簡介：1原文原文1ALOWLEVELLOOKATTHEASPNETARCHITECTUREABSTRACTASPNETISAPOWERFULPLATFORMFORBUILDINGWEBAPPLICATIONSTHATPROVIDESATREMENDOUSAMOUNTOFFLEXIBILITYANDPOWERFORBUILDINGJUSTABOUTANYKINDOFWEBAPPLICATIONMOSTPEOPLEAREFAMILIARONLYWITHTHEHIGHLEVELFRAMEWORKSLIKEWEBFORMSANDWEBSERVICESWHICHSITATTHEVERYTOPLEVELOFTHEASPNETHIERARCHYINTHISARTICLEI’LLDESCRIBETHELOWERLEVELASPECTSOFASPNETANDEXPLAINHOWREQUESTSMOVEFROMWEBSERVERTOTHEASPNETRUNTIMEANDTHENTHROUGHTHEASPNETHTTPPIPELINETOPROCESSREQUESTSWHATISASPNETLET’SSTARTWITHASIMPLEDEFINITIONWHATISASPNETILIKETODEFINEASPNETASFOLLOWSASPNETISASOPHISTICATEDENGINEUSINGMANAGEDCODEFORFRONTTOBACKPROCESSINGOFWEBREQUESTSITSMUCHMORETHANJUSTWEBFORMSANDWEBSERVICESASPNETISAREQUESTPROCESSINGENGINEITTAKESANINCOMINGREQUESTANDPASSESITTHROUGHITSINTERNALPIPELINETOANENDPOINTWHEREYOUASADEVELOPERCANATTACHCODETOPROCESSTHATREQUESTTHISENGINEISACTUALLYCOMPLETELYSEPARATEDFROMHTTPORTHEWEBSERVERINFACT,THEHTTPRUNTIMEISACOMPONENTTHATYOUCANHOSTINYOUROWNAPPLICATIONSOUTSIDEOFIISORANYSERVERSIDEAPPLICATIONALTOGETHERTHERUNTIMEPROVIDESACOMPLEXYETVERYELEGANTMECHANISMFORROUTINGREQUESTSTHROUGHTHISPIPELINETHEREAREANUMBEROFINTERRELATEDOBJECTS,MOSTOFWHICHAREEXTENSIBLEEITHERVIASUBCLASSINGORTHROUGHEVENTINTERFACESATALMOSTEVERYLEVELOFTHEPROCESS,SOTHEFRAMEWORKISHIGHLYEXTENSIBLETHROUGHTHISMECHANISMIT’SPOSSIBLETOHOOKINTOVERYLOWLEVELINTERFACESSUCHASTHECACHING,AUTHENTICATIONANDAUTHORIZATIONYOUCANEVENFILTERCONTENTBYPREORPOSTPROCESSINGREQUESTSORSIMPLYROUTEINCOMINGREQUESTSTHATMATCHASPECIFICSIGNATUREDIRECTLYTOYOURCODEORANOTHERURLTHEREAREALOTOFDIFFERENTWAYSTOACCOMPLISHTHESAMETHING,BUTALLOFTHEAPPROACHESARESTRAIGHTFORWARDTOIMPLEMENT,YETPROVIDEFLEXIBILITYINFINDINGTHEBESTMATCHFORPERFORMANCEANDEASEOFDEVELOPMENTTHEENTIREASPNETENGINEWASCOMPLETELYBUILTINMANAGEDCODEANDALLOFTHEEXTENSIBILITYFUNCTIONALITYISPROVIDEDVIAMANAGEDCODEEXTENSIONSTHISISATESTAMENTTOTHEPOWEROFTHENETFRAMEWORKINITSABILITYTOBUILDSOPHISTICATEDANDVERYPERFORMANCEORIENTEDARCHITECTURESABOVEALLTHOUGH,THEMOSTIMPRESSIVEPARTOFASPNETISTHETHOUGHTFULDESIGNTHATMAKESTHEARCHITECTUREEASYTOWORKWITH,YETPROVIDESHOOKSINTOJUSTABOUTANYPARTOFTHEREQUESTPROCESSING3ISAPIISTHEINITIALCODEPOINTTHATMARKSTHEBEGINNINGOFANASPNETREQUESTASPNETMAPSVARIOUSEXTENSIONSTOITSISAPIEXTENSIONWHICHLIVESINTHENETFRAMEWORKDIRECTORY本文摘自HTTP//WWWWESTWINDCOM/PRESENTATIONS/HOWASPNETWORKS/HOWASPNETWORKSASP

簡介：外文資料外文資料BATCHUSPANDANAETAL/INTERNATIONALJOURNALONCOMPUTERSCIENCEANDENGINEERINGIJCSESECURITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFOROILFIELDBASEDONGSMTECHNOLOGYBATCHUSPANDANAMTECHSTUDENT,DEPARTMENTOFECESRIVASAVIENGGCOLLEGE,TADEPALLIGUDEMADDANKIPURNARAMESHASSOCIATEPROFESSOR,DEPARTMENTOFECESRIVASAVIENGGCOLLEGE,TADEPALLIGUEMPGOPALAREDDYASSTPROFESSOR,DEPARTMENTOFECESRIVASAVIENGGCOLLEGE,TADEPALLIGUEMABSTRACTSECURITYMANAGEMENTATTHEINDUSTRIESMAINLYDURINGTHENIGHTTIMESATTHEOILFIELDISACRITICALTASKFORTHESECURITYPEOPLECHECKINGFORTHEOILTHEFTING,POWERFAILURE,TEMPERATURERANGECHECKING,TILTCHECKINGOFTHETANKS,LEAKAGEOFOILBYROTATINGTHEPUMPDONEBYTHETHIEVESISACRITICALTASKFORTHESECURITYPEOPLEIMPROVETHESECURITYLEVELBYIMPLANTATIONOFWIRELESSEMBEDDEDTECHNOLOGYWILLSOLVETHISPROBLEMBYREDUCINGTHEMANUALPOWER,ATTHESITELOCATIONS,ANDBYIMPROVINGTHESECURITYLEVELWITHTHEHELPOFGSMBASEDWIRELESSTECHNOLOGYWHICHCONSISTOFTRANSMITTERGSMMODEMATTHESITELOCATIONANDRECEIVERISTHEGSMMOBILEINFORMATIONTRANSMITTEDBYTHEGSMMODEMATTHEPLANTLOCATIONWILLBESENTTOTHERESPECTIVEPERSON’SMOBILEASATEXTMESSAGETHESECURITYPEOPLEWILLTAKEAPPROPRIATEACTIONACCORDINGTOTHEPROBLEMFORTHISWEAREUSEDLPC2148ARM7BASEDMICROCONTROLLER,WHICHISTHECURRENTDOMINANTMICROCONTROLLERINMOBILEBASEDPRODUCTSANDSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTTOOLSASKEIL,FLASHMAGICFORLOADINGHEXFILEINTOTHEMICROCONTROLLERKEYWORDSLPC2148ARM7EMBEDDED‘C’KEILFLASHMAGICSIM300GSMMODEIINTRODUCTIONGSMTECHNOLOGYHASBEENUSEDWORLDWIDEFORALMOSTTWODECADESATTHEENDOFFIRSTQUARTEROF2007THEREWERE2,278,095,380GSMSUBSCRIBERS,WHICHREPRESENTALMOST805OFALLMOBILENETWORKSUBSCRIBERSWIRELESSINTELLIGENCEORGANIZATIONINFORMATION’SSCOURIAS,1995WITHRAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFNATIONALANDINTERNATIONALECONOMICCONSTRUCTION,THEREISAGREATDEMANDANDFIG1BLOCKDIAGRAMOFSECURITYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMFOROILFIELDBASEDONGSMTECHNOLOGYTHETSOP1738IRTRANSMITTERANDRECEIVER,L7805,LIMITSWITCH,MERCURYTILTSWITCH,LM35MODULESAREINTERFACEDTOI/OPORTSOFTHELPC2148ARM7MICROCONTROLLERTHELPC2148CONTROLLERCONTINUOUSLYMONITORSTHETANKLEVEL,TILTOFTHEVALVE,ANGLEOFTHEVALVEROTATIONIFANYCHANGEOFPARAMETERSOCCURSATTHECORRESPONDINGMODULESTHECONTROLLERTURNSONBUZZER,DISPLAYSTHEMESSAGEONLCDDISPLAYANDATTHESAMETIMETHECONTROLLERACTIVATESTHEGSMMODEMANDGSMMODEMSENDSTHEMESSAGETOTHETWOAUTHORIZEDPERSONSBYUSINGGSMBASEDWIRELESSTECHNOLOGYFIG2MAINCIRCUITBOARDWITHOUTCHASSIS

簡介：中文中文43504350字外文原文外文原文HINDAWIPUBLISHINGCORPORATIONINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFNAVIGATIONANDOBSERVATIONVOLUME2008,ARTICLEID261384,8PAGESDOI101155/2008/261384RESEARCHARTICLEGPSCOMPOSITECLOCKANALYSISJAMESRWRIGHTANALYTICALGRAPHICS,INC,220VALLEYCREEKBLVD,EXTON,PA19341,USACORRESPONDENCESHOULDBEADDRESSEDTOJAMESRWRIGHT,JWRIGHTAGICOMRECEIVED30JUNE2007ACCEPTED6NOVEMBER2007RECOMMENDEDBYDEMETRIOSMATSAKISCOPYRIGHT?2008JAMESRWRIGHTTHISISANOPENACCESSARTICLEDISTRIBUTEDUNDERTHECREATIVECOMMONSATTRIBUTIONLICENSE,WHICHPERMITSUNRESTRICTEDUSE,DISTRIBUTION,ANDREPRODUCTIONINANYMEDIUM,PROVIDEDTHEORIGINALWORKISPROPERLYCITEDABSTRACTTHEGPSCOMPOSITECLOCKDEFINESGPSTIME,THETIMESCALEUSEDTODAYINGPSOPERATIONSGPSTIMEISILLUMINATEDBYEXAMINATIONOFITSROLEINTHECOMPLETEESTIMATIONANDCONTROLPROBLEMRELATIVETOUTC/TAITHEPHASEOFEACHGPSCLOCKISUNOBSERVABLEFROMGPSPSEUDORANGEMEASUREMENTS,ANDTHEMEANPHASEOFTHEGPSCLOCKENSEMBLEGPSTIMEISUNOBSERVABLEANEWANDUSEFULOBSERVABILITYDEFINITIONISPRESENTED,TOGETHERWITHNEWOBSERVABILITYTHEOREMS,TODEMONSTRATEEXPLICITLYTHATGPSTIMEISUNOBSERVABLESIMULATEDGPSCLOCKPHASEANDFREQUENCYDEVIATIONS,ANDSIMULATEDGPSPSEUDORANGEMEASUREMENTS,AREUSEDTOUNDERSTANDGPSTIMEINTERMSOFKALMANFILTERESTIMATIONERRORS1INTRODUCTIONGPSTIMEISCREATEDBYPROCESSINGGPSPSEUDORANGEMEASUREMENTSWITHTHEOPERATIONALGPSKALMANFILTERBROWN2REFERSTOTHEOBJECTCREATEDBYTHEKALMANFILTERASTHEGPSCOMPOSITECLOCK,ANDTOGPSTIMEASTHEIMPLICITENSEMBLEMEANPHASEOFTHEGPSCOMPOSITECLOCKTHEFUNDAMENTALGOALBYTHEUSAFANDTHEUSNOISTOCONTROLGPSTIMETOWITHINASPECIFIEDBOUNDOFUTC/TAIIREFERTOTAI/UTCUNDERSTANDINGTHATUTCHASANACCUMULATEDDISCONTINUITYASUMOFLEAPSECONDSWHENCOMPAREDTOTAIBUTUNIQUETWOWAYTRANSFORMATIONSBETWEENTAIPAPERBYZUCCAANDTAVELLA19IN2005EXCEPTFORFMFLICKERNOISE,THISMODELCAPTURESTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTPHYSICSFORALLGPSCLOCKSISIMULATEANDVALIDATEGPSPSEUDORANGEMEASUREMENTSUSINGSIMULATEDPHASEDEVIATIONSANDSIMULATEDFREQUENCYDEVIATIONS,ACCORDINGTOZUCCAANDTAVELLA4KALMANFILTERSIPRESENTMYAPPROACHFORTHEOPTIMALSEQUENTIALESTIMATIONOFCLOCKDEVIATIONSTATESANDTHEIRERRORCOVARIANCEFUNCTIONSSEQUENTIALSTATEESTIMATESAREGENERATEDRECURSIVELYFROMTWOMULTIDIMENSIONALSTOCHASTICUPDATEFUNCTIONS,THETIMEUPDATETUANDTHEMEASUREMENTUPDATEMUTHETUMOVESTHESTATEESTIMATEANDCOVARIANCEFORWARDWITHTIME,ACCUMULATINGINTEGRALSOFRANDOMCLOCKDEVIATIONPROCESSNOISEINTHECOVARIANCETHEMUISPERFORMEDATAFIXEDMEASUREMENTTIMEWHERETHESTATEESTIMATEANDCOVARIANCEARECORRECTEDWITHNEWOBSERVATIONINFORMATIONTHESEQUENTIALESTIMATIONOFGPSCLOCKDEVIATIONSREQUIRESTHEDEVELOPMENTOFALINEARTUANDNONLINEARMUTHENONLINEARMUMUSTBELINEARIZEDLOCALLYTOENABLEAPPLICATIONOFTHELINEARKALMANMUKALMAN’SMUDERIVESFROMSHERMAN’STHEOREM,SHERMAN’STHEOREMDERIVESFROMANDERSON’STHEOREM1,ANDANDERSON’STHEOREMDERIVESFROMTHEBRUNNMINKOWKIINEQUALITYTHEOREMTHETHEORETICALFOUNDATIONFORMYLINEARIZEDMUDERIVESFROMTHESETHEOREMS41INITIALCONDITIONSINITIALIZATIONOFALLSEQUENTIALESTIMATORSREQUIRESTHEUSEOFANINITIALSTATEESTIMATECOLUMNMATRIXANDANINTIALSTATEESTIMATEERRORCOVARIANCEMATRIXFORTIMET00|0??0|0P42LINEARTUANDNONLINEARMUTHESIMULTANEOUSSEQUENTIALESTIMATIONOFGPSCLOCKPHASEANDFREQUENCYDEVIATIONPARAMETERSCANBESTUDIEDWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFALINEARTUANDNONLINEARMUFORTHECLOCKSTATEESTIMATESUBSETTHISISUSEFULTOSTUDYCLOCKPARAMETERESTIMATION,ASDEMONSTRATEDINSECTION6LETDENOTEANN1COLUMNMATRIXOFSTATEESTIMATECOMPONENTS,WHERETHELEFTIJ|??SUBSCRIPTJDENOTESSTATEEPOCHTJANDTHERIGHTSUBSCRIPTIDENOTESTIMETAGTIFORTHELASTOBSERVATIONPROCESSED,WHEREI,J∈{0,1,2,}LETDENOTEANASSOCIATEDNNSQUAREIJP|SYMMETRICSTATEESTIMATEERRORCOVARIANCEMATRIXPOSITIVEEIGENVALUES421LINEARTUFORK∈{0,1,2,3,,M},THEPROPAGATIONOFTHETRUEUNKNOWNN1MATRIXSTATEISGIVENBYKX（1）KKKKKKJXX,1,11??????

簡介：中文中文5790字出處出處ELECTRONICS,ROBOTICSANDAUTOMOTIVEMECHANICSCONFERENCE,2009CERMA09IEEE,2009187192AXEBOTROBOTTHEMECHANICALDESIGNFORANAUTONOMOUSOMNIDIRECTIONALMOBILEROBOTTIAGOPDONASCIMENTO,AUGUSTOLOUREIRODACOSTA,CRISTIANECORREAPAIMPOSTGRADUATIONPROGRAMINELECTRICALENGINEERINGUNIVERSIDADEFEDERALDABAHIASALVADOR,BAHIA,BRASILTIAGOPNIEEEORG,AUGUSTOLOUREIROUFBABR,CPAIMUFBABRABSTRACTTHEAXEBOTROBOT’SMECHANICALDESIGN,AFULLYAUTONOMOUSMOBILEROBOT,FORTHEROBOCUPSMALLSIZELEAGUE,ISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERTHEAXEBOTROBOTUSESTHREEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELSFORMOVEMENTANDISEQUIPPEDBYASHOOTINGDEVICEFORSHOOTINGTHEBALLINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSONCETHEAXEBOTROBOTISAFULLYAUTONOMOUSMOBILEROBOTALLTHESENSORS,ENGINES,SERVOS,BATTERIES,ANDTHECOMPUTERSYSTEM,MUSTBEEMBEDDEDONTHEPROJECTCANBESEPARATEDINFOURDIFFERENTPARTSTHECHASSISDESIGN,THEWHEELDESIGN,THESHOOTINGDEVICEDESIGNANDTHEOVERALLASSEMBLYWHICHMAKESASHELLDESIGNPOSSIBLETOCOVERTHEWHOLEROBOTTHEAXEBOTMECHANICALDESIGNBRINGSUPANEWCHASSISCONCEPTFORTHREEWHEELSOMNIDIRECTIONALROBOT,ALSOPRESENTANEWSHOOTINGDEVICE,ANDFINALLYPRESENTAXEBOTSPROTOTYPEASSEMBLY1INTRODUCTIONTHEROBOCUPINITIATIVEISANINTERNATIONALRESEARCHGROUPWHOSEAIMSARETOPROMOTETHEFIELDSOFROBOTICSANDARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEASTANDARDCHALLENGE,ASOCCERMATCHPERFORMEDBYAUTONOMOUSROBOTTEAMS,WASPROPOSEDIN19961INITIALLYWITHTHREEDIFFERENTLEAGUES2DROBOTSOCCERSIMULATIONLEAGUE,SMALLSIZEROBOTLEAGUE,ANDMIDDLESIZEROBOTLEAGUENOWADAYSTHESELEAGUESHAVEBEENINCREASEDUPTOFOURLEGGEDLEAGUE,HUMANOIDLEAGUE,MIDDLESIZELEAGUE,ROBOCUPJUNIORSOCCER,SMALLSIZELEAGUE,SOCCERSIMULATION,STANDARDROBOTLEAGUEALSO,ANOTHERCHALLENGE,THEROBOCUPRESCUEWASPROPOSEDIN1999TOSHOWTHATTHERESULTFROMTHEROBOTSOCCERRESEARCHCOULDBEDIRECTLYAPPLIEDONAREALWORLDPROBLEMLIKEADISASTERRESCUEMADEBYROBOTSTHROUGHTHEINTEGRATIONOFTECHNOLOGYANDADVANCEDCOMPUTERALGORITHMS,THEGOALOFROBOCUPISTOBUILDATEAMOFHUMANOIDROBOTSTHATCANBEATTHECURRENTWORLDCUPCHAMPIONSBYTHEYEAR2050THEAXEBOTUSESTHREEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELS,POSITIONEDONACIRCLEWITHANANGLEOF120OAMONGEACHWHEEL,TOMOVEINDIFFERENTDIRECTIONSTHREEMAXXONA22MOTORSAREUSEDTODRIVETHEOMNIDIRECTIONALWHEELS,ONEMOTORPERWHEELTHESEMOTORSARECONTROLLEDBYTWOBRAINSTEMMOTO10ANDACASCADECONTROLLERMADETOCONTROLTHEROBOTTRAJECTORY23THEAXEBOTALSOHOLDSASHOOTINGDEVICETOKICKTHEBALLINGETASTIFFERANDSTRONGERCHASSIS,ASECONDCHASSISPART,THEUPPERCHASSIS,ISMODELEDTHISISALMOSTANEXACTCOPYOFTHEFIRSTPART,ONLYNOWTHEREARE3CUTOUTSTHATPROVIDEMORESPACEFORPLACINGTHECOMPONENTSOFTHEROBOTTHESECUTOUTSALSOSAVESOMEMATERIALANDTHEREFOREWEIGHTTHEBOTHPARTSARETHISSANDWICHCONSTRUCTIONGIVESTHEWHOLECHASSISMORESTIFFNESS,ANDSOTHETOTALTHICKNESSOFBOTHTHECHASSISCANPROBABLYBELOWERTHANUSINGONECHASSISPARTFIGURE1LOWERCHASSISFIGURE2UPPERANDLOWERCHASSISATTACHEDTOEACHOTHER23CHASSISMOULDTOBUILDTHESEPARTS,AMOULDWASMADETHISISJUSTANEGATIVEOFTHEACTUALROBOTPARTSINFIGURE3THEMOULDOFTHEUPPERCHASSISTOCHANGETHISMOULDINTHEMOULDFORTHELOWERCHASSIS,WHERETHEGROUNDPLATEDOESNOTHAVEHOLES,THEINDICATEDPIECESWITHWHITESTRIPESANDTHENOTINDICATEDLEFTPIECESYMMETRICTOTHEMOSTRIGHTPARTSHOULDBELOWERED4MMFORTHEUPPERANDLOWERCHASSIS,THEBASISMOULDISEXACTLYTHESAMEONLYPIECEONEANDTWOAREDIFFERENTFORTHETWOCHASSIS,THEMOTORPIECEANDTHESHOOTINGSYSTEMPIECEARETHESAMEFIGURE3CHASSISMOULD3WHEELSTHEAXEBOTROBOTISEQUIPPEDWITHTHREEWHEELSPOSITIONEDONACIRCLEWITHANANGLEOF120°AMONGATTACHEDTOEACHOTHERASSHOWNINTHEPICTUREBELOWEACHWHEELTHESEWHEELSHAVETOENABLETHEOMNIDIRECTIONALITYOFTHEAXEBOTROBOTTHISMEANSTHATTHEWHEELSHAVETOBEABLETOLETTHEROBOTMAKETWOTRANSLATIONALMOVEMENTSINXANDYDIRECTION,SEEFIGURE4WITHOUTROTATINGTHEROBOTAROUNDITSZAXISTHEAXISPERPENDICULARTOTHEYANDXAXIS,THATISROTATIONINFIGURE4THEWHEELSHAVEALSOTOENABLEAROTATIONOFTHETOTALROBOTAROUNDTHEZAXIS

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簡介：THEEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEINTHECARCINOGENESISPROCESSOFHUMANCARDIAADENOCARCINOMAWANGXIUJIA,YUANSHULAN,XIAOLIN,WANGXUHUAANDWANGCHAOJUNPOBOX2345,BEIJING100023,CHINAWJG,1999DECEMBER56488491FAX861085381893WORLDJOURNALOFGASTROENTEROLOGYEMAILWJGWJGNETCOMWWWWJGNETCOMCOPYRIGHT?1999BYTHEWJGPRESSISSN10079327SUBJECTHEADINGSCSRCGENEEXPRESSIONPRODUCTPP60CSRCCARDIAADENOCARCINOMACARCINOGENESISNEOPLASMMETASTASISIMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRYABSTRACTAIMTOINVESTIGATETHEACTIVATION,EXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEANDITSROLEINTHECARCINOGENETICPROCESSOFHUMANCARDIAADENOCARCINOMACAMETHODSFIFTYSIXCASESOFCA,34CASESOFNORMAL,36CASESOFPROTIFERATIVEEPITHELIAADJACENTTOCARCINOMA,AND20CASESOFLYMPHNODEMETASTASESOFCAWERESTUDIEDFORPP60CSRC,THEEXPRESSIONPRODUCTOFCSRCGENEIMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLYBYUSINGTHESPECIFICMONOCLONALANTIBODY,MAB327RESULTSTHEPOSITIVERATESOFPP60CSRCINTHENORMALEPITHELIA,PROTIFERATIVEEPITHELIA,CAANDLYMPHNODEMETASTASESWERE29410/34,94434/36,71440/56AND60012/20,RESPECTIVELY,AMONGTHEM,THEDIFFERENCESOFTHEPOSITIVERATESWERESTATISTICALLYSIGNIFICANTP001THEEXPRESSIONLEVELSOFPP60CSRCINCAANDPROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIAWERESIGNIFICANTLYHIGHERTHANTHATINTHENORMALEPITHELIAP001THEPP60CSRCPOSITIVERATESINTHEPAPILLARY,TUBULAR,POORLYDIFFERENTIATEDANDMUCOUSADENOCARCINOMAWERE7506/8,81818/22,50010/20AND10006/6,RESPECTIVELY,WHEREASTHOSEOFTUBULARANDMUCOUSADENOCARCINOMASWERESIGNIFICANTLYHIGHERTHANTHOSEOFPAPILLARYANDPOORLYDIFFERENTIATEDADENOCARCINOMASP005,ANDTHEPP60CSRCEXPRESSIONLEVELSOFTUBULARANDMUCOUSADENOCARCINOMASWEREALSOSIGNIFICANTLYHIGHERTHANTHOSEOFPAPILLARYANDPOORLYDIFFERENTIATEDADENOCARCINOMASP001CONCLUSIONTHEACTIVATIONANDEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEAREASSOCIATEDWITHTHEINITIATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANCATHEPROTEINAMOUNTOFPP60CSRCINCREASEDDURINGTHEPROCESSOFCARCINOGENESISANDPP60CSRCEXPRESSIONISALSORELATEDTOLYMPHNODEMETASTASESINTRODUCTIONTHEREISAGENERALTENDENCYINGASTRICCANCERTHATTHEINCIDENCERATEOFCARDIAADENOCARCINOMACAISINCREASINGSTEADLY,ANDCANCEROFTHEDISTALSTOMACHISDECREASINGPROPORTIONATELYTHEBIOLOGICALANDEPIDEMIOLOGICALFEATURESOFCAAREDISTINCTFROMTHOSEOFTHEDISTALSTOMACH,ANDTHEUNDERLYINGCAUSEREMAINEDUNELUCIDATED13PP60CSRCISTHEPRODUCTOFCSRCGENEPOSSESSINGTHEACTIVITYOFTYROSINEKINASEINCREASEDEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEHADBEENREPORTEDINSOMEHUMANSARCOMAANDCANCERSOFBREAST4,ESOPHAGUS5,STOMACH6ANDCOLON7,ANDTHEACTIVATIONANDEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEMIGHTBEASSOCIATEDWITHTHEINITIATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFSOMECANCERSOURPREVIOUSSTUDYSHOWEDTHEACTIVATIONANDEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEWASASSOCIATEDWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTANDDIFFERENTIATIONOFESOPHAGEALSQUAMOUSCELLCARCINOMAS8,WEBELIEVEDTHATSIMILARCHANGESMIGHTOCCURINCANCEROFCARDIA,THEREFORE,THEFOLLOWINGSTUDYWASCARRIEDOUTMATERIALSANDMETHODSSAMPLECOLLECTIONANDPROCESSINGALL56CASESOFCASAMPLESWERECOLLECTEDFROMTHECAPATIENTSSURGICALLYTREATEDINYANTINGINSTITUTEOFCANCERPREVENTIONOFSICHUANPROVINCEALLTISSUESPECIMENSWEREROUTINELYPROCESSED,FORMALINFIXEDANDPARAFFINEMBEDDED,ATLEAST2SERIALPARAFFINSECTIONSOF4ΜM6ΜMTHICKNESSWEREMADE,ONEWASSTAINEDWITHHEMATOXYLINANDEOSINHEANDTHEOTHERWASUSEDFORPP60CSRCPROTEINDETECTIONBYIMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALSTAININGREAGENTSTHEMONOCLONALANTIBODYMAB327MOUSEIGGWASKINDLYGIVENBYTHEMOLECULARPATHOLOGYINSTITUTEOFCANCERRESEARCH,CANCERCENTER,THEFIRSTUNIVERSITYHOSPITALOFWESTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFMEDICALSCIENCES,CHENGDU610041,SICHUANPROVINCE,CHINAWANGXIUJIE,MALE,BORNON19570215INZIYANG,SICHUANPROVINCEANDGRADUATEDFROMWESTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFMEDICALSCIENCESIN1982,NOWASSOCIATEPROFESSOROFONCOLOGY,ENGAGEDINTHERESEARCHESOFETIOLOGYANDMECHANISMSOFCARCINOGENESISOFCANCERS,SCREENINGANDDEVELOPINGANTICANCERDRUGS,HAVING20PAPERSPUBLISHEDPROJECTSUPPORTEDBYTHEGRANTOFWESTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFMEDICALSCIENCES,NOL293015CORRESPONDENCETOWANGXIUJIE,INSTITUTEOFCANCERRESEARCH,CANCERCENTER,THEFIRSTUNIVERSITYHOSPITALOFWESTCHINAUNIVERSITYOFMEDICALSCIENCES,CHENGDU610041,SICHUANPROVINCE,CHINATEL86285501218,FAX86285583252RECEIVED19990721ACCEPTED19990922FIGURE1THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINTHEPROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIAADJACENTTOCARCINOMALSAB200FIGURE2THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINTUBULARADENOCARCINOMALSAB200FIGURE3THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINTHEPOORLYDIFFERENTIATEDADENOCARCINOMALSAB200FIGURE4THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINTHELYMPHNODEMETASTASISOFCALSAB200TABLE1THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINCAANDRELATEDLESIONSSTAININGINTENSITYLESIONCASEPOSITIVERATENORMALEPITHELIA3424705102940010294PROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIA36256616728778D34944BCARDIAADENOCARCINOMA56162862035720357D40714BLYMPHNODEMETASTASES2084008400420012600BP001,INCOMPARISONOFTHEPOSITIVERATESINDIFFERENTLESIONSΧ23419VSNORMALEPITHELIADP001,INCOMPARISONOFTHEPOSITIVEINTENSITYINDIFFERENTLESIONSΧ22508VSNORMALEPITHELIATABLE2THEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINCAOFDIFFERENTHISTOLOGICALTYPESSTAININGINTENSITYLESIONCASEPOSITIVERATE0/10PAPILLARY822506750006750TUBULAR224182418214636B18818APOORLYDIFFERENTIATED2010500105000010500MUCOUS6000061000B61000ATOTAL5616286203572035740714AP005,INCOMPARISONOFTHEPOSITIVERATESOFTUBULARANDMUCOUSADENOCARCINOMASVSTHOSEOFPAPILLARYANDPOORLYDIFFERENTIATEDADENOCARCINOMASΧ2811BP001,INCOMPARISONOFTHEPOSITIVERATESOFTUBULARANDMUCOUSADENOCARCINOMASVSTHOSEOFPAPILLARYANDPOORLYDIFFERENTIATEDADENOCARCINOMASΧ22756DISCUSSIONPP60CSRCISAPHOSPHORYLATEDCYTOPLASMICPROTEINENCODEDBYCSRCGENE,HAVINGTHEACTIVITYOFTYROSINEKINASETHEEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCCANBEFOUNDINMANYNORMALCELLS,WHICHPLAYSIMPORTANTROLESINTHEREGULATIONOFCELLPROLIFERATION,DIFFERENTIATIONANDTRANSFORMATION4RECENTSTUDIESINDICATEDTHATTHEINCREASEINTHEAMOUNTOFPP60CSRCPROTEINANDKINASEACTIVITYWASASSOCIATEDWITHINITIATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFSOMEHUMANNEOPLASMS,ANDTHEACTIVATIONANDINCREASEOFEXPRESSIONWEREONEOFTHEFACTORSFORCANCERINITIATION48INTHISSTUDY,THEEXPRESSIONSOFPP60CSRCINCA,PROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIAANDNORMALEPITHELIAWERE71440/56,94434/36AND29410/34,RESPECTIVELYANDTHEPOSITIVERATESOFPP60CSRCINCAANDPROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIAWEREMUCHHIGHERTHANTHATINTHENORMALEPITHELIAP001JANKOWISKIETALANALYZEDTHEEXPRESSIONPRODUCTOFCSRCGENEIN15CASESOFESOPHAGEALADENOCARCINOMAAND15CASESOFBARRETT’SESOPHAGEALEPITHELIAIMMUNOHISTOCHEMICALLY,THEPOSITIVERATESWERE203/15,SUGGESTINTHATTHEEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEISRELATEDTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFESOPHAGEALADENOCARCINOMATHEREFORE,THERESULTSOFTHISSTUDYINDICATEDTHATTHEACTIVATIONANDEXPRESSIONOFCSRCGENEMIGHTBEASSOCIATEDWITHTHEINITIATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFCAHOWEVER,THEHIGHEXPRESSIONOFPP60CSRCINTHEPROLIFERATIVEEPITHELIAMIGHTBEASSOCIATEDWITHTHEPROLIFERATIONOFGLANDULAREPITHELIALCELLS,OCCURRINGINTHEAGEDRATS9THELOWPP60CSRCEXPRESSIONINSOMENORMALEPITHELIAADJACENTTOCANCERMIGHTBEEXPLAINEDBYTHEFACTTHATTHEREHAD490ISSN10079327CN141219/RWJGDECEMBER1999VOLUME5NUMBER6

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