHYDROCHLORIDEEDC,HASBEENCOMMONLYUSEDLIMETAL,2002,2003ONLYTWOTOTHREEFERROCENEMOIETYHASBEENSTABLYINTRODUCEDTOIGGANDITSBINDINGAFFINITYWASNOTWELLCHARACTERIZEDTHEREFORE,ANEWLABELINGMETHODISREQUIREDFORINTRODUCINGAHIGHERNUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYTOIGGFORSENSITIVEDETECTIONINTHEPRESENTSTUDY,IGGWASLABELEDWITHFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDEFCCHOFORSENSITIVEDETECTIONTHEELECTROCHEMICALPROPERTYOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOWASINVESTIGATEDANDTHENUMBEROFBOUNDFERROCENEMOIETYONIGGWASESTIMATEDBYATOMICABSORPTIONSPECTROSCOPYALSO,BINDINGAFFINITYOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOTOITSANTIGENWASCHARACTERIZEDUSINGFCCHO,ITWASPOSSIBLETOOBTAINAHIGHERELECTROCHEMICALSIGNALDUETOAHIGHERNUMBEROFLABELEDFERROCENEMOIETYONIGGB2005WILEYPERIODICALS,INCCORRESPONDENCETOTADASHIMATSUNAGACONTRACTGRANTSPONSORNEDOCONTRACTGRANTNUMBER30027JECTEDTOQUENCHTHEUNREACTEDSITESHBSEPBUFFER10MMHEPES,150MMNACL,34MEDTA,AND0005V/VTWEEN20WASUSEDASCONSTANTRUNNINGBUFFERFOLLOWINGBINDINGANDREGENERATIONTHESEQUENCEWASREPEATEDTOSEETHEINTERACTIONOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOANDITSANTIGEN,HUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOANDNONLABELEDIGGATAPROTEINCONCENTRATIONINTHERANGEOF004–059AMWASINJECTEDFOR60ALATAFLOWRATEOF25AL/MININJECTIONOFANALYTEWASPERFORMEDFOR180SECFORMONITORINGASSOCIATIONCURVESANDDISSOCIATIONCURVESWEREMONITOREDFORANOTHER180SECBYINJECTIONOFHBSEPBUFFERREGENERATIONOFTHESENSORAFTERINJECTIONOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGWASCONDUCTEDWITHA48SECPULSEOF10MMGLYCINEHCLBUFFERPH26REALTIMEREFERENCECURVESUBTRACTIONOVERANONCOATEDSURFACEWASEMPLOYEDELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOANDFCCOOHCYCLICVOLTAMMETRYOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFERROCENEWASPERFORMEDIN100ALOFSAMPLEUSINGANELECTROCHEMICALANALYZERMODEL832A,BIOANALYTICALSYSTEMSBAS,WLAFAYETTE,INATASCANRATEOF100MV/SAGLASSYCARBONELECTRODEWITHADIAMETEROF10MMBAS,APLATINUMWIRE,ANDSILVER/SILVERCHLORIDEAG/AGCL/KCLWEREUSEDASAWORKING,ACOUNTER,ANDAREFERENCEELECTRODE,RESPECTIVELYFLOWAMPEROMETRICDETECTIONWASPERFORMEDINARADIALFLOWCELLMODEL113456,BASPBSWASFLOWEDATARATEOF170AL/MINAND50ALOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOANDFCCOOHWASFLOWEDINTOTHEFLOWCELLANDTHECURRENTRESPONSEWASMEASUREDUSINGAMPEROMETRICDETECTORMODELLC4C,BASRESULTSLABELINGOFIGGWITHFCCHOANDFCCOOHFORCONSTRUCTIONOFANELECTROCHEMICALIMMUNOASSAYPROBE,LABELINGOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGWITHFCCHOANDFCCOOHWASINVESTIGATEDWHENFCCHOWASADDEDTOANIGGSOLUTIONATAMILDALKALINECONDITIONPH93,ITREACTEDWITHFREEAMINOGROUPSTOFORMANUNSTABLESCHIFFBASETYPECOMPOUNDAFTERTHISREACTIONSTEP,THISSCHIFFBASECOMPOUNDWASREDUCEDWITHSODIUMBOROHYDRIDETHENUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYBOUNDTOGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGINCREASEDWITHANINCREASEDAMOUNTOFFCCHOINTHEREACTIONMIXTUREFIG2AMAXIMUMLABELINGNUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYWASOBTAINEDWHENFCCHOWASREACTEDATAMOLARRATIOOF1400IGGFCCHOINTHEREACTIONMIXTURETHEMAXIMUMMEANNUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYBOUNDTOGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGWASEIGHTTHENUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYBOUNDTOGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGWASREPRODUCIBLEWITHTHREEEXPERIMENTSANDAMEANNUMBEROFSEVENTOEIGHTFERROCENEMOIETYWEREBOUNDTOINDIVIDUALIGGATAHIGHERCONCENTRATIONOFFCCHOINTHEREACTIONMIXTUREWHENIGGANDFCCHOREACTEDATAMOLARRATIOOF1500,AGGREGATIONOFIGGWASOBSERVEDANDTHEBOUNDNUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYINTHEFILTRATEDECREASEDWHENLABELINGGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGWITHFCCOOHVIAREACTIONOFSULFONHSANDEDC,THEMAXIMUMNUMBEROFBOUNDFERROCENEMOIETYWAS2TO3PERINDIVIDUALIGGITWASSHOWNTHATFCCHOCOULDEFFICIENTLYBINDTOIGGBYCHOOSINGANOPTIMUMPHANDREDUCINGSCHIFFBASEELECTROCHEMICALPROPERTIESOFIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOANDFCCOOHCYCLICVOLTAMMOGRAMSOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOWASCARRIEDOUTINPBSATASCANRATEOF100MV/SUSINGAGLASSYCARBONELECTRODEATAPROTEINCONCENTRATIONOF34MG/MLOXIDATIONANDREDUCTIONPEAKSAPPEAREDAT390AND320MVVSAG/AGCL,RESPECTIVELYFIG3FORGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCOOHPROTEINCONCENTRATION,25MG/ML,ONLYASLIGHTOXIDATIONANDREDUCTIONPEAKAPPEAREDAT350AND280MVDATANOTSHOWNAHIGHERELECTROCHEMICALSIGNALCOULDBEOBTAINEDUSINGGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHO,WHICHRETAINSAHIGHERNUMBEROFFERROCENEMOIETYOXIDATIONANDREDUCTIONPEAKSWEREREPRODUCIBLEWITHANERROROF15FORTHREEINDIVIDUALLYPREPAREDIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOALSO,IGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOWASSTABLEFORATLEASTAFEWDAYSANDACHANGEINREDOXPOTENTIALORREDOXPEAKCURRENTWASNOTOBSERVEDBINDINGAFFINITYOFGOATANTIHUMANIGEIGGLABELEDWITHFCCHOTOANTIGENFIGURE4SHOWSTHEDEPENDENCEOFTHEMEANNUMBEROFBOUNDFERROCENEMOIETYPERIGGANDITSBINDINGAFFINITYFIGURE2RELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEMEANNUMBEROFBOUNDFERROCENEMOIETYANDCONCENTRATIONOFFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDEINTHEREACTIONMIXTUREFORPREPARATIONOFIGGLABELEDWITHFERROCENECARBOALDEHYDE16BIOTECHNOLOGYANDBIOENGINEERING,VOL90,NO1,APRIL5,2005

簡介：THEOPENAGRICULTUREJOURNAL,2010,4,931019318743315/102010BENTHAMOPENOPENACCESSEVALUATIONOFTHECHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFDIFFERENTNONWOODYPLANTFIBERSUSEDFORPULPANDPAPERMANUFACTURINGGISELAMARQUES,JORGERENCORET,ANAGUTIéRREZANDJOSéCDELRíOINSTITUTODERECURSOSNATURALESYAGROBIOLOGíADESEVILLA,CSIC,POBOX1052,41080SEVILLE,SPAINABSTRACTTHECHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFSEVERALNONWOODYPLANTFIBERSBASTFIBERSFROMFLAX,HEMP,KENAF,JUTELEAFFIBERSFROMSISAL,ABACAANDCURAUAANDGIANTREED,WHICHAREUSEDASRAWMATERIALSFORPULPANDPAPERMAKING,HASBEENEVALUATEDPARTICULARATTENTIONWASPAIDTOTHECOMPOSITIONOFTHELIPOPHILICCOMPOUNDSANDTHESTRUCTUREOFTHELIGNINPOLYMERSINCETHEYAREIMPORTANTCOMPONENTSOFTHEFIBERTHATSTRONGLYINFLUENCETHEPULPINGANDBLEACHINGPERFORMANCESKEYWORDSNONWOODYFIBERS,FLAX,HEMP,KENAF,JUTE,SISAL,ABACA,GIANTREED,PAPERPULP,LIPOPHILICEXTRACTIVES,LIGNIN1INTRODUCTIONANALTERNATIVETOWOODYRAWMATERIALSFORPULPANDPAPERPRODUCTIONINDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESISTHEUSEOFNONWOODYFIBERSFROMFIELDCROPSANDAGRICULTURALRESIDUESINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,NONWOODYFIBERSAREMAINLYUSEDFORTHEPRODUCTIONOFSPECIALTYPAPERS,IE,TEABAGS,FILTERPAPERS,BANKNOTES,ETCONTHEOTHERHAND,THEREISAGROWINGNEEDWITHINEUROPETOCONSIDERALTERNATIVEAGRICULTURALSTRATEGIESTHATMOVEANAGRICULTURALINDUSTRYPURELYFOCUSEDONFOODPRODUCTIONTOONETHATALSOSUPPLIESTHENEEDSOFOTHERINDUSTRIALSECTORS,SUCHASPAPERANDTEXTILESNONWOODFIBERS,THEREFORE,COULDBECOMEIMPORTANTRAWMATERIALSINTHISTRANSFORMATION13THEMAINSOURCESOFNONWOODYRAWMATERIALSAREAGRICULTURALRESIDUESFROMMONOCOTYLEDONS,INCLUDINGCEREALSTRAWANDBAGASSE,ORPLANTSGROWNSPECIFICALLYFORTHEFIBER,SUCHASBAMBOO,REEDS,ANDSOMEOTHERGRASSPLANTSSUCHASFLAX,HEMP,KENAF,JUTE,SISAL,ORABACANONWOODYPLANTSOFFERSEVERALADVANTAGESINCLUDINGSHORTGROWTHCYCLES,MODERATEIRRIGATIONREQUIREMENTSANDLOWLIGNINCONTENT,WHICHINPRINCIPLEWOULDRESULTINREDUCEDENERGYANDCHEMICALSCONSUMPTIONDURINGPULPING4PLANTFIBERSARECONSTITUTEDBYTHREESTRUCTURALPOLYMERSTHEPOLYSACCHARIDESCELLULOSE,ANDHEMICELLULOSESANDTHEAROMATICPOLYMERLIGNINASWELLASBYSOMEMINORNONSTRUCTURALCOMPONENTSIEPROTEINS,EXTRACTIVES,MINERALSPULPINGANDBLEACHINGPERFORMANCESAREHIGHLYDEPENDENTONTHERELATIVECONTENT,STRUCTUREANDREACTIVITYOFTHEPLANTCOMPONENTSINPARTICULAR,THELIGNINCONTENTANDITSCOMPOSITIONINTERMSOFPHYDROXYPHENYLH,GUAIACYLGANDSYRINGYLSMOIETIESANDTHEDIFFERENTINTERUNITLINKAGESAREIMPORTANTFACTORSINPULPPRODUCTIONAFFECTINGTHEDELIGNIFICATIONRATEITHASBEENSHOWNTHATHIGHERS/GRATIOSINWOODSIMPLIEDHIGHERDELIGNIFICATIONRATES,LESSALKALICONSUMPTIONANDTHEREFOREHIGHERPULPYIELD5ONTHEOTHERADDRESSCORRESPONDENCETOTHISAUTHORATTHEINSTITUTODERECURSOSNATURALESYAGROBIOLOGíADESEVILLA,CSIC,POBOX1052,41080SEVILLE,SPAINTEL34954624711FAX34954624002EMAILGISELAIRNASECSICESHAND,AMONGTHENONSTRUCTURALCOMPONENTS,LIPOPHILICEXTRACTIVESPRESENTSPECIALRELEVANCEDUETOTHEIRHIGHIMPACTINPAPERPULPMANUFACTURING6LIPOPHILICEXTRACTIVESINCLUDEDIFFERENTCLASSESOFCOMPOUNDSIEALKANES,FATTYALCOHOLS,FATTYACIDS,FREEANDCONJUGATEDSTEROLS,TERPENOIDS,TRIGLYCERIDESANDWAXES,WHICHHAVEDIFFERENTBEHAVIORDURINGPULPINGANDBLEACHING68THESELIPOPHILICCOMPOUNDS,EVENWHENPRESENTINLOWAMOUNTSINTHERAWMATERIAL,MAYPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEDURINGTHEINDUSTRIALWOODPROCESSINGFORPULPANDPAPERPRODUCTIONSINCETHEYAREATTHEORIGINOFTHESOCALLEDPITCHDEPOSITSPITCHDEPOSITIONISASERIOUSPROBLEMINTHEPULPANDPAPERINDUSTRYBEINGRESPONSIBLEFORREDUCEDPRODUCTIONLEVELS,HIGHEREQUIPMENTMAINTENANCECOSTS,HIGHEROPERATINGCOSTS,ANDANINCREASEDINCIDENCEOFDEFECTSINTHEFINISHEDPRODUCTS,WHICHREDUCESQUALITYANDBENEFITS6INORDERTOMAXIMIZETHEEXPLOITATIONOFNONWOODYPLANTFIBERSFORPAPERPULPPRODUCTION,AMORECOMPLETEUNDERSTANDINGOFITSCHEMISTRYISREQUIREDMOSTSTUDIESHAVEBEENDEVOTEDTOTHECHEMICALCHARACTERIZATIONOFWOODYMATERIALS,WHILESTUDIESONNONWOODYFIBERSHAVEBEENCOMPARATIVELYSCARCEINTHISCONTEXT,THEMAINOBJECTIVEOFTHISWORKISTOREVISEANDEVALUATETHECHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFDIFFERENTNONWOODYPLANTFIBERSUSEDFORPULPANDPAPERMAKING,THATWILLHELPIMPROVINGTHEINDUSTRIALPROCESSESINWHICHTHEYAREUSEDASRAWMATERIALS2ANALYTICALMETHODOLOGIES21SAMPLESTHESAMPLESSELECTEDFORTHISSTUDYWEREBASTFIBERSFROMFLAXLINUMUSITATISSIMUM,HEMPCANNABISSATIVA,KENAFHIBISCUSCANNABINUSANDJUTECORCHORUSCAPSULARISLEAFFIBERSFROMSISALAGAVESISALANA,ABACAMUSATEXTILISANDCURAUAANANASERECTIFOLIUSASWELLASGIANTREEDARUNDODONAX22CHEMICALANALYSESFORHEMICELLULOSEANDKLASONLIGNINCONTENTESTIMATION,MILLEDSAMPLESWEREEXTRACTEDWITHACETONEINASOXHLETAPEVALUATIONOFTHECHEMICALCOMPOSITIONOFDIFFERENTNONWOODYTHEOPENAGRICULTUREJOURNAL,2010,VOLUME495HETEROGENEITYOFTHECOMPOUNDSTHATMAYOCCURANDTHEIRDIFFERENTBEHAVIORDURINGPULPING,THEKNOWLEDGEOFTHECHEMICALNATUREOFTHESECOMPONENTS,ESPECIALLYTHELIPOPHILICCOMPOUNDS,ISIMPORTANTINORDERTOPREDICTANDCONTROLTHEEVENTUALPITCHPROBLEMSTHATMAYOCCURDURINGPULPINGANDBLEACHINGANDTOESTABLISHAPPROPRIATEMETHODSANDSTRATEGIESFORTHEIRCONTROLTHECOMPOSITIONOFTHELIPIDSPRESENTINTHEDIFFERENTFIBERSWASSTUDIEDBYGCANDGCMSANDISSHOWNINTABLE4THEMAINLIPIDCLASSESFOUNDINTHENONWOODYFIBERSARETABLE1MORPHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSLENGTHANDWIDTHOFTHESELECTEDFIBERS19FIBERSOURCELENGTHΜMWIDTHΜML/WRATIOBASTFIBERSFLAX280002113501HEMP200002210001KENAF2740201351JUTE2000201001LEAFFIBERSSISAL3030171801ABACA6000203001CURAUANANANAREEDSGIANTREED118015781WOODSFORCOMPARISONSOFTWOODS3000301001HARDWOODS125025501NANOTAVAILABLETABLE2COMPOSITIONOFTHEMAINCONSTITUENTSOFTHESELECTEDFIBERSOFDRYMATTER2022ASHACETONEEXTRACTIVESWATERSOLUBLESKLASONLIGNINACIDSOLUBLELIGNINHOLOCELLULOSEBASTFIBERSFLAX1507132916920HEMP2005124615903KENAF18101111430819JUTE24050413328816LEAFFIBERSSISAL1007235930850ABACA0905177714856CURAUA1353514916925REEDSGIANTREED421685247ND498

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]應用化學外文翻譯--一種方便的合成氨基甲酸酯硒的方法精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：中文中文2830字出處出處WANGJ,GUODONGLIUAULTRASENSITIVEELECTRICALBIOSENSINGOFPROTEINSANDDNA鈥CARBONNANOTUBEDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONOFTHERECOGNITIONANDTRANSDUCTIONEVENTSJJOURNALOFTHEAMERICANCHEMICALSOCIETY,2004,1261030101超靈敏免疫和超靈敏免疫和DNADNA電化學生物分析電化學生物分析應用碳納米管放大分子識別和傳導過程應用碳納米管放大分子識別和傳導過程蛋白質(zhì)和DNA檢測技術(shù)在基因疾病的診斷和治療，傳染性疾病的檢測，藥物的開發(fā)，生物戰(zhàn)爭預警中起著非常重要的作用。這些生物檢測通常依賴DNA雜交或抗原抗體相互作用，可達到超靈敏度的檢測。由于電化學傳感器具有靈敏度高、簡單、可微型化，低成本和高需求的特點，非常適用于生物檢測。酶標記在蛋白質(zhì)和DNA超靈敏電化學生物親和性檢測中起著很大的作用。HLELLER，小組5，6通過DNA上連接HRP酶標記物和采用一種可加快電子傳遞的氧化聚合物可實現(xiàn)DNA的高靈敏度的電化學檢測（低至5ZMOL）。WILLNER,S小組7～8通過生物催化沉積酶反應產(chǎn)物可獲得信號的多重放大，從而實現(xiàn)極低的檢測限（25AMOL），酶聯(lián)電化學蛋白質(zhì)檢測信號可通過雙酶底物體系底物循環(huán)或者酶產(chǎn)物的離子交換富集產(chǎn)物來進行放大。然而，在電化學生物檢測中，放大生物識別傳導信號仍是一個重大的挑戰(zhàn)。為了滿足蛋白質(zhì)和核酸電化學檢測高靈敏度的要求，我們需要新的方法，通過酶生物催化反應來放大信號。在本文中，我們利用碳納米管（CNTS）顯著放大蛋白質(zhì)和DNA的識別和電化學傳導信號。CNTS所特有的電學性能、化學性能和機械性質(zhì)使其非常適用于電化學傳感器1，2。大多數(shù)CNT傳感器主要是利用CNTS特有的表面性質(zhì)來促進在生物催化裝置中電子轉(zhuǎn)移反應，在我們新的生物親和性檢測中（圖1），CNTS起著放大識別和傳導信號的雙重作用，也就是CNTS上載有大量酶及積累了大量酶反應的產(chǎn)物。這些新奇的方法和CNTS預富集的功能反映了CNTS具有很大的比表面積，并可用ALP酶標來證實。通過采用CNTS的放大處理從而降低檢測限的一些方法已被報道過，因此很適用于電化學DNA檢測。圖，這些微觀圖片是HITACHIH7000儀器在工作電壓為75KV下拍下的。從圖3DNA分子雜交（A）和抗原抗體生物檢測中可以看到由于CNT的雙重放大作用引起了傳感信號的明顯增強?；趩蚊笜擞浳锖鸵粋€玻碳電極的傳統(tǒng)檢測方法既不能對10PGML1的目標DNA（A，A）也不能對80PGML1的IGG（B，B）產(chǎn)生響應。基于載有ALP酶的CNTS（B）的第一放大步驟為這些分析物的低濃度檢測提供了方便。單ALP酶檢測即使在分析物濃度較高（1000倍）的條件下仍顯示一個較低的信號（圖中未標出）。改進方法后的檢測靈敏度達到將近104，正好與每個CNT上載有的ALP酶估計量相一致。用涂覆上鏈霉親合素的聚苯乙烯代替CNT來裝載粒子獲得的靈敏度增強約僅為單酶檢測的50倍。在信號第二放大途徑，即用CNT修飾傳感器可獲得更強的DNA和蛋白質(zhì)檢測信號（約是用鏈霉親合素修飾聚苯乙烯檢測的30倍）（C）。后者反映了在CNT層強烈地吸附著大量游離的Α奈酚。在CNT上富集產(chǎn)物的現(xiàn)象可用由沉積時間的不同而引起的Α奈酚信號的突增來描述（與裸電極上產(chǎn)生的時間信號關(guān)系相比較；見圖2的支持信息）。圖310PGML1目標寡核苷酸（A）和80PGML1IGG（B）分別在玻碳電極（A）單ALP酶標（B）和載有大量ALP酶標的CNT上用計時電勢分析法進行檢測產(chǎn)生的信號。在檢測中（C）除了使用CNT修飾的玻碳電極外與（B）均相同。磁性粒子量，50UG；分別進行20和30分鐘的DNA雜交和抗原/抗體免疫反應；樣品體積，50UL。檢測，往樣品中加入50ULΑ奈基磷酸鹽（50MM）溶液進行酶反應20分鐘。產(chǎn)物Α奈酚的測量在裸或者是已用

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]化學專業(yè)外文翻譯--在振動中羰基化反應的催化起始階段精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--食品科學與工程外文翻譯--去殼裸燕麥粒的化學組成和營養(yǎng)價值精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--食品科學與工程外文翻譯----胡蘿卜酸奶感官、化學性質(zhì)、微生物特性與消費者接受度精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--環(huán)境工程印染廢水處理外文翻譯--催化法處理合成染料廢水化學需氧量及色度的去除精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--用于制漿造紙的不同非木本植物纖維的化學組成的評價精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--去殼裸燕麥粒的化學組成和營養(yǎng)價值（英文）中英全精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：點擊查看更多[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--β-葡聚糖水膠體復合物在無脂肪酸奶貯藏期間對其物理，化學和風味質(zhì)量影響精彩內(nèi)容。

簡介：ULTRASENSITIVEELECTRICALBIOSENSINGOFPROTEINSANDDNACARBONNANOTUBEDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONOFTHERECOGNITIONANDTRANSDUCTIONEVENTSJOSEPHWANG,GUODONGLIU,ANDMRASULJAN?DEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRYANDBIOCHEMISTRY,NEWMEXICOSTATEUNIVERSITY,LASCRUCES,NEWMEXICO88003RECEIVEDDECEMBER15,2003EMAILJOEWANGNMSUEDUTHEDETECTIONOFDNAANDPROTEINSISOFCENTRALIMPORTANCETOTHEDIAGNOSISANDTREATMENTOFGENETICDISEASES,TOTHEDETECTIONOFINFECTIOUSAGENTS,DRUGDISCOVERY,ORWARNINGAGAINSTBIOWARFAREAGENTS14SUCHBIODETECTIONCOMMONLYRELIESONHYBRIDIZATIONORANTIGENANTIBODYAGABINTERACTIONS,ANDREQUIRESPROPERATTENTIONTOTHEACHIEVEMENTOFULTRASENSITIVEMEASUREMENTSELECTROCHEMICALTRANSDUCERSAREVERYATTRACTIVEFORSUCHBIOASSAYS,OWINGTOTHEIRHIGHSENSITIVITY,INHERENTSIMPLICITYANDMINIATURIZATION,ANDLOWCOSTANDPOWERREQUIREMENTSTHEUSEOFENZYMELABELSTOGENERATEELECTRICALSIGNALSHASBEENEXTREMELYUSEFULFORULTRASENSITIVEELECTROCHEMICALBIOAFFINITYASSAYSOFPROTEINSANDDNAHELLER’SGROUP5,6DEMONSTRATEDTHATAHIGHLYSENSITIVEAMPEROMETRICMONITORINGOFDNAHYBRIDIZATIONDOWNTO5ZMOLCOULDBEACHIEVEDINCONNECTIONWITHAHORSERADISHPEROXIDASEHRPLABELEDTARGETANDANELECTRONCONDUCTINGREDOXPOLYMERHRPLABELHASBEENCOMBINEDBYWILLNER’SGROUP7,8WITHABIOCATALYTICPRECIPITATIVEACCUMULATIONOFTHEENZYMEGENERATINGPRODUCTTOACHIEVEMULTIPLEAMPLIFICATIONSANDVERYLOW25AMOLDETECTIONLIMITSEFFORTSTOAMPLIFYENZYMELINKEDELECTRICALPROTEINASSAYSINCLUDEDDUALENZYMESUBSTRATERECYCLING9ORIONEXCHANGEACCUMULATIONOFTHEPRODUCT10YET,AMPLIFIEDTRANSDUCTIONOFBIOLOGICALRECOGNITIONEVENTSREMAINSAMAJORCHALLENGETOELECTRICALBIOASSAYSNEWSCHEMESBASEDONCOUPLINGTHEBIOCATALYTICAMPLIFICATIONOFENZYMETAGSWITHADDITIONALAMPLIFICATIONUNITSANDPROCESSESAREHIGHLYDESIREDFORMEETINGTHEHIGHSENSITIVITYDEMANDSOFELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONOFPROTEINSANDNUCLEICACIDSHEREWEDEMONSTRATETHEUSEOFCARBONNANOTUBESCNTSFORDRAMATICALLYAMPLIFYINGENZYMEBASEDBIOAFFINITYELECTRICALSENSINGOFPROTEINSANDDNATHEUNIQUEELECTRONIC,CHEMICAL,ANDMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFCNTSMAKETHEMEXTREMELYATTRACTIVEFORELECTROCHEMICALSENSORS11,12MOSTCNTSENSINGWORKHASFOCUSEDONTHEABILITYOFSURFACECONFINEDCNTSTOPROMOTEELECTRONTRANSFERREACTIONSINVOLVEDINBIOCATALYTICDEVICES13,14INOURNEWBIOAFFINITYASSAYSFIGURE1,CNTSPLAYADUALAMPLIFICATIONROLEINBOTHTHERECOGNITIONANDTRANSDUCTIONEVENTS,NAMELYASCARRIERSFORNUMEROUSENZYMETAGSANDFORACCUMULATINGTHEPRODUCTOFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONTHESENOVELSUPPORTANDPRECONCENTRATIONFUNCTIONSOFCNTSREFLECTTHEIRLARGESPECIFICSURFACEAREA15ANDAREILLUSTRATEDUSINGTHEALKALINEPHOSPHATASEALPENZYMETRACERSUCHCOUPLINGOFSEVERALCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONPROCESSESLEADSTOTHELOWESTDETECTIONLIMITREPORTEDTHUSFARFORELECTRICALDNADETECTIONTHENEWCNTBASEDAMPLIFIEDBIOELECTRONICPROTOCOLFIGURE1INVOLVESTHESANDWICHHYBRIDIZATIONAORANTIGENANTIBODYBBINDINGALONGWITHMAGNETICSEPARATIONOFTHEANALYTELINKEDMAGNETICBEAD/CNTASSEMBLYA,FOLLOWEDBYENZYMATICAMPLIFICATIONB,ANDCHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSTRIPPINGDETECTIONOFTHEPRODUCTATTHECNTMODIFIEDELECTRODECOURTEMOBSERVATIONSEG,FIGURE2INDICATETHATTHEHYBRIDIZATIONEVENTLEADSTOCROSSLINKINGOFTHEALPLOADEDCNTSANDTHEMAGNETICBEADSWITHTHEDNADUPLEXACTINGAS“GLUE”TOOURKNOWLEDGE,THISISTHEFIRSTEXAMPLEOFUSINGDNAFORLINKINGPARTICLESTOCNTSNOSUCHAGGREGATIONWASOBSERVEDINTHEPRESENCEOFNONCOMPLEMENTARYOLIGONUCLEOTIDESBAPPARENTLY,WITHOUTTHERECOGNITIONEVENT,THEALPTAGGEDCNTSAREREMOVEDBYTHEMAGNETICSEPARATION,LEAVINGTHEMAGNETICBEADSBEHINDALPWASIMMOBILIZEDONCNTSUSINGA1ETHYL33DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLCARBODIIMIDELINKERSEEFIGURE1INSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONACOVERAGEOFAROUND9600ENZYMEMOLECULESPERACNTIE,BINDINGEVENTWASESTIMATEDFROMASEPARATEELECTROCHEMICALEXPERIMENTCOMPARINGTHERNAPHTHOLRESPONSEOFKNOWNAMOUNTSOFALPLOADEDCNTSANDALPASSUMINGSIMILARACTIVITIESFORTHEFREEANDBOUNDALPTHEDRAMATICSIGNALENHANCEMENTASSOCIATEDWITHTHECNTBASEDDUALAMPLIFICATIONROUTEISDEMONSTRATEDINFIGURE3FORDNAHYBRIDIZATIONAANDAGABBBIOASSAYSTHECONVENTIONALPROTOCOLS,BASEDONTHESINGLEENZYMETAGANDAGLASSYCARBONTRANSDUCER,ARENOTRESPONDINGTOEITHER10PGML1DNATARGETA,AOR80PGML1IGGB,ATHEFIRSTAMPLIFICATIONSTEPBASEDONTHEALPLOADEDCNTSBOFFERSCONVENIENTDETECTIONOFTHESELOWANALYTECONCENTRATIONSTHESINGLEALPPROTOCOLSDISPLAYEDA?PERMANENTADDRESSDEPARTMENTOFCHEMISTRY,UNIVERSITYOFPESHAWAR,PAKISTANFIGURE1SCHEMATICREPRESENTATIONOFTHEANALYTICALPROTOCOLACAPTUREOFTHEALPLOADEDCNTTAGSTOTHESTREPTAVIDINMODIFIEDMAGNETICBEADSBYASANDWICHDNAHYBRIDIZATIONAORABAGABINTERACTIONBBENZYMATICREACTIONCELECTROCHEMICALDETECTIONOFTHEPRODUCTOFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONATTHECNTMODIFIEDGLASSYCARBONELECTRODEMB,MAGNETICBEADSP,DNAPROBE1T,DNATARGETP2,DNAPROBE2AB1,FIRSTANTIBODYAG,ANTIGENAB2,SECONDARYANTIBODYSANDP,SUBSTRATEANDPRODUCT,RESPECTIVELY,OFTHEENZYMATICREACTIONGC,GLASSYCARBONELECTRODECNT,CARBONNANOTUBELAYERFIGURE2TEMIMAGESOFTHEMAGNETICBEADSDNACNTASSEMBLYPRODUCEDFOLLOWINGA20MINHYBRIDIZATIONWITHTHE10AAND0BPGML1TARGETSAMPLETHEMICROGRAPHSWERETAKENWITHAHITACHIH7000INSTRUMENTOPERATEDAT75KVPUBLISHEDONWEB02/18/200430109JAMCHEMSOC2004,126,30103011101021/JA031723WCCC2750?2004AMERICANCHEMICALSOCIETYLOWERSIGNALFORASIGNIFICANTLY1000FOLDHIGHERTARGETCONCENTRATIONNOTSHOWNTHENEARLY104IMPROVEMENTINTHESENSITIVITYISINGOODAGREEMENTWITHTHEESTIMATEDALPLOADINGPERCNTONLY～50FOLDSENSITIVITYENHANCEMENTWASOBSERVEDBYUSINGASTREPTAVIDINCOATEDPOLYSTYRENECARRIERBEADINSTEADOFTHECNTSUPPORTFURTHERENHANCEMENTSOFTHEDNAANDPROTEINSIGNALSBY～30FOLDAREOBSERVEDINTHESECONDAMPLIFICATIONPATH,EMPLOYINGTHECNTMODIFIEDTRANSDUCERCTHELATTERREFLECTTHESTRONGADSORPTIVEACCUMULATIONOFTHELIBERATEDRNAPHTHOLONTHECNTLAYERTHEPRECONCENTRATIONFEATUREOFTHECNTLAYERWASINDICATEDFROMTHEUSEOFDIFFERENTACCUMULATIONTIMESTHATLEDTOASHARPINCREASEINTHERNAPHTHOLSIGNALCOMPAREDTOTHETIMEINDEPENDENTSIGNALOBSERVEDATTHEBAREELECTRODESEEFIGURE2INSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONFIGURE4ADISPLAYSTYPICALCHRONOPOTENTIOGRAMSFOREXTREMELYLOWTARGETDNACONCENTRATIONS001100PGML1AEWELLDEFINEDRNAPHTHOLSIGNALSAREOBSERVEDFORTHESELOWDNACONCENTRATIONSINCONNECTIONWITH20MINHYBRIDIZATIONTHERESULTINGPLOTOFRESPONSEVSLOGTARGETSHOWNASINSETISLINEARANDSUITABLEFORQUANTITATIVEWORKTHEFAVORABLERESPONSEOFTHE5FGML1DNATARGETBINDICATESAREMARKABLYLOWDETECTIONLIMITOFAROUND1FGML154AM,IE,820COPIESOR13ZMOLINTHE25ΜLSAMPLESUCHALOWDETECTIONLIMITCOMPARESFAVORABLYWITHTHELOWESTVALUESOF5ZMOL3000COPIESAND25AMOLREPORTEDFORELECTRICALDNADETECTION6,8SIMILARLY,IGGWASDETERMINEDWITHADETECTIONLIMITOF500FGML1160ZMOLIN25ΜLSAMPLESANDEXHIBITSAWELLDEFINEDLOGARITHMICCONCENTRATIONDEPENDENCETHESMALLERSIGNALOBSERVEDINACONTROLEXPERIMENTFORAHUGE～106EXCESSOFANONCOMPLEMENTARYOLIGONUCLEOTIDEFIGURE4,CVSBREFLECTSTHEHIGHSELECTIVITYASSOCIATEDWITHTHEEFFECTIVEMAGNETICSEPARATIONTHEAMPLIFIEDELECTRICALSIGNALISCOUPLEDTOAGOODREPRODUCIBILITYTWOSERIESOFSIXREPETITIVEMEASUREMENTSOF1PGML1DNATARGETOR08NGML1IGGYIELDEDREPRODUCIBLESIGNALSWITHRELATIVESTANDARDDEVIATIONSOF56AND89,RESPECTIVELYINCONCLUSION,WEHAVEDEMONSTRATEDACNTBASEDDUALAMPLIFICATIONROUTEFORULTRASENSITIVEELECTRICALBIOASSAYSOFPROTEINSANDDNATHEUSEOFCNTAMPLIFIERSLOADEDWITHNUMEROUSALPTAGSHASBEENCOMBINEDWITHTHEPRECONCENTRATIONFEATUREOFCNTTRANSDUCERSTOYIELDADRAMATICENHANCEMENTOFTHESENSITIVITYSUCHCOUPLINGOFSEVERALCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONPROCESSESRESULTSINHIGHLYSENSITIVEDETECTIONOFPROTEINSANDDNAANDHENCEINDICATESGREATPROMISEFORPCRFREEDNAASSAYSFURTHERIMPROVEMENTSINTHESENSITIVITYAREEXPECTEDEITHERTHROUGHREDUCINGTHEELECTRODESIZEANDSAMPLEVOLUME6ORBYSUBSTRATERECYCLING9THENEWCNTDERIVEDAMPLIFICATIONBIOASSAYSAREEXPECTEDTOOPENNEWOPPORTUNITIESFORMEDICALDIAGNOSTICSANDPROTEINANALYSISTHEFINDINGTHATDNAHYBRIDIZATIONCANBEUSEDFORLINKINGCNTSTOPARTICLESHOLDSPROMISEFORASSEMBLINGCONTROLLABLENANOSCALESYSTEMSACKNOWLEDGMENTFINANCIALSUPPORTFROMTHENATIONALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONGRANTCHE0209707ANDNATIONALINSTITUTESOFHEALTHAWARDR01A105604701ISGRATEFULLYACKNOWLEDGEDSUPPORTINGINFORMATIONAVAILABLERELATEDEXPERIMENTALCONDITIONSINSTRUMENTATION,REAGENTS,SEQUENCES,ANDPROCEDURESALONGWITHADDITIONALDATAPDFTHISMATERIALISAVAILABLEFREEOFCHARGEVIATHEINTERNETATHTTP//PUBSACSORGREFERENCES1PALECEK,EFOJTA,MANALCHEM2001,73,75A2DRUMMOND,TGHILL,MGBARTON,JKNATBIOTECHNOL2003,21,11923WANG,JCHEMEURJ1999,5,16814GOODING,JJELECTROANALYSIS2002,14,11495CARUANA,DJHELLER,AJAMCHEMSOC1999,121,7696ZHANG,YKIM,HHELLER,AANALCHEM2003,75,32677PATOLSKY,FKATZ,EBARDEA,AWILLNER,ILANGMUIR1996,12,37038PATOLSKY,FLITCHENSTEIN,AWILLNER,IANGEWCHEM,INTED2000,39,9409BAUER,CEREMENKO,AEHRENTREICHFOSTER,EBIER,FMAKOWER,AHALSALL,HBHEINEMAN,WRSCHELLER,FWANALCHEM1996,68,245310LIMOGES,BDEGRAND,CANALCHEM1996,68,414111BAUGHMAN,RHZAKHIDOV,ADEHEER,WASCIENCE2002,297,78712ZHAO,QGAN,ZZHUANG,QELECTROANALYSIS2002,14,160913WANG,JMUSAMEH,MLIN,YJAMCHEMSOC2003,125,240814RUBIANES,MDRIVAS,GAELECTROCHEMCOMMUN2003,5,68915PEIGNEY,ALAURENT,CFLAHAUT,EBASCA,RROUSSET,ACARBON2001,39,507JA031723WFIGURE3CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSIGNALSFOR10PGML1TARGETOLIGONUCLEOTIDEAAND80PGML1IGGBUSINGTHEGLASSYCARBONGCTRANSDUCERANDAASINGLEALPTAGANDBCNTLOADEDWITHMULTIPLEALPTAGSCSAMEASBBUTUSINGTHECNTMODIFIEDGCELECTRODEAMOUNTOFMAGNETICBEADS,50ΜGSANDWICHASSAYWITH20AND30MINFOREACHHYBRIDIZATIONEVENTANDAG/ABASSOCIATION,RESPECTIVELYSAMPLEVOLUME,50ΜLDETECTION,ADDITIONOF50ΜLRNAPHTHYLPHOSPHATE50MMSOLUTIONWITHA20MINENZYMATICREACTIONMEASUREMENTSOFTHERNAPHTHOLPRODUCTWEREPERFORMEDATTHEBAREORMODIFIEDGCELECTRODES,USINGA2MINACCUMULATIONAT02VINASTIRREDPHOSPHATEBUFFERSOLUTION005M,PH741ML,FOLLOWEDBYA10SRESTPERIODWITHOUTSTIRRINGANDAPPLICATIONOFANANODICCURRENTOF50ΜASEESUPPORTINGINFORMATIONFORTHECONCENTRATIONSOFTHEOLIGONUCLEOTIDEPROBESANDANTIBODY,ANDSEQUENCEOFOLIGONUCLEOTIDEPROBES,LEVELSANDPREPARATIONOFTHEALPDNACNTANDALPSTREPTAVIDINCNTCONJUGATESFIGURE4CHRONOPOTENTIOMETRICSIGNALSFORINCREASINGLEVELSOFTHEDNATARGETA001,B01,C1,D50,E100PGML1ALSOSHOWNINSETISTHERESULTINGCALIBRATIONPLOTA,ANDTHERESPONSEFOR5FGML1TARGETDNABAND10NGML1NONCOMPLEMENTARYNCOLIGONUCLEOTIDECSAMPLEVOLUME,25ΜLBAND50ΜLCOTHERCONDITIONS,ASINFIGURE3A,CBASEDONPROTOCOLOFFIGURE1AACCOMMUNICATIONSJAMCHEMSOC9VOL126,NO10,20043011