英語劃分句子成分精講和練習題

1、句子成分講解與練習1英語句子成分和英語句子結構講解及練習句子句子從目的上分：1.陳述句2疑問句1）一般疑問句2）選擇疑問句3）反意疑問句4）特殊疑問句5）雙重疑問句3祈使句4感嘆句句子從結構上分：1簡單句2并列句（并列復合句）3復合句（主從復合句）1）名詞性從句：（1）主從(2)賓從(3)表從(4)同從2）形容詞性從句定從（限定性的定語從句和非限定性的定語從句）3)副詞性從句（狀從）簡單句的五種基本句型五種句子的基本結構，主謂主謂賓主系

2、表主謂雙賓語（間賓直賓）主謂復合賓語（賓賓補）主語（subject）:是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動作的主體。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashttimeinhisty.(數詞)Seeingisbelieving.（動名詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主語從句）Itisveryclearthattheele

3、phantisroundtalllikeatree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）謂語（predicate）:說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Helikesplayingthegames.表語（predicative）:系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Fivefiveisten.（數詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Hisfatherisin.（副詞）Th

4、epictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)Mywatchisgonemissinglost.（形容詞化的分詞）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoIcan’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語從句）（常見的系動詞有:befeel(摸起來sound（聽起來）look（看起來）taste（嘗、吃起來）smell（聞起來）keepstayremain（

5、保持，仍是）getbecometurnfeel（感覺）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.賓語：1）動作的承受者動賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Ho

6、wmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（數詞）Weshouldhelptheoldthepo.Ienjoywkingwithyou.（動名詞）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（賓語從句）2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnowtherearemanyrocks.3）雙賓語間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He

7、gavemeabookyesterday.Givethepomansomemoney.賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonit.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語）Don’tlethimdothat.（

8、省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現在分詞）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（過去分詞）主補：對主語的補充。Hewaselectedmonit.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定語：

9、修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdwld.（數詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)Theboysp

10、layingfootballareinClass2.（現在分詞）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過去分詞）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語從句）狀語：用來修飾v.adj.adv.句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步怎樣劃分英語句子中的成分？怎樣劃分英語句子中的成分？主語，謂語

11、，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語分別有什么用法，應該怎樣劃分？首先，要熟悉五種句子的基本結構，其次，要系統(tǒng)學習名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、動詞、副詞等此類，了解什么詞可以充當句中的什么要素。一般的，名詞做主語和賓語，動詞作謂語，形容詞修飾名詞和做表語，副詞修飾句子或者動詞……定語、狀語一、定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾someanyeveryno構

12、成的復合不定代詞時，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。句子成分講解與練習3是句子的主語，既yoursce.顯然做study的應是人，不應是yoursce（分數）.正確句(1)更正了句子的主語使其與分詞邏輯主語一致(同為you)正確句(2)則使用條件分句帶出study的主語(不過已經不是分詞結構了).分詞獨立結構常省略beinghavingbe

13、en.不過‘Therebeing...’的場合不能省略.如：Game(being)overhewenthome.Heststherebook(being)inh.獨立結構還可用with、without引導，作狀語或定語。這種結構不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：Withnothingtodohefellasleepsoon.無事可做，他很快就睡著了。Theteachercameinwithglasses

14、onhisnose.老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。（注意，此句onhisnose不可省略！）劃分句子成分練習一(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotodayshomewkwit

15、houttheteachershelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bu

16、s④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤DidthetwinshavepridgeftheirbreakfastA.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidntdohishomewkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomewk⑦WhatIwant

17、totellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendfadoct.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doct⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩WhomdidyougivemybooktoA.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）①Mybrotherhasntdone

18、hishomewk.②PeoplealloverthewldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwdsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimminghowaboutyou⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦The

19、ymadehimmonitoftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidntknowwho“FatherChristmas“reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②Whyishewriedab

20、outJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘）①TheyuseMrMrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1Class3.④Iamafraidsomep

21、eoplefgottosweeptheflo.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingfthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補足語（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersbooksinthereadingroom.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditd

22、ifficulttodothewk.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow(七)挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEng

23、lishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤WiththemedicineboxunderherarmMissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyouvelostityoumustpayfit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtos