簡(jiǎn)介：1AWEBBASEDWEBBASEDMANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURINGSERVICESERVICESYSTEMSYSTEMFORFORRAPIDRAPIDPRODUCTPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTABSTRACTABSTRACTTHISPAPERPROPOSESANOVELINTEGRATEDSYSTEMOFRAPIDPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTBASEDONRAPIDPROTOTYPING,ANDDEVELOPSANETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGSERVICESYSTEMWHICHOFFERSBETTERSUPPORTFORTHERAPIDPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTINSMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDENTERPRISESBYTAKINGFULLADVANTAGEOFTHEQUICKLYEVOLVINGCOMPUTERNETWORKANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIESTHEARCHITECTUREOFTHENETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGSERVICESYSTEMISPRESENTEDFURTHERMORE,SOMEOFTHEKEYISSUES,INCLUDINGMODELINGANDPLANNINGAMANUFACTURINGCHAIN,SELECTINGFEASIBLECOLLABORATIVEMANUFACTURERS,QUEUINGAMANUFACTURINGTASK,USINGTHESYNCHRONOUSLYCOLLABORATIVEWORKENVIRONMENT,ANDCONSTRUCTINGASUITABLERUNNINGPLATFORM,AREDESCRIBEDINDETAILJAVAENABLEDSOLUTION,TOGETHERWITHWEBTECHNIQUES,ISEMPLOYEDFORBUILDINGSUCHANETWORKEDSERVICESYSTEMFINALLY,ANACTUALEXAMPLEISPROVIDEDILLUSTRATINGTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHISSERVICESYSTEMKEYWORDSKEYWORDSRAPIDPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTRAPIDPROTOTYPINGSERVICESYSTEMWEBBASEDAPPLICATION1INTRODUCTIONTHISISTHEERAOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASINFLUENCEDEVERYREALMOFSOCIETY,ANDDRAMATICALLYIMPACTEDONTHETRADITIONALINDUSTRYCURRENTINDUSTRIESAREFACINGTHENEWCHALLENGESQUICKRESPONSETOBUSINESSOPPORTUNITYHASBEENCONSIDEREDASONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORSTOENSURECOMPANYCOMPETITIVENESSMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYISEVOLVINGTOWARDDIGITALIZATION,NETWORKANDGLOBALIZATIONINORDERTORESPONDTOTHECHANGEEFFECTIVELY,MANUFACTURINGSTRATEGYHASTOBEMODIFIEDFROMTIMETOTIMEINACCORDANCEWITHTHEMARKETSITUATIONANDCUSTOMERDEMANDANYCHANGEOFSTRATEGYSHOULDENABLEMANUFACTURERSTOBEBETTEREQUIPPEDTHEMSELVES,WITHCAPABILITIESTOCOPEWITHDEMANDSSUCHASAFASTERRESPONSETOMARKETCHANGES,ASHORTENEDLEAD3TIMEWHILEANEWTHOUGHTEMPHASIZINGSERVICEQUALITYISBECOMINGABASICSTRATEGYBYWHICHMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRIESCANWINGLOBALCOMPETITIONINTHE21STCENTURYTELESERVICEENGINEERINGISANEMERGINGFIELDWHICHADDRESSES‘‘SERVICE’’LWFREECNISSUEFORMANUFACTURERSANDCUSTOMERSASDIGITALMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUEPROGRESSESQUICKLY,DIGITALSERVICEWILLBEINTEGRATEDSEAMLESSLYINTOTHEDIGITALDESIGNANDMANUFACTURINGSYSTEM7THEINTERNET,INCORPORATINGCOMPUTERSANDMULTIMEDIA,HASPROVIDEDTREMENDOUSPOTENTIALFORREMOTEINTEGRATIONANDCOLLABORATIONINBUSINESSANDMANUFACTURINGAPPLICATIONSINORDERTOPROVIDEAPRODUCTIONCOLLABORATIVEENVIRONMENTFORMANYSMESANDSBSTOIMPLEMENTTHENETWORKEDMANUFACTURING,ITISESPECIALLYURGENTFORMANYSBSANDSMESTOCONSTRUCTASERVICEPLATFORMOFNETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGTOSPEEDUPTHEPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTPROCESSOFTHESMESTHERESTOFTHISPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSRELATEDRESEARCHWORKISREVIEWEDINSECTION2INSECTION3,WEINTRODUCEANINTEGRATEDSYSTEMOFRAPIDPRODUCTDEVELOPMENTBASEDONRPSECTION4DESCRIBESTHEWORKFLOWANDFUNCTIONALDESIGNOFTHENETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGSERVICESYSTEMTHECONFIGURATIONOFSYSTEMRUNNINGPLATFORMISPRESENTEDINSECTION5INSECTION6,WEDISCUSSTHEDESIGNOFINTERNETAPPLICATIONACASESTUDYISDEMONSTRATEDINSECTION7FINALLY,SECTION8CONCLUDESTHEPAPER2RELATEDRESEARCHWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERNETWORKANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGIES,THENETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUESAREPLAYINGAMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTROLEINMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRYSUBSTANTIALINVESTMENTSHAVEBEENMADETOSUPPORTTHERESEARCHANDPRACTICEOF950NETWORKEDMANUFACTURINGTELEMANUFACTURINGORGLOBALMANUFACTURINGFROMBOTHTHEACADEMICCOMMUNITYANDINDUSTRIALBODIESALLOVERTHEWORLDINRECENTYEARSANUMBEROFSTRATEGIESANDFRAMEWORKSHAVEBEENPROPOSEDABDELMALEKETAL8DESCRIBEDASTRUCTUREWITHINWHICHACOMPANYCANOUTSOURCESEVERALOFITSPRODUCTIONANDDESIGNACTIVITIESVIAINTERNETANDDEVELOPEDAMODELTOAIDACOMPANYINSELECTINGAMONGTHEAVAILABLETECHNOLOGICALANDFUNCTIONALALTERNATIVESTOMAXIMIZEITSFLEXIBILITY

簡(jiǎn)介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文資料翻譯系部部機(jī)械工程系專(zhuān)業(yè)業(yè)機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)外文出處外文出處THIRDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONNATURALCOMPUTATION0769528759/07?2007IEEE附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)簽名年月日用外文寫(xiě)附件附件1外文資料翻譯譯文外文資料翻譯譯文對(duì)1PS4TPS1PS4TPS型混合工作機(jī)床在插補(bǔ)原理和方法的研究型混合工作機(jī)床在插補(bǔ)原理和方法的研究范守文，王小斌，師明全，黃鴻忠中國(guó)電子科技大學(xué)成都，四川，610054,中華人民共和國(guó)摘要摘要本文基于4DOF的1PS，設(shè)計(jì)了新型的混合工作機(jī)器（HMT）＋4TPS鍵入空間的混合機(jī)制和AX－Y的工作臺(tái)。這一類(lèi)型HMT與它的傳統(tǒng)相比有一些優(yōu)勢(shì)大的工作空間、較好的靈活度等等。可以實(shí)現(xiàn)倒轉(zhuǎn)的換置模型和倒轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型的關(guān)閉。對(duì)應(yīng)HMTS運(yùn)動(dòng)控制的CNC方案是運(yùn)動(dòng)控制特性和基于傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)字控制機(jī)器的研究成果。即時(shí)的五軸插補(bǔ)器，它包括切削路徑計(jì)算，倒轉(zhuǎn)的換置分析模型，倒轉(zhuǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的分析模型和PVT插補(bǔ)模態(tài)，事實(shí)證明他們可以構(gòu)建。通過(guò)切削路徑間隔計(jì)算和插補(bǔ)錯(cuò)誤分析來(lái)證明以上方法的可行性和高效性。關(guān)鍵字混合的工作機(jī)床；計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制；插補(bǔ)；錯(cuò)誤分析；切削11介紹介紹PMT機(jī)床是PM機(jī)床中一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的應(yīng)用實(shí)例，數(shù)字技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)也得到廣泛使用。作為一種新型的工作機(jī)床，PMT有簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)，低成本，低的移動(dòng)慣性、高速度、較好的靈活性、較高的技術(shù)要求的特點(diǎn)等。PMT使傳統(tǒng)的的數(shù)字機(jī)床更加完美，使它更適合對(duì)葉片，葉輪和螺旋槳等的表面的加工。然而，現(xiàn)有的PMT，它只采用鉸鏈或者鏈約束的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，特別地被一些因素影響比如連接器的位置和方向，移動(dòng)的平臺(tái)對(duì)方向有限制能力。因此，它很難符合大多數(shù)數(shù)控機(jī)床對(duì)大的工作空間和加工困難而且復(fù)雜的表面的加工需求。為了要解決這一個(gè)問(wèn)題，研究員在探索新結(jié)構(gòu)上已經(jīng)做了很多努力。許多研究員開(kāi)始關(guān)注（DOFS）PMTS的少于6個(gè)自由度的結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是混合的工作機(jī)床（HMTS）4，PMT的另一個(gè)重要的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是移動(dòng)的DOF和旋轉(zhuǎn)的利用組合的機(jī)制個(gè)別地被實(shí)現(xiàn)的DOF。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)不僅釋放移動(dòng)控制和旋轉(zhuǎn)的控制之間的聯(lián)結(jié)，而且也有大工作空間和較好的結(jié)構(gòu)能力的特點(diǎn)。特別地，它能解決向前的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的位置和方位，因此它能很方便提供NC程序，控制和錯(cuò)誤反饋。

簡(jiǎn)介：中文2800字DEVELOPMENTOFMEMSVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORSTHROUGHPLASTICDEFORMATIONMAGNETICASSEMBLYPDMAJINGHONGCHEN,JUNZOU,CHANGLIUANDSUNGMOSTEVEKANGAGERESYSTEMS,HOLMDEL,NJ07733DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFILLINOISATURBANACHAMPAIGN,URBANA,IL61801JACKBASKINSCHOOLOFENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIA,SANTACRUZABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSTHERESULTSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFAVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORTHEPLANARCOILINDUCTORISFIRSTFABRICATEDONSILICONSUBSTRATEANDTHENASSEMBLEDTOTHEVERTICALPOSITIONBYUSINGANOVEL3DIMENSIONALBATHSCALESELFASSEMBLYPROCESSPLASTICDEFORMATIONMAGNETICASSEMBLYPDMAINDUCTORSOFDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSAREFABRICATEDANDTESTEDTHESPARAMETERSOFTHEINDUCTORSBEFOREANDAFTERPDMAAREMEASUREDANDCOMPARED,DEMONSTRATINGSUPERIORPERFORMANCEDUETOREDUCEDSUBSTRATEEFFECTSANDALSOINCREASEDSUBSTRATESPACESAVINGSFORTHEVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORSKEYWORDSMEMS,PLANARCOILINDUCTOR,QUALITYFACTOR,PDMA,RESONANCEFREQUENCY1INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINTEGRATEDWIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS,ONCHIPINDUCTORSWITHSATISFACTORYPERFORMANCEENOUGHQUALITYFACTORANDSELFRESONANTFREQUENCYAREREQUIREDHOWEVER,THECONVENTIONALPLANARCOILINDUCTORSUFFERSFROMSUBSTRATELOSSESANDPARASITICSSINCEITISDIRECTLYFABRICATEDONTOCONDUCTIVESUBSTRATEOVERAVERYTHINDIELECTRICLAYER1INRECENTYEARS,MUCHEFFORTHASBEENMADETOIMPROVETHEPERFORMANCEOFPLANARCOILINDUCTORSMETALMATERIALSWITHHIGHERCONDUCTIVITYORTHICKERMETALLAYERSAREUTILIZEDTODECREASETHERESISTANCEOFTHECOILMEANWHILE,DIFFERENTMETHODSAREPROPOSEDTOREDUCETHESUBSTRATELOSSANDPARASITICS,INCLUDINGREMOVINGTHESUBSTRATEUNDERNEATHTHEINDUCTOR2,APPLYINGATHICKPOLYMIDELAYERTOSEPARATETHEINDUCTORFARTHERAWAYFROMTHEATTACHEDTOITSTOPSURFACEISRELEASEDFROMTHESUBSTRATEBYETCHINGAWAYTHESACRIFICIALLAYERUNDERNEATHFIG1ANEXT,AMAGNETICFIELDHEXTISAPPLIED,THEMAGNETICMATERIALPIECEISMAGNETIZEDANDTHECANTILEVERBEAMWILLBEROTATEDOFFTHESUBSTRATEBYTHEMAGNETICTORQUEGENERATEDINTHEMAGNETICMATERIALPIECEFIG1BIFTHESTRUCTUREISDESIGNEDPROPERLY,THISBENDINGWILLCREATEAPLASTICDEFORMATIONINTHEFLEXIBLEREGIONTHECANTILEVERBEAMWILLTHENBEABLETOREMAINATACERTAINRESTANGLEΦA(chǔ)BOVETHESUBSTRATEEVENAFTERHEXTISREMOVEDFIGURE1CBYUSINGDUCTILEMETALEGGOLDINTHEFLEXIBLEREGION,AGOODELECTRICALCONNECTIONBETWEENTHEASSEMBLEDSTRUCTUREANDTHESUBSTRATECANBEEASILYACHIEVED,WHICHISSUITABLEFORRFAPPLICATIONSAFTERTHEVERTICALASSEMBLY,THESTRUCTURESCANBEFURTHERSTRENGTHENEDANDTHEMAGNETICMATERIALCANBEREMOVEDIFNECESSARYIFTHEMAGNETICFIELDISAPPLIEDGLOBALLY,THENALLTHESTRUCTURESONONESUBSTRATECANBEASSEMBLEDINPARALLEL3DESIGNANDFABRICATIONTHECORESTRUCTUREOFTHEVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORISIDENTICALTOTHECONVENTIONALHORIZONTALONE,WHICHCONSISTSOFTWOMETALLAYERSANDONEDIELECTRICLAYERBETWEENASAGENERALRULE,HIGHCONDUCTIVITYMETALANDLOWLOSSDIELECTRICMATERIALSHOULDBEUSEDINADDITIONTOTHISREQUIREMENT,THESTRUCTUREOFTHEINDUCTORSHOULDFACILITATETHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFPDMATHEVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORUTILIZESONEPORTCOPLANARWAVEGUIDECPWCONFIGURATIONWITH3TESTPADSGROUNDSIGNALGROUNDWITHAPITCHOF150ΜMTHETHREETESTPADSALSOSERVEASTHEANCHOROFTHEVERTICALINDUCTORSONTHESUBSTRATE31MATERIALCONSIDERATIONGOLDISUSEDASTHEMATERIALFORTHEBOTTOMCONDUCTORTHECOILGOLDISADUCTILEMATERIALWITHHIGHCONDUCTIVITYITISANIDEALPLASTICDEFORMATIONMATERIALFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFPDMACOPPERISSELECTEDASTHEMATERIALOFTHETOPCONDUCTORTHEBRIDGECOPPERISALSOAHIGHCONDUCTIVITYMETALANDITSPROCESSINGISCOMPATIBLEWITHTHEGOLDBOTTOMCONDUCTORDURINGTHEFABRICATIONSILICONOXIDEANDNITRIDEAREGOODDIELECTRICMATERIALSAVAILABLEINSILICONICPROCESSHOWEVER,THEYARENOTSUITABLEFORVERTICALPLANARCOILINDUCTORSDUETOHIGHINTERNALSTRESSANDPOORADHESIONONMETAL

簡(jiǎn)介：運(yùn)用線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃對(duì)注塑模澆口位置優(yōu)化的研究運(yùn)用線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃對(duì)注塑模澆口位置優(yōu)化的研究張明，謝英張明，謝英摘要摘要澆口位置是在注塑模設(shè)計(jì)中關(guān)于其質(zhì)量的最重要的影響因素之一，在本文澆口位置是在注塑模設(shè)計(jì)中關(guān)于其質(zhì)量的最重要的影響因素之一，在本文中，對(duì)注塑模注塑過(guò)程的數(shù)字優(yōu)化和設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化方法一起去尋找最佳的澆口位置中，對(duì)注塑模注塑過(guò)程的數(shù)字優(yōu)化和設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化方法一起去尋找最佳的澆口位置以獲得平衡澆注。其客觀效果通過(guò)最大和最小邊際填充時(shí)間來(lái)表示。澆口道形以獲得平衡澆注。其客觀效果通過(guò)最大和最小邊際填充時(shí)間來(lái)表示。澆口道形式根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的不同而不同，同時(shí)對(duì)其加以約束，使其澆口道壓力小于參照值。式根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的不同而不同，同時(shí)對(duì)其加以約束，使其澆口道壓力小于參照值。澆口優(yōu)化問(wèn)題通過(guò)線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃來(lái)解決，并最終用幾個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明使用方法的優(yōu)澆口優(yōu)化問(wèn)題通過(guò)線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃來(lái)解決，并最終用幾個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明使用方法的優(yōu)劣。劣。關(guān)鍵詞注塑模，澆口位置，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，澆注平衡關(guān)鍵詞注塑模，澆口位置，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，澆注平衡1簡(jiǎn)介注塑模具是目前為止最流行的塑料零件的生產(chǎn)方式，由于在注塑中復(fù)雜的加工動(dòng)力學(xué)因素影響很大，完全了解和預(yù)測(cè)塑件最終的質(zhì)量是很困難的。在過(guò)去的三十年里，因清楚地了解注塑過(guò)程特性和塑料融化過(guò)程中的熱傳遞注塑模具的數(shù)字仿真得到了很大的發(fā)展，因此可以預(yù)測(cè)塑件的質(zhì)量特性而不需要實(shí)際制作出零件來(lái)。然而電腦輔助設(shè)計(jì)要求設(shè)計(jì)者進(jìn)行數(shù)字仿真，執(zhí)行模具評(píng)估，根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)直到得到一個(gè)滿(mǎn)意的模具。這種手工的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程不能保證設(shè)計(jì)模具的最好的結(jié)果，因此引起人們使用優(yōu)化方式進(jìn)行模具優(yōu)化的興趣。已經(jīng)有幾個(gè)案例對(duì)注塑模過(guò)程優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了研究，PANDELIDIS和周運(yùn)用數(shù)字仿真和上升技術(shù)結(jié)合對(duì)澆口位置進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，澆口位置影響可以用溫度的積分函數(shù)來(lái)表示。YOUNG使用最小化模具注射壓力、不同注射方法和注射過(guò)程中的不同溫度研究出一中澆口優(yōu)化的方法。YEETAL設(shè)計(jì)出一種組合去最優(yōu)化塑件質(zhì)刻T聚合物填充因素在各個(gè)控制體積下為定值（1時(shí)全部填滿(mǎn)，0時(shí)為空，0????1時(shí)為部分填充），大規(guī)模的平衡在各個(gè)控制體積下在TT時(shí)刻為一個(gè)新值，然后在該時(shí)?刻的填充區(qū)域可通過(guò)計(jì)算各個(gè)小區(qū)域的填充因素來(lái)得到。壓力區(qū)，填充因素，溫度區(qū)經(jīng)重復(fù)計(jì)算直到填充結(jié)束。聚合物填充至各個(gè)有限元節(jié)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間可以通過(guò)此種進(jìn)程來(lái)確定。3最優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的定義澆口位置的決定是模具設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的很重要的一個(gè)部分，澆口位置影響到填充時(shí)間壓力和溫度。合理的澆口可以減少額定壓力，而不合理的澆口則會(huì)引起過(guò)填充，高剪切力，不良融合線(xiàn)等缺陷，因此，澆口位置的選擇是整個(gè)模具設(shè)計(jì)中的最重要的一個(gè)部分，有必要尋找到最優(yōu)的澆口位置，以達(dá)到最好的塑件質(zhì)量。本文中對(duì)澆口的位置優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。澆口作為一個(gè)點(diǎn)源建模，澆口位置坐標(biāo)則因設(shè)計(jì)的不同而不同。為了將最優(yōu)化理論應(yīng)用于注塑模具過(guò)程，需要首先對(duì)塑件質(zhì)量進(jìn)行定量。零件質(zhì)量可以通過(guò)不同的方面來(lái)表示，比如力學(xué)，光學(xué)，電學(xué)或者幾何特性等。有兩種表示零件質(zhì)量的方法，直接的和間接的。直接的可以決定零件可測(cè)量的數(shù)量，間接的則是一些相關(guān)的但是不能直接得到的量。LAMETAL對(duì)型腔平衡提出了流動(dòng)路徑的概念，對(duì)于注塑模具，流動(dòng)路徑的定義為從融融塑料進(jìn)入型腔開(kāi)始到填充結(jié)束過(guò)程中塑料經(jīng)過(guò)的路徑?？梢钥醋鍪菨部诘叫颓蛔钌钐幍穆烦蹋粋€(gè)自動(dòng)生成的路徑就出現(xiàn)了。對(duì)于厚度一致的零件，如果流動(dòng)路徑一樣長(zhǎng)就可以達(dá)到澆注平衡，然而，同樣的澆注路徑部分時(shí)候很難達(dá)到。取而代之的是，將流動(dòng)路徑長(zhǎng)短的不同當(dāng)做是填充不一致的測(cè)量方式。流動(dòng)路徑之間的差別越小，塑件平衡就越大。由此，LAM和JIN將流動(dòng)路徑當(dāng)做是澆口優(yōu)化以達(dá)到澆注平衡的客觀衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然而，對(duì)于厚度不一致的零件來(lái)說(shuō)，即使其余條件完全一致，對(duì)于每一個(gè)元素的澆注也是不同的。這就意味著流動(dòng)路徑不再適合，這種標(biāo)注也不可以再用于衡量厚度不一致的塑件的平衡了。盡管填充時(shí)間的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差描述了整體的填充時(shí)間等但它并不直接表述了最大最小填充時(shí)間邊界的不同，最大最小時(shí)間的不同也可以用來(lái)反映填充的不一致，在此文中被用作客觀函數(shù)，這樣基于澆注時(shí)間不同的澆口優(yōu)化可以表述為

簡(jiǎn)介：第45頁(yè)共57頁(yè)中文中文2940字出處出處NDTCASESTUDYLALFAYEZ,DMBA,GDYSONJULY2005ABSTRACTPUMPSPLAYASIGNIFICANTROLEININDUSTRIALPLANTSANDNEEDCONTINUOUSMONITORINGTOMINIMIZELOSSOFPRODUCTIONTODATE,THEREISLIMITEDPUBLISHEDINFORMATIONONTHEAPPLICATIONOFACOUSTICEMISSIONAETOINCIPIENTPUMPCAVITATIONTHISPAPERPRESENTSACASESTUDYWHEREAEHASBEENAPPLIEDFORDETECTINGINCIPIENTCAVITATIONANDDETERMININGTHEBESTEFFICIENCYPOINTBEPOFA60KWCENTRIFUGALPUMPRESULTSPRESENTEDAREBASEDONNPSHNETPOSITIVESUCTIONHEADANDPERFORMANCETESTSINCONCLUSIONTHEAETECHNIQUEWASSHOWNTOOFFEREARLYDETECTIONOFINCIPIENTCAVITATION,FURTHERMORE,THETECHNIQUEHASDEMONSTRATEDTHEABILITYTODETERMINETHEBEPOFAPUMPKEYWORDSACOUSTICEMISSIONBESTEFFICIENCYPOINTCAVITATIONCONDITIONMONITORINGPUMPPERFORMANCE1INTRODUCTIONTYPICALLYTHEPUMPMANUFACTURERWILLUNDERTAKEPERFORMANCEANDNPSHNETPOSITIVESUCTIONHEADTESTSONSUPPLIEDPUMPS,THESIGNIFICANCEOFTHELATTERISTODETERMINETHE3DROPINHEADATWHICHSERIOUSCAVITATIONSWILLOCCURTHENPSHCANBEEXPRESSEDASTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHESUCTIONHEADANDTHELIQUIDSVAPOURHEADTHECONCEPTOFNPSHWASDEVELOPEDFORTHEPURPOSEOFCOMPARINGINLETCONDITIONOFTHESYSTEMWITHTHEINLETREQUIREMENTOFTHEPUMPCAVITATIONCAUSESALOSSOFPUMPEFFICIENCYANDDEGRADATIONOFTHEMECHANICALINTEGRITYOFTHEPUMPITMUSTBENOTEDTHATCAVITATIONSTARTSTODEVELOPBEFORETHE3DROPINHEADITISGENERALLYACCEPTEDTHATTHECRITICALPRESSUREFORINCEPTIONOFCAVITATIONISNOTCONSTANTANDVARIESWITHOPERATIONFLUIDPHYSICALPROPERTIESANDTHESURFACEROUGHNESSXX大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）第47頁(yè)共57頁(yè)ASERIESOFPERFORMANCEANDNPSHTESTSWEREUNDERTAKENONATWOSTAGE‘DAVIDBROWN’60KWCENTRIFUGALPUMPMODELDB22WITHAMAXIMUMCAPACITYOF204M3/HATANEFFICIENCYOF706THESETESTSWEREUNDERTAKENUSINGACLOSEDLOOPARRANGEMENTWITHAVACUUMFACILITYINACCORDANCEWITHBS9906ITMUSTBENOTEDTHATBESTENDEAVOURSWEREUNDERTAKENTOREDUCETHETIMETAKENTOREACHTHEREQUIREDFLOWRATEDURINGPERFORMANCEANDNPSHTESTSACOUSTICEMISSIONSENSORSWERELOCATEDATADISTANCEOF05MFROMSUCTIONFLANGEATTHESUCTIONFLANGEONTHEPUMPCASINGINTHEVICINITYOFIMPELLERSUCTIONEYEONTHECASINGINTHEVICINITYOFTHEIMPELLERDISCHARGETIP05MFROMDISCHARGEFLANGE,SEEFIGURE13DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMSTHEAESENSORSUSEDFORALLOFTHEEXPERIMENTSWEREBROADBANDTYPESENSORSWITHARELATIVEFLATRESPONSEINTHEREGIONBETWEEN100KHZTO1MHZMODELWD,‘PHYSICALACOUSTICSCORPORATION’THEOUTPUTSIGNALFROMTHEAESENSORSWASPREAMPLIFIEDAT40DBCONTINUOUSAERMSVALUESWERECALCULATEDINREALTIMEBYTHEANALOGUETODIGITALCONVERTERADCTHESAMPLINGRATEFORACQUISITIONWASSETAT100MSFORALLTESTSANDTHETIMECONSTANTFORCALCULATINGTHEAERMSWASALSOSETAT100MS4EXPERIMENTALRESULTSANDOBSERVATION41PERFORMANCETESTFIGURE2DETAILSTHEPERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEPUMP,HIGHLIGHTINGTHEBEPAT945M/HRTHEPERFORMANCETESTWEREUNDERTAKENTWICETOENSUREREPEATABILITYOBSERVATIONSOFAERMSACTIVITYDURINGTHEPERFORMANCETESTAREDISPLAYEDINFIGURE3DURINGTHEPERFORMANCETEST,AEACTIVITYFROMTHESENSORLOCATEDINTHEVICINITYOFIMPELLERONPUMPCASINGWASFOUNDTOHAVETHELARGESTMAGNITUDE,PROVIDINGTHEBESTPOSITIONFORCORRELATINGAEACTIVITYTOPUMPPERFORMANCEITWASOBSERVEDTHATTHEMINIMUMAERMSVALUEWASOBTAINEDFORAFLOWRATEOF945M/HRATTHISFLOWRATETHEAEACTIVITYGENERATEDFROMTHEFLUIDFLOWWITHINTHEPUMPANDPIPESWASLOWESTINCOMPARISONTOOTHERFLOWRATESEITHERSIDEOFTHISFLOWRATERESULTEDININCREASINGAERMSACTIVITYWITHINCREASEDFLOWRATESBASEDONTHESEOBSERVATIONSITWASCONCLUDEDTHATTHEBEPMUSTOCCURWHERETHEREWASMINIMAL33

簡(jiǎn)介：橋式起重機(jī)副起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)1譯文伺服電機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用伺服電機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用電機(jī)是如何工作的電機(jī)是如何工作的電動(dòng)機(jī)是將電能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng),電機(jī)用在家用電器,電動(dòng)風(fēng)扇,遙控玩具等各種使用場(chǎng)合電機(jī)起源于早期電學(xué)上的一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)ARAGO轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)在1824年,FRANCOISARAGO發(fā)現(xiàn)懸浮在銅盤(pán)上的磁針,在銅盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)也跟著轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)第二年,計(jì)算機(jī)先驅(qū)CHARLESBABBAGE和天文學(xué)家JOHNHERSCHEL向人們展示上述運(yùn)動(dòng)可以相逆的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一塊位于銅盤(pán)上方較強(qiáng)的磁鐵時(shí),銅盤(pán)也轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)在1831年,MICHAELFARADAY通過(guò)試驗(yàn)來(lái)解釋這一現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因在電機(jī)實(shí)際運(yùn)用前,半個(gè)多世紀(jì)來(lái)做這些電機(jī)些基礎(chǔ)研究過(guò)了幾十年后,許多發(fā)明家不斷改進(jìn)發(fā)明將電能轉(zhuǎn)換成機(jī)械能其中一個(gè)就是1832HIPPOLYTEPIXII改進(jìn)了之后稱(chēng)為換向器的發(fā)明它通過(guò)改變位于兩個(gè)或更多的固定電磁石電流方向,以維持一臺(tái)電機(jī)連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)THOMASDAVENPORT是第一個(gè)制造出在工業(yè)中使用的電機(jī)并是第一個(gè)對(duì)電機(jī)申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的不久電機(jī)被用作諸如交通運(yùn)輸?shù)葓?chǎng)合MORITZHERMANNDEJACOBI將一臺(tái)電機(jī)安裝在涅瓦河上的一條船上CHARLESGPAGE用電機(jī)做了一臺(tái)小型機(jī)車(chē)伴隨著19世紀(jì)80年代商業(yè)性電力供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn),制造出更大的電機(jī)也變得有可能EDISON鼓勵(lì)在工業(yè)中便用電機(jī),并且設(shè)計(jì)了幾一些為工業(yè)使用兵新型電機(jī)橋式起重機(jī)副起升機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)3電機(jī)的繞組電壓可以是交流也可以是直流這類(lèi)永磁電機(jī)同以前的永磁電機(jī)類(lèi)似。圖11顯示的是一臺(tái)普通永磁電機(jī)的剖示圖。圖12展示的是伺服永磁電機(jī)的剖示圖。從圖中可以看出，新的電機(jī)在軸承室，轉(zhuǎn)子，定子上同以前的電機(jī)類(lèi)似。主要的區(qū)別只在于這種新類(lèi)型的電機(jī)可以較大的負(fù)載從靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)動(dòng)作。這類(lèi)永磁電機(jī)同樣有一個(gè)編碼器或變壓器被放置在電機(jī)內(nèi)部。這個(gè)可以確保設(shè)備能更精確的顯示電機(jī)軸的位置或速度。圖11典型永磁電機(jī)

簡(jiǎn)介：外文文獻(xiàn)原文外文文獻(xiàn)原文ALONGWITHTHESOCIALPRODUCTIONPROGRESSANDPEOPLELIFERHYTHMISACCELERATING,PEOPLEONPRODUCTIONEFFICIENCYALSOCONTINUOUSLYPUTFORWARDNEWREQUIREMENTSBECAUSEOFMICROELECTRONICSTECHNOLOGYANDCALCULATIONSOFTWAREANDHARDWARETECHNOLOGYRAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDMODERNCONTROLTHEORY,THEPERFECTIONOFTHEFASTDEVELOPMENT,THEROBOTTECHNOLOGYPNEUMATICMANIPULATORSYSTEMBECAUSEITSMEDIASOURCESDONOTPOLLUTETHEENVIRONMENT,SIMPLEANDCHEAPCOMPONENTS,CONVENIENTMAINTENANCEANDSYSTEMSAFETYANDRELIABILITYCHARACTERISTIC,HASPENETRATEDINTOEVERYSECTOROFTHEINDUSTRIALFIELD,INTHEINDUSTRIALDEVELOPMENTPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLETHISARTICLETELLSOFTHEPNEUMATICCONTROLROBOTS,FURIOUSMANIPULATORXYAXISSCREWGROUP,THETURNTABLEINSTITUTIONS,ROTATINGMECHANICALPARTSBASEMAINEFFECTISCOMPLETEMECHANICALCOMPONENTSHANDLINGWORK,TOBEPLACEDINDIFFERENTKINDSOFLINEORLOGISTICSPIPELINE,MAKEPARTSHANDLING,TRANSPORTOFGOODSMOREQUICKANDCONVENIENTMATTERSOFTHEMANIPULATORAXIALLINKAGESIMPLESTRUCTUREANDACTIONPROCESSMANIPULATORSTRUCTURE,ASSHOWNINFIGURE1BELOWHAVEACCUSEDOFMANIPULATOR1,XYAXISSCREWGROUP2,THETURNTABLEINSTITUTIONS3,ROTATINGBASE4,ETCITSMOTIONCONTROLMODEIS1CANROTATEBYSERVOMOTORANGLEFOR360°BREATHCONTROLMANIPULATORPHOTOELECTRICSENSORSURESTART0POINT2BYSTEPPINGMOTORDRIVESCREWCOMPONENTMAKEALONGTHEX,YMANIPULATORSMOVEHAVEX,YAXISLIMITSWITCHES3CANROTATES360°CANDRIVETHETURNTABLEINSTITUTIONSMANIPULATORSANDBUSHINGSFREEROTATIONITSELECTRICDRAGINPARTBYTHEDCMOTIVATION,PHOTOELECTRICENCODER,CLOSETOSWITCHETC4ROTATINGBASEMAINSUPPORTABOVE3PARTS5GASCONTROLMANIPULATORBYPRESSURECONTROLZHANGCLOSEWHENPRESSEDON,PUTINFLATABLEROBOTMANIPULATORSLOOSENWHENGASITSWORKINGPROCESSFORWHENTHEGOODSARRIVED,MANIPULATORSYSTEMBEGINSTOMOVESTEPPINGMOTORCONTROL,WHILETHEOTHERSTARTDOWNWARDMOTIONALONGTHEHORIZONTALAXISOFTHESTEPMOTORCONTROLLERBEGANTOMOVEEXERCISESERVOMOTORDRIVERARRIVEDJUSTGRABGOODSMANIPULATORSROTATINGTHEORIENTATIONOFTHEPLACE,THENINFLATABLE,MANIPULATORCANSWING360°INTHEBODYONTHETURNTABLE,FITTEDWITHOMRONE6A2PRODUCEDINCREMENTALROTARYENCODER,THEENCODERSIGNALSTOTHEPLC,TOACHIEVEPRECISEPOSITIONINGOFROTARYBODIES5PLCSELECTIONACCORDINGTOTHESYSTEMDESIGNREQUIREMENTS,THECHOICEOFOMRONCPM2APRODUCEDMINICOMPUTERCPM2AINACOMPACTUNITINTEGRATEDWITHAVARIETYOFPROPERTIES,INCLUDINGTHESYNCHRONIZATIONPULSECONTROL,INTERRUPTINPUT,PULSEOUTPUT,ANALOGSETANDCLOCKFUNCTIONSCPM2ATHECPUUNITISASTANDALONEUNIT,CAPABLEOFHANDLINGAWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONOFMECHANICALCONTROL,ITISBUILTINTHEDEVICECONTROLUNITFORTHEIDEALPRODUCTENSURETHEINTEGRITYOFCOMMUNICATIONSANDPERSONALCOMPUTERS,OTHEROMRONPCANDOMRONPROGRAMMABLETERMINALCOMMUNICATIONTHECOMMUNICATIONCAPABILITYALLOWSTHEROBOTTOAXISSIMPLEEASYINTEGRATIONINTOINDUSTRIALCONTROLSYSTEMSIIISOFTWAREPROGRAMMING1SOFTWAREFLOWCHARTPLCPROGRAMMINGFLOWCHARTISBASEDONLYTHEDESIGNFLOW,ITMAYBESMOOTHANDEASYTOPREPAREANDWRITEASTATEMENTFORMTHELADDER,ANDULTIMATELYCOMPLETETHEPROCESSDESIGNSOWRITEAFLOWCHARTOFPROGRAMDESIGNISCRITICALTOTHETASKFIRSTTHINGTODOAXISMANIPULATORBASEDONSIMPLECONTROLREQUIREMENTS,DRAWINGFLOWCHARTSHOWNINFIGURE2

簡(jiǎn)介：機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯中文中文3258字DOUGHTHERMOMECHANICALPROPERTIESINFLUENCEOFSODIUMCHLORIDE,MIXINGTIMEANDEQUIPMENTAANGIOLONI,MDALLAROSA出處出處JOURNALOFCEREALSCIENCE412005327–331ABSTRACTTHERMOMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFDOUGHSPREPAREDFROMCOMMONWHEATFLOURWEREINVESTIGATEDUNDERDIFFERENTKNEADINGCONDITIONSANDWITHDIFFERENTAMOUNTSOFSODIUMCHLORIDEDYNAMICMECHANICALTHERMALANALYSISSHOWEDTHATHIGHSPEEDMIXINGANDTHEADDITIONOFSALTTODOUGHSLOWEDHEATINDUCEDREACTIONSSUCHASSTARCHGELATINISATIONANDPROTEINCOAGULATIONTHEEFFECTOFDOUGHMIXINGTECHNOLOGYWASMORESIGNIFICANTTHANTHEAMOUNTOFSODIUMCHLORIDEINMODIFYINGDOUGHRHEOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSQ2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSDOUGHMIXINGSODIUMCHLORIDETHERMOMECHANICALPROPERTIESSTARCHGELATINIZATION1INTRODUCTIONTHEFIRSTSTEPINABAKINGPROCESSISMIXINGTHEDOUGHHOWTHEMIXINGISPERFORMEDANDTHEINGREDIENTSAREINCORPORATEDANDDISPERSEDLARGELYDETERMINETHEFINALQUALITYOFTHEBAKEDPRODUCTAAMODTETAL,2003BASARANANDGO¨CMEN,2003THEPRODUCTIONOFWHEATDOUGHISAPROCESSINWHICHRAWMATERIALSMAINLYFLOUR,WATER,SALTANDYEASTAREMIXEDANDSUBJECTEDTOALARGERANGEOFSTRAINSITUATIONSDOUGHISACOMPLEXMIXTUREOFSTARCH,PROTEIN,FATANDSALTMIXINGHASTHREEIMPORTANTFUNCTIONSIITBLENDSTHEINGREDIENTSINTOAMACROSCOPICALLYHOMOGENEOUSMASS,IIITDEVELOPSTHEDOUGHINTOATHREEDIMENSIONALVISCOELASTICSTRUCTUREWITHGASRETAININGPROPERTIESANDIIIITINCORPORATESAIRWHICHWILLFORMNUCLEIFORGASBUBBLESTHATGROWDURINGDOUGHFERMENTATIONBLOKSMA,1990COLLADOANDLEYN,2000DOBRASZCZYKANDMORGENSTERN,2003HOSENEYANDROGERS,1990NAEEMETAL,2002BOTHMIXINGINTENSITYANDMIXINGENERGYMUSTBEABOVEAMINIMUMCRITICALLEVELTODEVELOPTHEDOUGHPROPERLY,THELEVELVARYINGWITHFLOURANDMIXERTYPEKILBORNANDTIPPLES,1972MACRITCHIE,1986SKEGGS,1985ZHENGETAL,2000THETIMEREQUIREDFOROPTIMUMDOUGHDEVELOPMENTISPOSITIVELYCORRELATEDWITHTHEPOLYMERICPROTEINCOMPOSITIONANDTHEBALANCEBETWEENPROTEINPOLYMERSANDMONOMERSDOBRASZCZYKANDMORGENSTERN,2003MACRITCHIE,1992MILLAR,2004RHEOLOGICALPROPERTIESCHANGEDURINGEVERYSTAGEOFTHEDOUGHMAKINGPROCESSSTRESSCONDITIONSAREHIGHWHENTHEDOUGHISMIXEDINHIGHSPEEDMIXERS,TOBECOMEANELASTICANDCOHERENTMASSMIXINGSPEEDANDENERGYWORKINPUTMUSTBEHIGHERTHANACERTAINVALUETODEVELOPTHEGLUTENNETWORKANDTOPRODUCEASUITABLEBREADMAKINGDOUGHONTHEOTHERHAND,ANOPTIMALMIXINGTIMEHASBEENRELATEDTOOPTIMUMBREADMAKINGPERFORMANCEWHICHVARIESDEPENDINGONMIXERTYPEANDINGREDIENTSDOBRASZCZYKANDMORGENSTERN,2003MANIETAL,1992FOREXAMPLE,KNEADINGDOUGHSTOREACHOPTIMUMDEVELOPMENTUSINGELONGATIONALFLOWINSHEETING,REQUIREDONLY10–15OFTHEENERGYGENERALLY機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯UNTILTHETHICKNESSOFSAMPLEWAS2MMANDEXCESSWASTRIMMEDOFFTHEEXPOSEDSURFACEWASCOVEREDWITHATHINLAYEROFMINERALOILTOPREVENTMOISTURELOSSDURINGTESTINGTHESAMPLEWASRESTEDANOTHER15MININTHERHEOMETER,BEFOREEACHMEASUREMENT,ALLOWINGRELAXATIONOFSTRESSESINDUCEDDURINGSAMPLELOADINGTORELAXALLMEASUREMENTSWEREPERFORMEDATAHEATINGRATEOF088C/MINATFIXEDFREQUENCYOF1HZWITHTHEOSCILLATIONAMPLITUDESMALLENOUGHTOENSURELINEARVISCOELASTICITYTHEDATAAREREPORTEDASMEANSOFMEASUREMENTSMADEONTHREESAMPLES,WHEREEACHSAMPLEWASOBTAINEDFROMASEPARATELYPREPAREDBATCHOFDOUGHFOREACHFORMULATIONANDFORTHEDIFFERENTMIXERSUSEDSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESINSTORAGEMODULUSG0AT1HZWEREDETERMINEDBYLEASTSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCEANALYSISWITHP005ALLSTATISTICALANALYSESWEREPERFORMEDWITHTHESTATSOFTVERSION63RESULTSANDDISCUSSION31FLOURCHEMICALANDPHYSICALPROPERTIESTHECHEMICALCOMPOSITIONANDRHEOLOGICALPROPERTIESOFTHEFLOURARESHOWNINTABLE2ANALYSISOFALVEOGRAPHDATACATEGORISESTHEFLOURUSEDASWEAK,ANDASSEENBYTHEP/LRATIO,THEGLUTENISRICHERINGLIADINSTHANINGLUTENINSTHERESISTANCEOFAGLUTENDOUGHTOEXTENSIONDECREASESANDEXTENSIBILITYINCREASESWITHANINCREASINGGLIADINTOGLUTENINRATIOGRASBERGERETAL,2003KIMETAL,1988UTHAYAKUMURANETAL,2000

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2805字出處出處PROCEEDINGSOFINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONIEEE,1996250260畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文資料翻譯系部部機(jī)械工程系專(zhuān)業(yè)業(yè)機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)外文出處外文出處DESIGNOFTHEDISTRIBUTEDARCHITECTUREOFAMACHINETOOL附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)簽名年月日三種單元用戶(hù)接口/監(jiān)控單元/規(guī)劃單元，伺服單元，傳感器/制動(dòng)器單位。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的主要功能是用來(lái)控制工件的加工。它包括兩個(gè)不同的和相關(guān)的任務(wù)●為了確保軌跡的準(zhǔn)確性和對(duì)機(jī)床移動(dòng)部件的速度控制●為了調(diào)查定位（跟蹤）過(guò)程的正確執(zhí)行，環(huán)境變化的影響與指定操作的執(zhí)行或機(jī)床機(jī)件的運(yùn)動(dòng)同樣重要。例如工具開(kāi)關(guān)，冷卻，潤(rùn)滑等。CAM的制造日期圖1架構(gòu)功能按時(shí)間順序，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)也可分為兩個(gè)步驟規(guī)劃控制程序規(guī)劃和執(zhí)行控制程序。第一步，機(jī)床機(jī)件沒(méi)有直接的方向，只有運(yùn)動(dòng)和被指定執(zhí)行的操作，這是“數(shù)據(jù)采集和預(yù)處理”的一步。雖然在第二步，是控制的有效執(zhí)行。值得指出的是在第二步由于多任務(wù)的性質(zhì)，并行處理是可行的。3FIP現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)FIP系統(tǒng)被用來(lái)滿(mǎn)足分布式機(jī)床上實(shí)時(shí)通信的需要。在這一節(jié)中，我們簡(jiǎn)要地解釋一下FIP系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)性能。FIP（工廠儀表協(xié)議）是網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)用于傳感器的驅(qū)動(dòng)器和控制設(shè)備如PLCS，CNCS或機(jī)器人控制器之間的信息交換。FIP系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)采用所謂的密封性以減少OSI模型物理層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和應(yīng)工作規(guī)劃/編程（軌跡，工具的選擇，其他加工參數(shù)采集）基本替換計(jì)算軸伺服控制系統(tǒng)機(jī)床構(gòu)件傳感器/制動(dòng)器環(huán)境自動(dòng)安全監(jiān)測(cè)加工

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文6512字出處出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFPRECISIONENGINEERINGANDMANUFACTURING,2010,1113947DEVELOPMENTOFA3AXISDESKTOPMILLINGMACHINEANDACNCSYSTEMUSINGADVANCEDMODERNCONTROLALGORITHMSKIMBS,ROSK,PARKJK1INTRODUCTIONASNEWFIELDSSUCHASITINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,BTBIOTECHNOLOGYANDNTNANOTECHNOLOGYEMERGEASADRIVINGFORCEINTHEINDUSTRY,THEINTERESTSINMICROFACTORYSYSTEMHAVEBEENGROWINGTHEMICROFACTORYISAMINIATURIZEDFLEXIBLEMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMWHICHCONSUMESMINIMALSPACEANDENERGYCOMPAREDTOTHECONVENTIONALONE,ANDITISDESIREDTOPRODUCEMICRO/MESOSIZEMECHANICALCOMPONENTSNECESSARYFORIT,BTANDNTAPPLICATIONSMAJORTECHNICALUNITSCONTRIBUTINGTOMICROMECHANICALMACHININGSYSTEMSARE,TONAMEAFEW,HIGHSPEEDSPINDLESYSTEMS,MICROHIGHPRECISIONFEEDINGSYSTEMS,CONTROLSYSTEMSTOGENERATECOORDINATEDMOTIONS,TOOLINGANDCHUCKINGSYSTEMS,FRAMEDESIGNANDMODULEALLOCATIONSCHEMESBASEDUPONOPTIMIZATIONFORHIGHSTIFFNESSRESEARCHERSHAVEBEENTRYINGTOPUTMICROTECHNOLOGIESTOGETHERTOBUILDMICROFACTORYSYSTEMSWHICHMAKEMICRO/MESOSIZEPRECISIONPARTSTOMEETTHENEEDSFROMTHEMANUFACTURINGINDUSTRY1INTHISPAPER,WEPRESENTAMINIATURIZED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEANDADEDICATEDCNCSYSTEMFORTHEMACHINETHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEISCONSTRUCTEDASONEOFMICROFACTORYMODULEANDDESIGNEDTOPRODUCEHIGHPRECISIONMICROPARTSITHASADESKTOPSIZEOF200300200MM3ANDISSERVINGASOURTESTBEDMACHINEFROMFINITEELEMENTANALYSISANDANIMPACTHAMMERTEST,WEHAVEVERIFIEDTHATITHASAGOODSTRUCTURALSTIFFNESSANDHIGHNATURALFREQUENCIESAHIGHSPEEDAIRTURBINESPINDLEONTHEHORIZONTALZAXISCANRUNATUPTO160,000RPMTHIS3AXISMILLINGMACHINEWASPUTUNDERREALMACHININGTESTSANDITSUCCESSFULLYDEMONSTRATEDITSMACHININGCAPABILITIESACNCSYSTEMWASDEVELOPEDFOROPERATIONOFTHE3AXISDESKTOPMILLINGMACHINETHECNCSYSTEMINCLUDESAGCODEINTERPRETERWHICHCANPROCESSABASICSETOFGCODESANDMCODESINREALTIMETHECNCSYSTEMCONSISTSOFTWOPARTSTHEONEISAGRAPHICALUSERINTERFACEWHICHRUNSUNDERMICROSOFTWINDOWS,ANDTHEOTHERISADSPPROGRAMWHICHINTERPOLATESCOMMANDSANDEXECUTESAREALTIMESERVOCONTROLTWOPARTSCOMMUNICATEEACHOTHERTHROUGHADUALPORTRAMRANDOMACCESSMEMORYJOBASSIGNMENTSFORTHETWOPARTSAREDISCUSSEDINDETAILINTHISPAPERTOIMPROVETHEPERFORMANCEOFTHECNCSYSTEMFORTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEBEYONDTHETRADITIONALPIDTYPECONTROL,DIFFERENTCONTROLSCHEMESHAVEBEENTESTEDINCLUDINGH∞CONTROL,INPUTSHAPINGCONTROL,DISTURBANCEOBSERVERANDCROSSCOUPLEDCONTROLONTHE321STATICANDDYNAMICANALYSISFINITEELEMENTANALYSISWASDONETOINVESTIGATETHESTATICANDDYNAMICCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDESIGNED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEUSINGAFINITEELEMENTMODELASSHOWNINFIG3THECOMPUTATIONALRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEDEFLECTIONDUETOITSOWNWEIGHTWASNEGLIGIBLEWHENA10NFORCEWASLOCATEDATTHEMACHININGPOSITIONINZDIRECTION,THENUMERICALRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEDISPLACEMENTCHANGEATTHEWORKTABLEWOULDBEABOUT007,ANDTHEBACKFAMEWOULDUNDERGOLESSTHAN002DEFLECTIONINZDIRECTIONITSEEMSTHATTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEHASGOODSTIFFNESSDUETOGOODFRAMEDESIGNANDAPAIROFSMALLLMGUIDESSUPPORTINGEACHXANDYDIRECTIONTHEMODALANALYSISREVEALEDMANYIMPORTANTDYNAMICMODESOFTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEWEUSEDTHEIMPACTHAMMERTESTTOVERIFYTHECOMPUTEDNATURALFREQUENCIESTHEMEASUREDNATURALFREQUENCIESDONOTEXACTLYMATCHTHECOMPUTEDONES,BUTTHEINDICATEDFREQUENCYRANGEFROMTHEFINITEELEMENTMODALANALYSISWASSIMILARTOTHATFROMTHEIMPACTHAMMERTESTFIG4ANDTABLE1SHOWTHEMEASUREDNATURALFREQUENCIESANDCORRESPONDINGFREQUENCYRESPONSEFUNCTIONOFTHE3AXISMILLINGMACHINEITCANBESEENTHATTHENATURALFREQUENCIESOFZAXISSTAGE,WHICHISSUPPOSEDTOBELOWINSTIFFNESSDUETOITSAIRBEARING,LOCATEATARANGEOF250390HZTHENATURALFREQUENCYOFTHEXYSTAGESHOWSATABOUT400AND710HZAND,FORTHEBACKFRAME,ITISAROUND440AND640HZITSEEMSTHATTHEDESIGNEDMINIATURIZED3AXISMILLINGMACHINEHASHIGHERNATURALFREQUENCIESTHANCONVENTIONALMACHINETOOLS

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文6420字，字，4000單詞，單詞，2萬(wàn)英文字符萬(wàn)英文字符出處出處OSSWALDD,WRNHMECHANICALSYSTEMANDCONTROLSYSTEMOFADEXTEROUSROBOTHANDC//2004機(jī)械手的機(jī)械和控制系統(tǒng)DOSSWALD，HWRN摘要最近，全球內(nèi)帶有多指夾子或手的機(jī)械人系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來(lái)了，多種方法應(yīng)用其上，有擬人化的和非擬人化的。不僅調(diào)查了這些系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),而且還包括其必要的控制系統(tǒng)。如同人手一樣，這些機(jī)械人系統(tǒng)可以用它們的手去抓不同的物體，而不用改換夾子。這些機(jī)械手具備特殊的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力（比如小質(zhì)量和小慣性），這使被抓物體在機(jī)械手的工作范圍內(nèi)做更復(fù)雜、更精確的操作變得可能。這些復(fù)雜的操作被抓物體繞任意角度和軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。本文概述了這種機(jī)械手的一般設(shè)計(jì)方法，同時(shí)給出了此類(lèi)機(jī)械手的一個(gè)示例，如卡爾斯魯厄靈巧手Ⅱ。本文末介紹了一些新的構(gòu)想，如利用液體驅(qū)動(dòng)器為類(lèi)人型機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)全新的機(jī)械手。關(guān)鍵詞多指機(jī)械手；機(jī)器人手；精操作；機(jī)械系統(tǒng)；控制系統(tǒng)11引言引言2001年6月在德國(guó)卡爾斯魯厄開(kāi)展的“人形機(jī)器人”特別研究，是為了開(kāi)發(fā)在正常環(huán)境（如廚房或客廳）下能夠和人類(lèi)合作和互動(dòng)的機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)。設(shè)計(jì)這些機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)是為了能夠在非專(zhuān)業(yè)、非工業(yè)的條件下（如身處多物之中），幫我們抓取不同尺寸、形狀和重量的物體。同時(shí)，它們必須能夠很好的操縱被抓物體。這種極強(qiáng)的靈活性只能通過(guò)一個(gè)適應(yīng)性極強(qiáng)的機(jī)械人手抓系統(tǒng)來(lái)獲得，即所謂的多指機(jī)械手或機(jī)器人手。上文提到的研究項(xiàng)目，就是要制造一個(gè)人形機(jī)器人，此機(jī)器人將裝備這種機(jī)器人手系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)新手將由兩個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)合作制造，它們是卡爾斯魯厄大學(xué)的IPR（過(guò)程控制和機(jī)器人技術(shù)研究院）和C（計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究院）。這兩個(gè)組織都有制造此種系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是稍有不同的觀點(diǎn)。IPR制造的卡爾斯魯厄靈巧手Ⅱ（如圖1所示），是一個(gè)四指相互獨(dú)立的手爪，我要確定手指的尺寸和安置位置，可以采用兩種方法擬人化和非擬人化。然后將取決與被操作的物體以及選擇何種期望的操作類(lèi)型。擬人化的安置方式很容易從人手到機(jī)器人手轉(zhuǎn)移抓取意圖。但是每個(gè)手指不同的尺寸和不對(duì)稱(chēng)的安置位置將增加加工費(fèi)用，并且是其控制系統(tǒng)變得更加復(fù)雜，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)手指都必須分別加以控制。對(duì)于相同手指的對(duì)稱(chēng)布置，常采用非擬人化方法。因?yàn)橹恍杓庸ず蜆?gòu)建單一的“手指模塊”，因此可減少加工費(fèi)用，同時(shí)也可是控制系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)化。32驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)指關(guān)節(jié)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器對(duì)手的靈活度也有很大的影響，因?yàn)樗鼪Q定潛在的力量、精度及關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度。機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)的兩個(gè)方面需加以考慮運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)源和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向。在這方面，文獻(xiàn)里描述了有幾種不同的方法，如文獻(xiàn)3中說(shuō)可由液壓缸或氣壓缸產(chǎn)生運(yùn)動(dòng)，或者，正如大部分情況一樣使用電動(dòng)機(jī)。在多數(shù)情況下，運(yùn)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)器（如電機(jī)）太大而不能直接與相應(yīng)的指關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)合在一起，因此，這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)必須由驅(qū)動(dòng)器（一般位于機(jī)器臂最后的連接點(diǎn)處）轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)來(lái)。有幾種不同的方法可實(shí)現(xiàn)這種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，如使用鍵、傳動(dòng)帶以及活動(dòng)軸。使用這種間接驅(qū)動(dòng)指關(guān)節(jié)的方法，或多或少地降低了整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)度和精度，同時(shí)也使控制系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜化，因?yàn)槊扛种傅牟煌P(guān)節(jié)常常是機(jī)械地連在一起，但是在控制系統(tǒng)的軟件里卻要將它們分別獨(dú)立控制。由于具有這些缺點(diǎn)，因此小型化的運(yùn)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)器與指關(guān)節(jié)的直接融合就顯得相當(dāng)必要。33傳感系統(tǒng)機(jī)器手的傳感系統(tǒng)可將反饋信息從硬件傳給控制軟件。對(duì)手指或被抓物體建立一個(gè)閉環(huán)控制是很必要的。在機(jī)器手中使用了3種類(lèi)型的傳感器1手爪狀態(tài)傳感器確定指關(guān)節(jié)和指尖的位置以及手指上的作用力情況。知道了指尖的精確位置將使精確控制變得可能。另外，知道手指作用在被抓物體上的力，就可以抓取易碎物件而不會(huì)打破它。2抓取狀態(tài)傳感器提供手指與被抓物體之間的接觸狀態(tài)信息。這種觸覺(jué)信息可在抓取過(guò)程中及時(shí)確定與物體第一次接觸的位置點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也可避免不正確的抓取，如抓到物體的邊緣和尖端。另外還能察覺(jué)到已抓物體是否滑落，從而避免物體因跌落而損壞。3物體狀態(tài)或姿態(tài)傳感器用于確定手指內(nèi)物體的形狀、位置和方向。如果在抓取物體之前并不清楚這些信息的情況下，這種傳感器是非常必要的。如果此傳感器還能作用

簡(jiǎn)介：1SOUTHWESTPETROLEUMUNIVERSITYGRADUATIONTHESISCONTACTELIMINATIONINMECHANICALFACESEALSUSINGACTIVECONTROLGRADENAMESPECIALITYPROCESSEQUIPMENTANDCONTROLINSTRUCTORSOUTHWESTPETROLEUMUNIVERSITY201062們的位置并不在接觸的位置一定的權(quán)利。熱慣量也必須考慮到事件發(fā)生的預(yù)測(cè)和控制之間的時(shí)間延遲激活。整體而言，溫度測(cè)量是不是直接測(cè)量間隙，因此，這種方式才是最重要的它可能無(wú)法檢測(cè)到破壞，即情況下，接觸密封操作。在本研究中，減少偏差和相對(duì)減少了密封面接觸的可能性各種方式進(jìn)行了介紹和審議。第一次接觸是監(jiān)測(cè)從使用渦流探頭密封的動(dòng)態(tài)行為。這些提供適當(dāng)或不當(dāng)行為密封瞬時(shí)信息。然后，控制策略以及控制系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和實(shí)施，以保持盡可能清除，相對(duì)偏差小，以保證非接觸式的FMR機(jī)械端面密封操作。22間歇面對(duì)面接觸間歇面對(duì)面接觸一個(gè)基本的描述和命名富達(dá)機(jī)械密封給出了圖1（見(jiàn)本運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型的細(xì)節(jié)5）。大壩是密封的轉(zhuǎn)子之間的傾斜面和固定定子（也都顯示在圖2）面積。為了減少磨損，其中之一的面孔通常是由較軟的材料，例如，碳石墨。在操作過(guò)程中面臨升空到一定中心線(xiàn)間隙，C，而較軟的材料也歪曲因?yàn)闄C(jī)械和熱變形，由錐角，Β代表注意，這兩個(gè)C和Β非常?。ㄒ晃⒚椎暮突《龋謩e順序），因此，圖1不是比例顯示這些尺寸參數(shù)。腦脊液漏由于在密封的壓力降產(chǎn)生的情況將通過(guò)Β（如圖1。流從中心向周邊地區(qū)發(fā)生）造成的流體流動(dòng)匯流的差距。理想情況下，密封面垂直排列軸和相互平行。正如其名稱(chēng)所暗示的，不應(yīng)該有任何的接觸過(guò)程中的非接觸式機(jī)械密封操作。然而，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，在操作過(guò)程中接觸可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)由于大相對(duì)密封面之間的錯(cuò)位。相對(duì)偏差之間的密封面，Γ（見(jiàn)圖1），是制造和裝配公差，機(jī)械惡化，或在工藝操作，彎曲軸，密封面接觸等干擾的結(jié)果，不僅會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響力量，是不容易預(yù)測(cè)，但同時(shí)也增加了摩擦和磨損的端面和產(chǎn)生熱量的延長(zhǎng)。

簡(jiǎn)介：齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告院系名稱(chēng)機(jī)械與汽車(chē)工程學(xué)院學(xué)生姓名李洪松專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)過(guò)控142指導(dǎo)教師付圳秢二○一八年三月二十六日實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告一、實(shí)習(xí)目的或研究目的一、實(shí)習(xí)目的或研究目的實(shí)踐是真理的檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過(guò)一個(gè)月的工廠實(shí)習(xí)，我了解到很多工作常識(shí)，也得到意志上鍛煉，有辛酸也有快樂(lè)，這是我大學(xué)生活中的又一筆寶貴的財(cái)富，對(duì)我以后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作將有很大的影響。很快我們就要步入社會(huì)，就業(yè)單位不會(huì)像老師那樣點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴細(xì)致入微地把要做的工作告訴我們，更多的是需要我們自己去觀察、學(xué)習(xí)。不具備這項(xiàng)能力就難以勝任未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著科學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展，新技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，會(huì)有很多領(lǐng)域是我們未曾接觸過(guò)的，只有敢于去嘗試才能有所突破，有所創(chuàng)新。一個(gè)月的工廠實(shí)習(xí)帶給我們的，不全是我們所接觸到的那些操作技能，更多的則需要我們每個(gè)人在實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束后根據(jù)自己的情況去感悟，去反思，勤時(shí)自勉，有所收獲，使這次實(shí)習(xí)達(dá)到真正目的?，F(xiàn)在我為期一個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束了,我在這一個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí)中學(xué)到了很多在課堂上根本就學(xué)不到的知識(shí),受益非淺，我在菏澤開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)歐閥機(jī)電有限公司總工廠主要的職務(wù)是設(shè)備維護(hù)。菏澤開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)歐閥機(jī)電有限公司公司致力于機(jī)電設(shè)備及配件、水暖閥門(mén)、消防設(shè)備的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)制造和銷(xiāo)售，現(xiàn)在我將就對(duì)這一個(gè)月的實(shí)習(xí)做一個(gè)工作小結(jié)。二、實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容二、實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容1、掌握機(jī)械加工工藝方面的知識(shí)及方法2、了解切削刀具方面的知識(shí)，熟悉常用刀具的結(jié)構(gòu)、選擇、用途等3、了解企業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理模式，學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)的管理方式方法4、熟悉、鞏固鑄造工藝及設(shè)備方面的知識(shí)5、了解電機(jī)及水泵的的裝配過(guò)程，熟悉其中的操作規(guī)范（本次主要實(shí)習(xí)內(nèi)容）。1、毛胚的選擇、毛胚的選擇零件一般是由毛胚加工而成。在現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)條件下，毛胚主要有鑄件，鍛件和沖壓件等幾個(gè)種類(lèi)。鑄件是把熔化的金屬液澆注到預(yù)先制作的鑄型腔中，待其冷卻凝固后獲得的零件毛胚。在一般機(jī)械中，鑄件的重量大都占總機(jī)重量的50以上，它是零件毛胚的最主要來(lái)源。鑄件的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它可以是各種形狀復(fù)雜的零件毛胚，特別是具有復(fù)雜內(nèi)腔的零件毛胚，此外，鑄件成本低廉。

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簡(jiǎn)介：鄭州航空工業(yè)管理學(xué)院英文翻譯2012屆機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其在自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)業(yè)1006962班級(jí)姓名郝振興學(xué)號(hào)100696208指導(dǎo)教師賀紅霞職稱(chēng)教授二О一二年三月十二日21THETIMEBACKGROUNDOFMATERIALPROCESSINGMACHINEINTHELONGSPANOFHISTORYOFHUMANPROGRESS,MANYTOOLS,MACHINESANDMETHODSWERECREATEDANDAVARIETYOFMATERIALSWITHDIFFERENTPROPERTIESWEREPROCESSEDMATERIALSANDITSPROCESSINGHAVEBECOMEONEOFPILLARANDDRIVINGFORCEOFMANKINDPROGRESSINPACEWITHMULTIPOLARCOMPETITIONINCURRENTWORLDANDPEOPLE’SSTRIVINGPERSEVERINGLYFORHAPPIERLIFE,MATERIALFUNCTIONGOESBEYONDUNCEASINGLYMEN’SKNOWLEDGEANDIMAGINATION,FOREXAMPLE,CRYPTICFUNCTIONMATERIAL,SEMICONDUCTORMATERIAL,ENERGYMATERIAL,VIBRATIONABSORPTIVEMATERIAL,SUPERSTRENGTHALUMINUMALLOYACCOUNTINGFOR70PERCENTOFAPPLICATIONOFAERONAUTICSANDSPACE,METALFOILOF4～5ΜM,DEEPDRAWINGPLATEWITHANISOTROPYBELOW1PERCENT,ELECTRONICALUMINUMFOILWITHMICROORIENTATIONUPTO95PERCENT,HEATRESISTINGALUMINUMALLOYWITHSUPERSTRONGSPECIFICSTRENGTHUSEDINAERONAUTICS,SPACEANDDEEPSEA,ETCTHUSSEVERALIMPORTANTDEVELOPMENTTRENDSWITHDISTINCTTIMEFEATURESINMATERIALPROCESSINGDOMAINARESHAPEDUPASFOLLOWS1CREATINGMATERIALPROCESSINGMACHINEWITHEXTRAORDINARYPHYSICALFIELDFORPROCESSINGMATERIALWITHSPECIALTEXTURESTRUCTURESANDFUNCTIONSFOREXAMPLE,APPLICATIONSOFTHERMALENERGYANDMECHANICALENERGYAREBREAKINGTHROUGHUNCEASINGLYTECHNOLOGYLIMIT,ANDSOMENONTRADITIONENERGY,SUCHASMICROWAVE,CHEMICALENERGY,BIOENERGY,ETC,AREINTRODUCEDINTOMATERIALPROCESSINGPROCEDUREONEAFTERANOTHER,SOTHATSOMEMATERIALPROCESSINGMACHINESWITHEXTRAORDINARYENERGYCIRCUMSTANCEAREPRODUCED2BREAKINGTHROUGHTRADITIONALPHYSICALLIMITSANDINTEGRATINGMELTING,SOLIDIFYING,PLASTICDEFORMATIONANDHEATTREATMENTTOOBTAINSPECIALFUNCTIONOFMATERIALANDCUTDOWNEXPENSES3FOREXAMPLE,NEARNETSHAPINGMATERIALPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGY,SUCHASFASTROLLING,SPRAYINGDEPOSITION,OVERPLASTICMOLDING,INJECTIONMOLDING,HIGHENERGYBEAM,ETC,ISAPPLIED3MATERIALPROCESSINGPROCESSISFORGEDAHEADINTHEDIRECTIONOFHIGHSPEED,HEAVYDUTYANDHIGHACCURACYONLINECONTROL,FORINSTANCE,THEROLLINGSPEEDGOESUPTO130MS1,THEDEFORMATIONPRESSURERISESUPTO300MPA,ACCURACYOFDIMENSIONUPTO01ΜM,ACCURACYOFSHAPEUPTO01I,STRENGTHACCURACYCOMESUPTO01MPAFORTHESEREASONS,ITISNECESSARYFORMATERIALPROCESSINGMACHINEDESIGNTHEORYTOINTEGRATEANDCOALESCEINGENIOUSLYCORRELATIVEFRONTIERSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTOCREATEANDPRODUCESOMENEWCONCEPTMATERIALPROCESSINGMACHINEWITHFOLLOWINGFUNCTIONS